单孔鼓膜穿刺正压注药治疗小儿分泌性中耳炎

目的：探讨小儿分泌性中耳炎（serous otitis media,SOM）的最佳治疗方法。方法：对56例（98耳）小儿SOM行单孔鼓膜穿刺正压注入醋酸确炎舒松－A、α-糜蛋白酶混合液，另55例（98耳）行鼓室置管术治疗，并对两种方法进行疗效比较。结果：行单孔鼓膜穿刺正压注药及鼓室置管治疗的总有效率分别为89．8％、90．8％，两者相仿，但前者的优点明显多于后者。结论：单孔鼓膜穿刺正压注药治疗法为安全、无痛、经济、无创性治疗，且疗效好，是小儿分泌性中耳炎的首选治疗方法。     

正负压疗法治疗分泌性中耳炎246例的临床疗效分析

目的观察用鼓膜穿刺、鼓室正压注药、负压吸引的方法治疗分泌性中耳炎的疗效。方法总结分析1998年1月～2003年12月我科治疗的分泌性中耳炎246例(292耳)采取鼓膜穿刺抽液、高负压吸引、鼓室正压注药为主要治疗方法的病例。结果246例分泌性中耳炎经1～3次治疗治愈率95．5％，46例胶耳经本法一次治愈39例(84．8％)。结论在清除病灶的基础上，用鼓膜穿刺、鼓室正压注药、负压吸引的方法是治疗分泌性中耳炎的一种有效方法，值得临床推广。     

鼓膜置管术治疗分泌性中耳炎20例

目的探讨鼓膜置管术及鼓室药物灌洗治疗分泌性中耳炎的疗效。方法分泌性中耳炎20例均为经门诊行药物治疗、鼓膜穿刺、鼓室注药保守治疗2~3个月后无效,考虑主要为咽鼓管功能障碍所致。收入院行鼓膜置管术,并定期局部灌注药物冲洗,置管时间1~3个月后拔管。结果术后随访6~12个月,获得良好效果,总有效率100%,治愈率75%(15/20)。全部患者听力明显改善,纯音测听术后平均提高20~30dBHL。声导抗检查恢复为"A"型曲线15例,"A s"型曲线5例。拔管后鼓膜均自然愈合,无遗留鼓膜永久性穿孔、鼓膜萎缩、化脓性中耳炎等并发症。结论鼓膜置管术是治疗顽固性分泌性中耳炎的主要方法,其中术后的鼓室药物灌注冲洗尤其重要,同时要预防脱管、感染、鼓膜不愈合等并发症。     

鼓膜置管加微波热疗治疗分泌性中耳炎的疗效观察

分泌性中耳炎是以传导性聋及鼓室积液为主要特征的中耳非化脓性疾病。反复发作的分泌性中耳炎患者为顽固性的，反复发作造成中耳腔粘连及鼓室硬化症等，治疗效果不佳，并可导致听力损失，以往治疗方法很多，但效果均欠佳。我科自1999年9月-2004年8月对60例反复发作的分泌性中耳炎患者行鼓膜置管加微波热疗等综合性治疗，并随访观察，疗效满意。现报告如下。     

鼓膜置管注药联合咽鼓管球囊扩张治疗成人难治性分泌性中耳炎的回顾性分析

目的 难治性分泌性中耳炎临床治疗效果不佳,本文回顾性分析了鼓膜置管注药联合咽鼓管球囊扩张术对伴有咽鼓管功能障碍的难治性中耳炎患者的疗效。方法 选择从2017年1月～2021年1月我院住院的18例难治性分泌性中耳炎患者,全麻下施行内镜下鼓膜切开置管术+咽鼓管球囊扩张术,术后按时复诊鼓室注射地塞米松,随访6个月以上,记录比较了术前、术后1月纯音测听阈值,鼓室图。术后6月的咽鼓管功能评分,满意度问卷调查。结果 术前患者电测听显示传导聋及鼓室图B型曲线,患者有明显的耳闷不适感,TMM检测示咽鼓管功能障碍。手术过程顺利,术后当天耳闷感觉明显好转,听力改善,术后1月电测听有改善,术后6月部分病人复发11%(2/18),但有效率89%(16/18)仍较高。结论 鼓膜置管注药联合咽鼓管球囊成形术对难治性分泌性中耳炎疗效明显,值得临床推广。     

