药物敏感试验指导肺癌合并恶性胸腔积液的顺铂联合其他药物胸腔内化疗

目的 用药物敏感试验预测肺癌合并恶性胸腔积液癌细胞对顺铂联合其他药物的敏感度,观察其在指导此类患者的顺铂联合其他化疗药物胸腔内化疗的价值.方法 将44例胸腔积液癌细胞阳性肺癌患者随机分为两组:药物敏感试验组(20例,有2例因体外药物敏感试验失败而被排除)和对照组(22例).药物敏感试验组患者用三磷酸腺苷-肿瘤细胞药物敏感试验(ATP-TCA)法分别检测胸腔积液癌细胞对顺铂加香菇多糖、顺铂加甘露聚糖肽、顺铂加A群链球菌制剂、顺铂加干扰素、顺铂加金黄色葡萄球菌滤液制剂、顺铂加卡介苗多糖核酸、顺铂加红色诺卡菌细胞壁骨架、顺铂加白细胞介素-2的敏感度,并选择抑瘤率最高的联合化疗药物对患者进行胸腔内化疗,观察治疗后胸腔积液完全缓解率及胸腔积液癌细胞转阴率,并与对照组比较.结果 药物敏感试验组患者对各联合化疗药物敏感的例数为:顺铂加香菇多糖14例、顺铂加甘露聚糖肽18例、顺铂加A群链球菌制剂17例、顺铂加干扰素10例、顺铂加金黄色葡萄球菌滤液制剂16例、顺铂加卡介苗多糖核酸15例、顺铂加红色诺卡菌细胞壁骨架17例、顺铂加白细胞介素-216例.药物敏感试验组完全缓解率为65.0%,对照组为27.3%(P＜0.05).药物敏感试验组胸腔积液癌细胞转阴率为80.0%,对照组为45.5%(P＜0.05).结论 用药物敏感试验指导肺癌合并恶性胸腔积液的胸腔内个体化化疗可提高完全缓解率和胸腔积液癌细胞转阴率,该方法具有临床实用价值.     

微创置管胸腔内灌注顺铂及香菇多糖治疗恶性胸腔积液

目的：总结微创置管引流胸腔内灌注顺铂及香菇多糖治疗恶性胸腔积液的疗效及优点。方法：对63例恶性胸腔积液患者行留置中心静脉导管引流胸腔内灌注顺铂及香菇多糖治疗，观察疗效并检测治疗前后胸水中CEA浓度及外周血免疫功能指标，治疗后胸水离心找癌细胞。结果：胸腔内灌注顺铂及香菇多糖治疗恶性胸腔积液的有效率为85．7％，患者生活质量改善，无明显副反应发生，治疗后胸液CEA浓度明显下降，基本位于正常水平以下，免疫指标增高。结论：微创置管胸腔内灌注顺铂及香菇多糖治疗恶性胸腔积液安全有效，具有创伤小、操作简便、易为患者接受等优点，明显改善患者生活质量。     

顺铂联合香菇多糖治疗恶性胸腔积液32例疗效观察

目的　探讨顺铂联合香菇多糖治疗恶性胸腔积液的疗效及机制。方法　将 64例恶性胸腔积液患者随机分为观察组 (32例 )和对照组 (32例 )。观察组 32例患者放尽胸水后经胸腔内注入顺铂加香菇多糖进行治疗 ;对照组32例患者放尽胸水后经胸腔内注入顺铂进行治疗。结果　观察组有效率 (84.4% )高于对照组 (50 .0 % )具有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5)。结论　顺铂联合香菇多糖治疗恶性胸腔积液患者有确切疗效。明显提高化疗药敏感性 ,提高患者生存期及生活质量     

热疗联合胸腔灌注化疗药物治疗恶性胸腔积液临床观察

目的观察热疗联合胸腔灌注化疗药物治疗恶性胸腔积液的疗效、毒副反应和患者的生活质量。方法58例确诊的晚期肺癌合并恶性胸腔积液的患者,分为热疗联合胸腔灌注组即A组和单纯胸腔灌注组B组,A组:盐水50ml+顺铂60mg胸腔灌注d1d8,胸腔灌注30min内采用W2102型高频治疗仪行深部热疗,每周两次。B组:盐水50ml+顺铂60mg胸腔灌注d1d8,不联合热疗。结果A组有效率为86.2%,B组有效率为62.1%,两组比较差异有统计学意义,P0.05,毒副反应轻微,可耐受。两组生活质量好转率分别为75.86%和48.28%,两组比较差异有统计学意义,P0.05。结论采用热疗联合胸腔灌注化疗药物治疗恶性胸腔积液有效率高,不良反应可耐受,生活质量提高。     

