104例女子排球运动员心脏测量报告

本文报告104例成年女子排球运动员的心脏测量。以X线表现进行分析诊断。其结果心胸比率大于0.5者,占46.15％;实测心脏面积大于预测面积者,占38.46％。作者认为运动员的心脏增大是生理现象,系劳动锻练所致,身高是主要的预测误差因素。     

特纳氏综合征儿童垂体MRI形态学表现

目的 探讨特纳氏综合征患儿MRI垂体形态学表现.方法 回顾性分析13例临床已确诊为特纳氏综合征的儿童垂体MRI的形态学表现.结果 13例中9例>10岁者垂体上缘呈对称性隆起,高7.1～10.3 mm,4例垂体明显均匀强化;4例<12岁者垂体形态正常.结论 MRI显示特纳氏综合征患儿青春期前垂体形态基本正常,进入青春期年龄后垂体呈病理性增生.     

巨大儿54例回顾分析

为提高巨大儿的诊断率 ,改善围产儿预后 ,对我院1 997年～ 2 0 0 0年分娩的巨大儿进行回顾性分析。现报告如下。1　临床资料1 1　一般资料　 1 997年 1月～ 2 0 0 0年 6月在我院住院分娩 92 0例单胎 ,其中巨大胎儿 (婴儿出生体重≥ 4 0 0 0ｇ) 54例 ,发生率为 5.87%。孕妇年龄 2 3～ 3 8岁 ,以 2 5～ 3 0岁居多占 79.3 4 %。初孕妇 3 8例 (70 .3 7% ) ,经产妇 1 6例(2 9.63 % )。分娩孕周 3 7～ 4 2周 4 7例 ,占 87.0 4 % ,>4 2周7例占 1 2 .96%。孕妇身高高于 1 70ｃｍ占 9.2 6%。分娩前孕妇体重 61～ 1 0 5ｋｇ,重于 70ｋｇ者占 53 .7%。…     

甲状腺功能亢进时甲状腺的血供分析

目的　研究甲状腺功能亢进 (甲亢 )时各支甲状腺动脉的粗细及其供应甲状腺组织的多少 ,为甲亢的动脉栓塞治疗提供相关的理论依据。方法　对 5 5例甲亢患者行甲状腺动脉造影 ,测量各支甲状腺动脉的直径及其供应的甲状腺组织所占单侧甲状腺的比例 ,供应比例 >6 0 %时定义为主要供血 ,占 4 0 %～ 6 0 %时为上下动脉供血相当。结果　右侧甲状腺上动脉内径 2 .2～ 6 .0mm ,平均 (3.8±0 .90 )mm ,1例缺如 ;右侧甲状腺下动脉内径 1.7～ 5 .6mm ,平均 (3.5± 1.3)mm ,2例缺如。左侧甲状腺上动脉内径 2 .4～ 6 .0mm ,平均 (3.7± 0 .9)mm ,1例缺如 ;左甲状腺下动脉内径 1.0～ 5 .2mm ,平均 (2 .9± 1.0 )mm ,3例缺如。左右侧甲状腺最下动脉各有 1例显示。双侧甲状腺上动脉相比 ,其粗细相差不明显 (t=0 .2 74 1,P >0 .0 5 ) ,双下动脉相比 ,右侧较左侧粗 (t=2 .3917,P <0 .0 2 ) ;右上下动脉相比 ,相差不明显 (t=0 .95 5 6 ,P >0 .0 5 ) ,左上下动脉相比 ,上动脉明显较下动脉粗 (t =3.7796 ,P <0 .0 1)。右侧甲状腺由右上动脉供血为主者占 5 6 .4 % (31/ 5 5 ) ,上、下动脉供血相当者占 4 0 % (2 2 / 5 5 ) ,右下动脉为主者 3.6 % (2 / 5 5 ) ,后两者合计占 4 3.6 % ;左侧甲状腺由左上动脉供血为主者占 4 9.1% (2     