逆行咽鼓管插管盐酸氨溴索注药治疗分泌性中耳炎

目的 探讨咽鼓管逆行插管行鼓室冲洗,盐酸氨溴索注药治疗分泌性中耳炎的临床疗效.方法 对112例(178耳)分泌性中耳炎患者采用逆行经咽鼓管插管,37℃生理盐水鼓室冲洗、盐酸氨溴索鼓室注药并留置.观察耳闷、耳鸣症状,鼓膜像,语频区听力恢复情况及与病程的关系.结果 全部病例178耳经1～3次治疗后,治愈119耳(66.9%),有效30耳(16.9%),无效29耳(16.3%),治愈率66.9%,总有效率83.7%.病史小于半年者,治愈率明显高于病史大于半年者,随着治疗次数的增加,治愈率和有效率逐渐降低.结论 逆行咽鼓管插管行鼓室冲洗,盐酸氨溴索注药是治疗分泌性中耳炎安全有效的方法.     

外耳道加压给药治疗分泌性中耳炎疗效观察

目的观察外耳道加压给药治疗分泌性中耳炎的疗效.方法共观察52例(76耳).治疗组在鼓膜穿刺抽液后行外耳道、鼓室加压给药 激光等治疗;对照组仅行鼓膜穿刺抽液、激光照射等治疗.结果外耳道、鼓室加压给药组疗效明显高于对照组(P＜0.05),差异有显著性意义,总有效率86.8%.结论外耳道、鼓室加压给药可提高分泌性中耳炎的疗效.     

鼓膜置管术后导管注药治疗分泌性中耳炎疗效观察

目的观察分泌性中耳炎患者鼓膜置管术后经导管鼓室注药(下文简称"导管注药")对中耳通气管堵塞的预防作用及对疗效的影响。方法将23例(42耳)分泌性中耳炎患者分为注药组和对照组,对照组9例(17耳)仅进行鼓膜置管术,术后未行导管注药治疗,注药组14例(25耳)鼓膜置管术后经导管鼓室注入氯霉素加地塞米松液0.3～0.5ml,术后随访6～12月,比较两组中耳通气管的通畅情况和疗效。结果对照组9例(17耳)中,治愈10耳(58.82%,10/17),4例(7耳)术后3个月内堵管,堵管率41.18%(7/17),其中3例(6耳)复发,复发率35.29%(6/17);注药组14例(25耳)中,治愈23耳(92.00%,23/25),显著高于对照组(P<0.05),仅有1例(2耳)堵管并复发,堵管率和复发率均为8.0%(1/25),显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论鼓膜置管术后导管注药能有效提高分泌性中耳炎的治愈率,降低堵管率及复发率。     

鼻咽癌放疗后分泌性中耳炎的治疗

目的探讨治疗鼻咽癌放疗后分泌性中耳炎的治疗方法。方法将60例鼻咽癌放疗后并发分泌性中耳炎患者随机分为A、B两组,每组30例。A组鼓室置管;B组在鼻内镜下行鼻腔鼻咽部清理加鼓膜穿刺抽液加鼓室给药沐舒坦。比较分析两组治疗效果及并发症。结果随访10个月,60例中存活49例。存活患者中,分泌性中耳炎治疗有效率A组为52.6%,B组为81.6%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;并发症发生率A组为23.7%,B组为7.9%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论对鼻咽癌放疗后伴发的分泌性中耳炎治疗,鼻腔鼻咽部清理加鼓膜穿刺抽液加鼓室给药沐舒坦优于单纯鼓室置管引流。     

纤维喉镜下咽鼓管、中耳注药治疗分泌性中耳炎

分泌性中耳炎是以鼓室积液、鼓膜完整和听力下降为特征的中耳非化脓性炎性疾病,临床上常采用综合方法治疗,疗效报道不一。我科对2009年6月～2011年6月以来61例分泌性中耳炎患者行纤维喉镜下咽鼓管、中耳注药治疗分泌性中耳炎,取得良好疗效。     