顺铂合用链球菌制剂腔内注射治疗30例恶性胸腔积液

目的评价链球菌制剂（沙培林）联合顺铂治疗恶性胸腔积液的临床效果。方法将60例伴有大量胸腔积液的晚期癌症患者，随机分为两组，每组各30例。沙培林＋顺铂组经导管胸腔内注入沙培林和顺铂治疗，顺铂组仅用顺铂治疗。结果沙培林＋顺铂组总有效率为90．0％，高于顺铂组（53．3％）。沙培林＋顺铂组生存质量改善率为266．7％，高于顺铂组（30．O％）。结论沙培林联合顺铂治疗恶性胸腔积液疗效明显，不良反应轻，具有一定的临床应用价值。     

多西环素和博来霉素治疗恶性胸腔积液的疗效和不良反应分析

目的比较观察多西环素和博来霉素治疗恶性胸腔积液的疗效和毒副反应。方法将28例晚期肺癌合并恶性胸积液患者随机分为试验组和对照组各14例,均在给予“GP（吉西他滨＋顺铂）”方案化疗后行胸膜粘连术。试验组予以多西环素0．5g治疗,对照组予以博来霉素1mg／kg（45—60mg）治疗。每例患者至少完成1周期化疗后1周后评价疗效。结果试验组完全缓解4例,部分缓解7例,无效3例。对照组完全缓解3例,部分缓解7例,无效4例。2组,临床疗效比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。试验组不良反应发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论多西环素与博来霉素治疗肺癌并恶性胸腔积液的疗效相当．但多西环素治疗的副反应相对较少。     

复方苦参注射液联合顺铂胸腔内注入治疗恶性胸腔积液的疗效观察

目的观察复方苦参注射液联合顺铂胸腔内注入治疗恶性胸腔积液的疗效。方法 70例恶性胸腔积液患者随机分为联合组(35例)、顺铂组(35例)。抽尽胸腔积液后,联合组向胸腔内注入复方苦参注射液加顺铂,顺铂组胸腔内只注入顺铂。观察两组患者治疗后的总有效率及胸水吸收情况。结果治疗后联合组总有效率82.8%,顺铂组68.6%,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后联合组1个月内胸水吸收25例(71.4%),顺铂组11例(31.4%),两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论复方苦参注射液联合顺铂胸腔内注入治疗恶性胸腔积液有确切疗效。     

顺铂＋IL-2胸腔内灌注联合培美曲塞全身化疗治疗老年晚期肺腺癌恶性胸腔积液

目的：观察顺铂＋IL-2胸腔内灌注联合培美曲塞全身化疗治疗老年晚期肺腺癌恶性胸腔积液的临床疗效及毒副反应。方法：老年肺腺癌并胸腔积液患者共51例,采用顺铂40mg/m2及IL-2150万U胸腔灌注保留,每周一次,共2周,同时应用培美曲塞,第1天,每3周重复,完成2个周期。治疗第4周评价疗效及毒副作用。结果：51例患者均可评价疗效,完全缓解者16例,部分缓解者25例,无效者6例,其有效率为80.39%,完全缓解率31.37%。结论：顺铂＋IL-2胸腔内灌注联合培美曲塞全身化疗治疗老年晚期肺腺癌恶性胸腔积液治疗的方法疗效显著,毒性反应轻,临床使用安全。     

甘露聚糖肽加顺铂胸腔注入治疗肺癌胸腔积液178例分析

肺癌发病率在我国城市居恶性肿瘤首位,多数患者确诊时已属于晚期,胸腔积液是晚期肺癌常见的并发症之一,积液增多,产生压迫症状,引起胸闷、呼吸困难等症状,影响到患者的生存质量.因此,及时有效地控制胸腔积液成为肺癌晚期姑息性治疗的关键措施之一,胸腔内注入抗癌药物是治疗恶性胸腔积液的有效方法之一. 2000-03/2008-03我院采取胸腔置管引流,胸腔内注射甘露聚糖肽+顺铂治疗恶性胸腔积液178例,疗效满意,现报道如下.     

低渗热灌注奥沙利铂胸腔化疗治疗肺癌并胸腔积液的临床价值

目的探讨低渗热灌注奥沙利铂(L-OHP)胸腔化疗治疗肺癌并胸腔积液的临床价值。方法实验组23例患者应用体外循环机加热的生理盐水灌洗胸腔结合低渗热灌注奥沙利铂胸腔化疗。对照组30例患者接受单纯灌注顺铂(DDP)胸腔化疗。结果实验组胸腔积液控制缓解率,2年的生存率,一般状况改善率均有提高;与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2组毒副反应差异无统计学意义。结论低渗热灌注奥沙利铂胸腔化疗治疗肺癌并胸腔积液是一种有效的新疗法,值得临床推广应用。     