MRI测量正常人膝关节软骨厚度

目的　探讨MRI测量膝关节软骨厚度的方法以及软骨密度与年龄、性别、身高和体重的关系 ,研究正常人膝关节软骨的分布特征 ,为关节病变的早期诊断提供影像学基础。方法　正常膝关节 14 0例 ,分为 7个年龄组 ,用FLASH -FS -T1WI和 3D -FISP -FS -T2 WI序列行矢状面扫描。分别选取胫骨内、外髁正中矢状面图像作为测量层面 ,每个膝关节选取 12个测量点 ,测量软骨厚度规定为从软骨表面至“潮线”处。结果　膝关节软骨的分布是不均匀的 ,在不同区域厚度不同 ,股骨侧软骨平均厚度大于胫骨侧 ,分别为 3 .0 1mm和 2 .70mm。男性软骨平均厚度大于女性 ,分别为 ( 2 .90± 0 .75 )mm和 ( 2 .5 7± 0 .5 6)mm。 15岁以下年龄组平均软骨厚度明显 >16岁以上各年龄组 ,16岁以上各年龄组软骨厚度近似。身高低于 15 0cm时 ,身高越高软骨越薄 ,身高高于15 0cm与软骨厚度无明显关系。体重在 40kg以下时 ,体重越重软骨越薄 ,体重在 40kg以上时与软骨厚度无明显关系。 结论　正常人膝关节不同区域软骨厚度不同。男性软骨厚度大于女性。 16岁以后软骨厚度与年龄、身高和体重均不相关 ,15岁以前与年龄、身高和体重呈负相关可能仅代表了发育过程的变化     

MSCT对健康成人肾上腺体积的测量研究

目的探讨MSCT对健康成人肾上腺体积的测量研究。方法选取2013年1月~2014年6月190例健康体检者作为研究对象,采用多层螺旋CT行增强扫描测量肾上腺体积的大小,着重观察健康成人双侧肾上腺的检出率及其与性别、年龄、体重、身高、血压等参数的关系。结果健康成人双侧肾上腺检出率为100%,左侧平均体积为(2803.18±869.74)mm3,明显大于右侧的(2010.82±726.33)mm3,比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);男性肾上腺总体积、左侧平均体积、右侧平均体积分别为(5436.91±1576.07)mm3、(3021.48±930.45)mm3、(2448.07±764.95)mm3,均明显大于女性的,(4260.83±1510.34)mm3、(2589.85±880.61)mm3、(1634.90±796.38)mm3,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);双侧肾上腺体积56岁后缩小;肾上腺体积与体重呈正相关,与身高、血压无明显相关性。结论 MSCT可简便、准确测量肾上腺体积,是测量肾上腺的有效方法,为肾上腺病变的影像学诊断提供可靠依据,值得临床推广使用。     

老年性口腔血管畸形与全身疾病的关系初探和Ar~ 激光治疗

目的 :探讨Ａｒ 激光治疗老年性口腔血管畸形的临床适用性及老年性口腔血管畸形与全身系统性疾病的关系和临床特点。方法 :6 0岁以上口腔血管性病损患者 2 12例 ,男性 10 4例 ,女性 10 8例 ;年龄 6 0～ 82岁 ,伴系统性疾病者 187例 (占88 2 % )。病损直径 1～ 2ｃｍ者占 91 7% ,>3ｃｍ者占8 3%。氩离子激光器 ,双波长 488 0和 5 14 5ｎｍ ,输出功率 1～ 3Ｗ ,连续可调 ,光纤直径 6 0 0 μｍ ,行病变表面照射和腔内照射 ,光纤末端功率 1 5～ 2 5Ｗ。结果 :治愈率达 92 9% ,并发现老年性血管畸形患者系统性疾病伴发率达 88 2 % ,其中与心血…     