鼓膜置管术治疗小儿分泌性中耳炎

目的：探讨提高小儿分泌性中耳炎（SOM）疗效水平的方法。方法：120例（202耳）小儿SOM均行鼓膜置管术。对有腺样体及扁桃体肥大患儿同时行腺样体作和（或）扁桃体切除术，有鼻窦炎者行抗炎引流治疗。结果：120例患儿术后随访6－12个月，106例听力明显改善（占88．3％），纯音听阈声导抗检查基本恢复正常疗效。结论：对小儿SOM及时行置管等综合治疗，可以获得显著。     

A comparison of topical EMLA cream and Prilocaine injection for anaesthesia of the tympanic membrane in adults

To date there is no ideal method of painlessly achieving anaesthesia of the ear drum for myringotomy and grommet insertion. In this double blind, placebo controlled prospective study we have assessed a new topical anaesthetic agent (EMLA Cream) for use on keratinised squamous epithelium. A comparison has been made with the anaesthesia achieved by an injected agent. Twenty individuals were randomly allocated to receive placebo or EMLA cream. Their relative discomfort was measured on a visual analogue scale. Ten individuals received injected anaesthetic prior to myringotomy and grommet insertion and the discomfort of injection and of the procedure were similarly measured. We found EMLA cream to be an equally effective method of anaesthetising the ear drum as an injected agent. In addition there was minimal discomfort in the achievement of this anaesthesia. The discomfort of injecting the ear canal is shown to be similar to that of performing myringotomy and grommet insertion without anaesthesia.     

儿童分泌性中耳炎鼓膜置管前后听性脑干反应的特征

目的：评价儿童分泌性中耳炎鼓膜置管前后听性脑干反应（ABR）的特征及变化。方法：回顾性分析行鼓膜置管的37例分泌性中耳炎患儿（研究组）手术前后的ABR资料，并与30例健康儿童（对照组）的ABR资料相对比；将研究组再按波形分化程度分为波形分化不良组和波形分化较好组，对两组的病程及波Ⅴ反应阈等进行比较。结果：①儿童分泌性中耳炎可以影响ABR的波形分化和各波出现率，手术后有改善；术前波形分化不良组的波Ⅴ反应阈及病程与波形分化较好组相比，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）。②Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ波潜伏期术后较术前明显缩短且差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），但手术前后波间期的改变无统计学意义。③与对照组相比，手术前后均存在部分波潜伏期及波间期的异常，且有统计学意义。结论：儿童分泌性中耳炎的ABR表现为：波形分化及出现率的改变、波间期及波潜伏期的改变、波Ⅴ反应阈的改变，鼓膜置管术可以改善这些变化，但仍未达到对照组水平。     

Thermal myringotomy (an alternative to grommet insertion in childhood secretory otitis media?)

Thirty-six children with bilateral secretory otitis media were treated by thermal myringotomy and middle ear aspiration in one ear, and conventional myringotomy, middle ear aspiration and Shepard grommet insertion in the other ear. All children underwent adenoidectomy. Comparing the effectiveness of the two different procedures over a three-month review period, our main findings are as follows. All thermal perforations were closed by 42 days. Elimination of middle ear fluid was achieved in 81 per cent of the thermal myringotomy group, and in 100 per cent of the grommet group. While there was no significant difference in the hearing improvement between the procedures, conventional myringotomy and grommet insertion provided significantly better sustained middle ear ventilation.     

Reliability of a tympanic thermometer in measuring temperatures in children after minor ear surgery

AIM: To evaluate the reliability of infrared tympanic thermometry in children who have undergone myringotomy with grommet insertion. METHOD: Forty children who had undergone myringotomy with at least one grommet insertion had the tympanic temperature of each ear and the axillary temperature measured on admission and 30 minutes post-operatively. RESULT: No difference was found between the pre- and post-operative temperatures measured by either method (p > 0.05, paired t-test, hypothesized difference of 0). CONCLUSION: Infrared tympanic thermometry is reliable in monitoring body temperature in children who have had minor ear surgery.     

Does passive smoking affect the outcome of grommet insertion in children?