长春新碱过量引起严重毒副反应1例的护理体会

报道1例霍奇金淋巴瘤患者因误用长春新碱（VCR）10mg一次性静脉推注后治疗护理情况。其出现间断性神志恍惚、眼睑闭合不全、言语不清、口腔黏膜糜烂、全身疼痛、麻痹性肠梗阻、尿潴留、手足麻木等症状,经积极解救,禁食,持续胃肠减压、胃管内注入麻油、开塞露、生理盐水灌肠,合理应用肠外营养,注重疼痛、心理护理,做好口腔、肛周护理,预防感染加重,患者病情得到控制好转出院。     

Correlates of stages of change of smoking among inhabitants of deprived neighbourhoods

BACKGROUND: This study examines the prevalence and correlates of stages of change of smoking, in terms of psychosocial, structural and sociodemographic factors, among inhabitants of deprived neighbourhoods. METHODS: Cross-sectional data were obtained from a survey on health related behaviour. Subjects were 2009 current and former smokers, aged 20-46, living in deprived neighbourhoods in Rotterdam, the second largest city in the Netherlands. Three groups of smokers were formed according to the stages of change-definitions of the Transtheoretical Model: smokers not planning to quit (precontemplators), smokers planning to quit (contemplators/preparators) and former smokers (actors/maintainers). Smokers planning to quit and smokers not planning to quit were compared regarding psychosocial factors (attitude, social norm, self-efficacy), structural factors (neighbourhood problems, material deprivation, financial problems, employment status) and sociodemographic factors (age, gender, marital status, cultural background, educational level). Former smokers were compared with smokers planning to quit regarding structural and sociodemographic factors. Logistic regression was used to assess correlates of stages of change. RESULTS: Smokers planning to quit (prevalence = 19%) reported a more positive attitude, stronger social norms and higher self-efficacy expectations in quitting smoking than smokers not planning to quit (prevalence = 57%). Smokers planning to quit less often were Dutch-born, more often had attended higher vocational schooling or university and more often reported experiencing two or more neighbourhood problems compared to smokers not planning to quit. Former smokers (prevalence = 24%) were older, more often Dutch-born, married, employed and higher educated, compared to smokers planning to quit. Furthermore, former smokers less often reported material deprivation and financial problems than smokers planning to quit. CONCLUSION: Among people living in deprived neighbourhoods, different factors correlate with different stages of change of smoking. Implications for health promotion are discussed.     

Choice of measures of vaccination and estimates of risk of pediatric pertussis

BackgroundVaccination uptake at the individual level can be assessed in a variety of ways, including traditional measures of being up-to-date (UTD), measures of UTD that consider dose timing, like age-appropriate vaccination, and risk reduction from individual doses. This analysis compared methods of operationalizing vaccination uptake and corresponding risk of pertussis infection.MethodsCity-wide case-control study of children in Philadelphia aged 3 months through 6 years, between 2001 and 2013. Multiple logistic regression was used to isolate the independent effects of each measure of vaccination uptake and the corresponding relative odds of pertussis.ResultsBeing UTD on vaccinations was associated with a 52% reduction in risk of pertussis (OR 0.48, 95% CI: 0.34, 0.69). Evaluation of delayed receipt of vaccine versus on-time UTD yielded similar results. There was a decrease in risk of pertussis for each additional dose received with the greatest reduction in pertussis infection observed from the first (OR 0.48, 95% CI: 0.28, 0.83) and second dose (OR 0.17, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.34). Additional doses conferred minimal additional protection in this age group.ConclusionExamining vaccination status by individual doses may offer improved predictive capacity for identifying children at risk for pertussis infection compared to the traditional UTD measure.     

两种不同肌瘤剔除术治疗子宫肌瘤的临床疗效比较

目的:比较腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术与腹式子宫肌瘤剔除术的临床疗效。方法:回顾分析63例腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术与61例腹式子宫肌瘤剔除术的临床资料,比较2种手术方式的手术时间、术中出血量、肛门排气时间、使用抗生素时间、术后感染率、体温恢复正常时间、住院时间等情况。结果:两组患者接受子宫肌瘤剔除术顺利完成,腹腔镜组手术时间长于开腹组(P0.05),腹腔镜组术中出血量及剔除肌瘤个数均少于开腹组(P0.05),术后腹腔镜组体温恢复正常时间、肛门排气时间、抗生素使用及住院时间均短于开腹组,两组患者最多随访6个月,腹腔镜组平均康复时间较开腹组短(P0.05),两组随访B超均未发现明显肌瘤结节。结论:腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术损伤小,恢复快,住院时间短,是值得推广的微创手术。     