某师范大学女生多囊卵巢综合征就诊与治疗的依从性

 目的 探讨大学女生多囊卵巢综合征(polycystic ovarian syndrome,PCOS)患者就诊和治疗依从性,为女大学生防治PCOS提供依据。方法 选择首都师范大学校医院妇科2015-06至2017-06就诊的疑似PCOS在校女生。通过分析转诊结果反馈表及确诊后每月的转诊记录,了解患者规定时间内到上级医院就诊情况,以及确诊后每月的转诊情况。结果 疑似患者216例,规定时间内到上级医院就诊的有178例,占82.4%,最终确诊155例,确诊率87.1%;确诊后3、6个月,到校医院继续开转诊介绍单的依次为75、50例。确诊后6个月,转诊1次的143例(92.3%),2次的90例(58.1%),3次的88例(56.8%),4次的55例(35.5%),5次的30例(19.4%),6次的仅有16例(10.3%)。治疗6个月后,50例中,症状改善38例,占76.0%。结论 该师范大学女生PCOS就诊和治疗的依从性差,大学女生PCOS患者身体健康状况堪忧。     

直-11飞行员的错觉调查

为了探讨预防和克服飞行错觉的措施 ,并提出日后在飞行训练中的医学建议 ,笔者对完成直 - 11全部课目改装的飞行员进行了飞行错觉调查 ,现报告如下。　　一、对象与方法1.对象 :共调查直升机飞行员 26人 ,均为男性 ,健康等级 :甲等 ,飞行耐力良好 ,每日坚持 1.5 h体育锻炼。年龄最大者 4 1岁 ,最小者 2 3岁 ;飞过 3种以上机型者 2 0人 ,占 77% ,分别为初教六、歼教五、直 - 11;直升机飞行时间 30 0 h以上者 2 2人 ,占 84 .6 % ;其中 2名高血压 期患者 ,服药控制良好 ,血压稳定在17.3/ 11.3k Pa(130 / 85 mm Hg)以下。2 .方法 :对全部完成…     

准分子激光角膜表面切削术治疗近视

目的 :为了评价准分子激光角膜表面切削术 (PRK)的治疗近视、散光的疗效。方法 :采用美国VISX2 0 -2 0型准分子激光仪对 6 8例 133眼近视患者行PRK治疗。结果 :3～ 6个月 ,残余屈光度为t0 0 8± 0 2 9D ,裸眼视力≥ 0 8者占 94 2 % ,≥ 1 0者占 90 4% ,术前屈光度在 - 1 5 0～ - 6 0 0D者术后 3～ 6个月后裸眼视力≥ 0 8者占 95 2 % ,≥ 1 0者占 94 2 % ,术前屈光度在 - 6 2 5～ - 12 0 0D者术后 3～ 6个月后裸眼视力≥ 0 8者占 91 7% ,≥ 1 0者占 6 5 4%。实际矫正度数在预测屈光度± 0 5 0D范围者占 84 6 % ,0 8%术眼有 2级以上的角膜上皮下雾状混浊 ,无 1例用药后眼压增高者 ,最佳矫正视力下降 1行者占 6 8%。结论 :准分子激光角膜表面切削术对低中高度近视均安全有效 ,对低中度近视效果更佳 ,对高度近视的预测较差。     

Jump landing strategies in male and female college athletes and the implications of such strategies for anterior cruciate ligament injury