Bilateral myringotomy with insertion of ventilation tube (grommet) is the most common surgical procedure done on children under general anaesthetic. A prospective study was conducted on children undergoing grommet insertion to ascertain any relationship between exposures of passive smoking to the outcome of grommet insertion. Six hundred and six children (with 1174 ears) who underwent grommet insertion for recurrent secretory otitis media were followed up till the grommets were extruded. Thirty-three children (65 per cent), whose mothers smoked when they were pregnant, had bilateral narrow external ear canals. The median survival rate of grommet was 59 weeks in children who were exposed to passive smoking as compared to 86 weeks for non-exposed children and the extrusion rate of grommet was 36 per cent higher at the end of one year if both parents smoked compared to the non-smoking group. Post-extrusion myringosclerosis was 64 per cent if both parents smoked and less than 20 per cent if neither parents smoked. It is concluded that post-operative infection rate, attic retraction, post-extrusion myringosclerosis and permanent perforations of tympanic membrane were more common in children exposed to passive smoking. The study provides further support to professional and governmental advice that passive smoking is harmful.     

Experience with a new topical anaesthetic in otology

Producing good local anaesthesia of the external auditory meatus and tympanic membrane has always been a difficult problem facing otologists. Previously used methods are mentioned and the use of a new eutectic mixture of local anaesthetics (EMLA) for electrocochleography, myringotomy and grommet insertion in adults and older children is described. A double-blind controlled trial involving 15 patients (30 ears) undergoing electrocochleography showed EMLA to be a very effective, safe and convenient preparation for outpatient otological use.     

Glue under pressure: a bad prognostic sign for recurrence of otitis media with effusion.

One hundred and thirteen children with bilateral otitis media with effusion (OME) underwent myringotomy and insertion of Shah grommets. They were classified into three groups according to the presence or absence of 'glue under pressure' unilaterally or bilaterally. The follow up period ranging between 18 and 32 months determined the comparative rate of recurrence of OME and the number of grommet reinsertions. This study shows a significantly higher incidence of recurrent OME, requiring grommet reinsertion, in ears with glue under pressure (60 per cent) compared to those with glue not under pressure (7.4 per cent). Thus it was possible to identify a subset of children with OME who have a poorer prognosis for recurrence and who should be treated with long-stay grommets in the first instance.     

Thermal myringotomy versus grommets in the management of secretory otitis media

This paper presents the findings of a study of thermal myringotomy compared with the insertion of a grommet, in 30 children with secretory otitis media. The procedure was found to be easy to perform and free from complications. It provided ventilation of the middle ear for up to 8 weeks. However, there was a recurrence of the middle ear effusion in 40% of the thermal myringotomy ears. On the other hand, grommets were very effective in eliminating effusion over a 6 month period. I was unable to identify any parameter that will predict which patients will remain free of effusion after ventilation with a thermal myringotomy.     

鼓膜穿刺与鼓膜置管治疗鼻咽癌放疗后分泌性中耳炎的Meta分析

目的应用Meta分析方法评价鼓膜穿刺与鼓膜置管治疗鼻咽癌（nasopharyngealcarcinomal,NPC）放疗后分泌性中耳炎（secretory otitis media,SOM）的疗效差异,为临床治疗选择提供依据。方法电子检索Pubmed、Embase及中文期刊数据库（CBM,CNKI及CSTJ）,获取对照鼓膜穿刺与鼓膜置管治疗NPC放疗后SOM的临床研究资料;用Stata9.2统计软件包进行Meta分析。结果共纳入符合要求的研究5篇,合计患者352例（484耳）;Meta分析结果显示两者在有效率上的差异无统计学意义[RR=1.02,95%CI（0.78,1.32）];而鼓膜置管组并发症的发生率高于鼓膜穿刺组[RR=0.25,95%CI（0.14,0.44）]。结论在NPC放疗后SOM患者的初次治疗中,鼓膜穿刺和鼓膜置管的疗效相似,鼓膜置管比鼓膜穿刺更易发生并发症。以上分析结果提示,对于初次治疗的患者选择并发症发生率相对较小的鼓膜穿刺更合理。