上海市某医院骨科平均住院日影响因素分析

对上海市某医院2003年-2007年骨科出院病人的住院日描述性分析．2003年-2007年骨科的床位利用指数与平均住院日相关性分析．2003年-2007年骨科床位与医护比例分析．2007年骨科前10大病种平均住院目影响因素分别进行单因素相关性分析和多因素逐步回归分析（STATA软件）。通过对骨科10大病种住院日影响因素分析,术前等待天数、手术类型、是否输血分别对10个、9个和8个病种的住院目有影响。输血因素和手术类型是医院不可控、由病人的病情决定的,术前等待天数是管理因素,是最值得医院重视的影响因素。     

性发育异常发病机制的研究进展

正常的性腺分化可分为3个过程：原始性腺形成、性别决定和卵巢/睾丸发育。在任一环节中,基因表达或调控发生异常均有可能导致性发育异常疾病的发生。性发育异常是指染色体、性腺和解剖性别不典型。随着分子生物学技术的发展,不断地发现新的基因或信号通路参与性腺分化和发育,如SRY、SF1、WT1、Sox9等基因与睾丸发育密切相关,Wnt/Rspo1/B连环蛋白通路、Dax1、Foxl2等基因在卵巢分化中发挥着重要作用,一些非编码RNA和转化生长因子也有重要的调节功能,且睾丸和卵巢发育均为主动过程,即使在出生后因某些基因的改变两者间也可出现横向分化。这些为揭示性分化异常的发病机制提供了可能。     

尘肺病患者145例死因调查

目的分析汉中市尘肺病的发生、发展和死亡原因，以提高尘肺病患者的生存质量。方法对145例尘肺病患者的死因进行回顾性分析，计算其平均发病年龄、死亡年龄及患尘肺病后的存活年限。结果矽肺的平均发病年龄和死亡年龄均早于煤工尘肺和石棉肺，尘肺病的主要死因为患肺部疾患，患尘肺病后的平均存活年限为12a。结论加强职业健康体检工作，对尘肺病人做到早发现早治疗和预防并发症的发生。     

One-year stability of the Measure of Processes of Care

BACKGROUND: The Measure of Processes of Care (MPOC) is a 56-item self-administered measure designed to examine what parents of a child with a chronic health problem think of the services they and their child receive, and to measure the extent to which these services are family-centred. Reliability and validity of the MPOC were established in prior studies. The aim of the present study was to assess the 1-year stability of the MPOC to justify its use as an evaluative tool. METHODS: Nine paediatric rehabilitation centres in the Netherlands participated in this short longitudinal survey study. Subjects were 205 parents (response rate 74.8%) of children aged 1-18 years who received care in one of the participating paediatric rehabilitation centres. All subjects filled out two MPOCs with a 1-year interval. RESULTS: All correlations between the scale scores of the MPOC at the first and second administration were relatively high and significant (range: 0.443-0.609, all P < 0.001), demonstrating high inter-individual stability. However, all mean scale scores, except for Providing General Information, significantly reduced after 1 year. CONCLUSIONS: The MPOC has a moderate 1-year stability. However, because of its tendency to score lower when repeated after 1 year, its use as an evaluative follow-up instrument to assess the effectiveness of a programme intervention is restricted.     

儿童皮质发育畸形的MRI诊断

目的探讨儿童皮质发育畸形(MCD)的MRI表现特点,为MCD的早期诊断提供依据。 方法选择2010年1月至2012年12月在四川省医学科学院·四川省人民医院放射科经MRI检查确诊为MCD的44例患儿为研究对象。回顾性分析及总结其MRI影像学特征。本研究遵循的程序符合四川省医学科学院·四川省人民医院人体试验委员会制定的伦理学标准,得到该委员会批准,征得受试对象及其监护人知情同意,并与监护人签署临床研究知情同意书。 结果本组44例经MRI确诊为MCD患儿中,巨脑回-无脑回为17例,多小脑回为14例,灰质异位为9例,脑裂畸形为4例。MCD的MRI特点中,巨脑回表现为脑回增宽、皮质增厚及白质变薄;无脑回表现为正常脑沟、脑回消失,皮质增厚及白质变薄;多小脑回表现为脑回增多、细小;灰质异位表现为皮质下及侧脑室周围深部白质区结节状、团块状或带状病灶,信号与灰质信号相同;脑裂畸形表现为从侧脑室到脑表面贯穿大脑半球的裂隙,表面覆盖灰质。 结论MRI是诊断儿童MCD的可靠影像学方法。     

244株真菌鉴定结果分析

目的 了解某院2000～2001年各类真菌的检出率。方法 用酵母样真菌同化试验编码鉴定板TH-15进行编码鉴定。结果 真菌分离率为8．85％；244株真菌分为10种，其中以白色念珠菌和热带念珠菌较高，分别占真菌总数的75．41％和11．47％；检出真菌的主要标本是痰和阴道分泌物。结论 及时进行真菌培养，有利于合理使用抗菌药物和控制真菌感染。