BACKGROUND: Female athletes are more likely than male athletes to injure the anterior cruciate ligament. Causes of this increased injury incidence in female athletes remain unclear, despite numerous investigations. HYPOTHESIS: Female athletes will exhibit lower hamstring muscle activation and smaller knee flexion angles than male athletes during jump landings, especially when the knee muscles are fatigued. STUDY DESIGN: Controlled laboratory study. METHODS: Eight female and six male varsity college basketball athletes with no history of knee ligament injury performed jump landings on the dominant leg from a maximum height jump and from 25.4 cm and 50.8 cm high platforms under nonfatigued and fatigued conditions. Knee joint angle and surface electromyographic signals from the quadriceps, hamstring, and gastrocnemius muscles were recorded. RESULTS: Women landed with greater knee flexion angles and greater knee flexion accelerations than men. Knee muscle activation patterns were generally similar in men and women. CONCLUSION: As compared with male college basketball players, female college basketball players did not exhibit altered knee muscle coordination characteristics that would predispose them to anterior cruciate ligament injury when landing from jumps. This conclusion is made within the parameters of this study and based on the observation that hamstring muscle activation was similar for both groups. The greater knee flexion we observed in the female subjects would be expected to decrease their risk of injury. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Factors other than those evaluated in this study need to be considered when attempting to determine the reasons underlying the increased incidence of anterior cruciate ligament injuries consistently observed in elite female athletes.     

Intraarticular injuries associated with anterior cruciate ligament tear: findings at ligament reconstruction in high school and recreational athletes. An analysis of sex-based differences

BACKGROUND: Despite research on the increased risk of anterior cruciate ligament tears in female athletes, few studies have addressed sex differences in the incidence of associated intraarticular injuries. HYPOTHESIS: When patients are stratified by sport and competition level, no sex differences exist in either the mechanism of injury or pattern of intraarticular injuries observed at anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. METHODS: Two hundred twenty-one athletes undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction met our inclusion criteria of anterior cruciate ligament tear as a singular event without reinjury or history of prior injury or surgery in either knee. Data were collected on competition level (high school, amateur), sport (basketball, soccer, skiing), mechanism of injury, articular cartilage injuries, and meniscal tears. Data were statistically analyzed by sex with the chi-square test and Student's t-test. RESULTS: High school athletes had no significant sex differences in mechanism of injury. Female soccer athletes had fewer medial meniscal tears than did male athletes, and female basketball players had fewer medial femoral condyle injuries. At the amateur level, female basketball players had more contact injuries, an earlier onset of swelling, and fewer lateral meniscal tears than did male players. CONCLUSION: At the high school level, male and female athletes shared a common mechanism of injury, and yet the female athletes had fewer intraarticular injuries in basketball and soccer. If such intraarticular injuries prove to be a significant risk factor for poor long-term outcome, women may enjoy a better prognosis after reconstruction.     

Supraspinatus tendon US morphology in basketball players: correlation with main pathologic models of secondary impingement syndrome in young overhead athletes. Preliminary report

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate supraspinatus tendon sonographic morphology in a population of young overhead athletes in correlation with main pathologic models of secondary shoulder impingement syndrome. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Between April and May 2004, 20 subjects (ten professional basketball players and ten non-athlete controls of the same age, weight and height ranges) underwent bilateral, standardised, sonographic sholulder examination to evaluate supraspinatus echotexture, supraspinatus and subacromial bursa thickness, subacromial space width (cutoff of 7 mm) and dynamic anterior impingement beneath the acromial margin. RESULTS: All subjects were right handed. No symptomatic controls were found. Four players showed signs and symptoms of right atraumatic shoulder instability (two cases) or supraspinatus impingement with anterior pain (one right and one left shoulder). Subacromial space width was reduced in five right-dominant players' shoulders (three symptomatic and two asymptomatic) versus zero controls (p<0.05) and in eight players' shoulders versus zero controls on total shoulders (p<0.05). No other significant differences were observed between the two groups in sonographic parameters considered. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the study limitations, ultrasonography (US) is able to detect subacromial space narrowing in young overhead athletes as early shoulder impingement sign, according to the continuum impingement-instability pathologic model.     

Isokinetic performance at diagonal pattern and shoulder mobility in elite overhead athletes

The purpose of this study was to measure isokinetically glenohumeral joint movement peak torque and work in professional basketball, volleyball, handball and baseball players and determine whether significant differences exist between the dominant and non-dominant extremity in athletes and controls. Eighty healthy professional overhead athletes (basketball, volleyball, handball and baseball players) and 20 controls were tested bilaterally on a CYBEX 6000 isokinetic dynamometer at 60 degrees and 180 degrees s(-1) for diagonal pattern of the glenohumeral joint. A standardized protocol and testing guidelines were strictly followed. The range of motion of internal rotation (IR) on the dominant side of baseball players was significantly smaller than those on the dominant side of basketball, handball and volleyball players, and controls (P<0.01). Flexion/abduction/external rotation were consistently higher on the dominant arm (8.5%) for peak torque at 60 degrees s(-1) in baseball players, and bilateral ratios were lower on the dominant arm (14.8%) for peak torque at 180 degrees s(-1) in basketball players. The results of this study are important for the application and interpretation of isokinetic data and flexibility and mobility characteristics on unilaterally dominant overhead athletes. Functional weakness in external rotators, mobility impairments in IR and muscle imbalance have been shown in the dominant arm of these overhead athletes.     

The end game: Mortality outcomes in North American professional athletes

Comprehensive investigations into the mortality outcomes of elite athletes can assist in decoding risk factors for premature mortality and provide avenues for exploring human health through engagement in sport. As such, the purpose of this study was to comprehensively examine lifespan trends of athletes from the 4 major sports in North America: Major League Baseball (MLB ), National Basketball Association (NBA ), National Football League (NFL ), and National Hockey League (NHL ). We hypothesized that proportional death rates would be similar across the 4 sports, when standardizing the data by debut years. Overall, 17 523 of 50 515 (34.7%) athletes were deceased as of the respective data collection cutoff date for their sport, with MLB players having the highest risk of imminent mortality. Professional basketball players generally had the highest relative proportion of death when standardizing data by debut year, although NHL and NFL players who debuted after 2005 had the highest proportion of death. In addition, a 1‐year increase in career length significantly decreased the risk of death (HR : 0.982, 95% CI : 0.978‐0.985), even after adjusting for sport type (HR : 0.977, 95% CI : 0.974‐0.980). Meaningful significance should be considered given the historical and unique nature of the sample. Nevertheless, investigating risk of death differences through different occupational and biological variables can help highlight aversive trends to lifespan that permeate throughout high‐performance athlete populations.     

Risk factors for patellar tendinopathy in basketball and volleyball players: a cross-sectional study

Patellar tendinopathy (PT) has a multifactorial etiology, and many possible risk factors have been described in the literature. The findings are conflicting, though, and most research has been conducted on elite athletes. The aim of the current study is to determine the risk factors for PT in a large representative sample of basketball and volleyball players. Separate risk factors for men and women, basketball and volleyball players, and athletes with unilateral and bilateral PT were identified. All basketball and volleyball players between ages 18 and 35 from the Dutch Basketball Association and the Dutch Volleyball Association were invited to complete an online questionnaire on knee complaints and risk factors for PT. The logistic regression analyses included 2224 subjects. The risk factors for PT were age, playing at the national level, being male and playing volleyball (compared with playing basketball). The risk factors for men and women were comparable. Among volleyball players, outside hitters and middle blockers/hitters had an increased risk compared with setters. For basketball players, no risk factors could be identified. No differences in the risk factors were found between athletes with unilateral and bilateral PT. These findings should be taken into account for prevention and rehabilitation purposes.     

Prevalence of jumper's knee among elite athletes from different sports: a cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of jumper's knee across different sports has not been examined, and it is not known if there is a gender difference. Data from surgical case series indicate that there may be a high prevalence in sports with high speed and power demands. HYPOTHESIS: The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of jumper's knee in different sports among female and male athletes and to correlate the prevalence to the loading characteristics of the extensor mechanism in these sports. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 4. METHODS: The authors examined approximately 50 Norwegian male and female athletes at the national elite level from each of the following 9 sports: athletics (male athletes: high jump, 100- and 200-m sprint), basketball (male athletes), ice hockey (male athletes), volleyball (male athletes), orienteering (male athletes), road cycling (male athletes), soccer (male and female athletes), team handball (male and female athletes), and wrestling (male athletes). The examination included an interview on individual characteristics (weight, age, height, and training background), a clinical examination, and self-recorded Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment score from 0 (worst) to 100 (best). RESULTS: The overall prevalence of current jumper's knee was 14.2% (87 of 613 athletes), with a significant difference between sports with different performance characteristics (range, 0%-45%). In addition, 51 athletes (8%) reported previous symptoms. The prevalence of current symptoms was highest in volleyball (44.6%+/-6.6%) and basketball (31.9%+/-6.8%), whereas there were no cases in cycling or orienteering. The prevalence of current jumper's knee was lower among women (5.6%+/-2.2%) compared with men (13.5%+/-3.0%; chi2 test, P=.042). The duration of symptoms among athletes with current jumper's knee (n=87) was 32+/-25 (standard deviation) months, with a Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment score of 64+/-19. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of jumper's knee is high in sports characterized by high demands on speed and power for the leg extensors. The symptoms are often serious, resulting in long-standing impairment of athletic performance.     

Patellar tendinopathy in junior basketball players: a controlled clinical and ultrasonographic study of 268 patellar tendons in players aged 14-18 years

Anterior knee pain is a common presenting complaint amongst adolescent athletes. We hypothesised that patellar tendinopathy may occur at a younger age than is generally recognised. Thus, we studied the patellar tendons in 134 elite 14- to 18-year-old female (n=64) and male (n=70) basketball players and 29 control swimmers (17 female, 12 male) clinically and with ultrasonography. We found that of 268 tendons, 19 (7%) had current patellar tendinopathy on clinical grounds (11% in males, 2% in females). Twenty-six percent of the basketball players' patellar tendons contained an ultrasonographic hypoechoic region. Ultrasonographic abnormality was more prevalent in the oldest tertile of players (17-18 years) than the youngest tertile (14-15.9 years). Of tendons categorised clinically as 'Never patellar tendinopathy', 22% had an ultrasonographic hypoechoic region nevertheless. This study indicates that patellar tendinopathy can occur in 14- to 18-year-old basketball players. Ultrasonographic tendon abnormality is 3 times as common as clinical symptoms.     

Valgus knee motion during landing in high school female and male basketball players

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to utilize three-dimensional kinematic (motion) analysis to determine whether gender differences existed in knee valgus kinematics in high school basketball athletes when performing a landing maneuver. The hypothesis of this study was that female athletes would demonstrate greater valgus knee motion (ligament dominance) and greater side-to-side (leg dominance) differences in valgus knee angle at landing. These differences in valgus knee motion may be indicative of decreased dynamic knee joint control in female athletes. METHODS: Eighty-one high school basketball players, 47 female and 34 male, volunteered to participate in this study. Valgus knee motion and varus-valgus angles during a drop vertical jump (DVJ) were calculated for each subject. The DVJ maneuver consisted of dropping off of a box, landing and immediately performing a maximum vertical jump. The first landing phase was used for the analysis. RESULTS: Female athletes landed with greater total valgus knee motion and a greater maximum valgus knee angle than male athletes. Female athletes had significant differences between their dominant and nondominant side in maximum valgus knee angle. CONCLUSION: The absence of dynamic knee joint stability may be responsible for increased rates of knee injury in females but is not normally measured in athletes before participation. No method for accurate and practical screening and identification of athletes at increased risk of ACL injury is currently available to target those individuals that would benefit from neuromuscular training before sports participation. Prevention of female ACL injury from five times to equal the rate of males would allow tens of thousands of young females to avoid the potentially devastating effects of ACL injury on their athletic careers.