大学生对多重表征学习材料归类的策略运用研究

目的以大学生为被试,探讨具有多重表征的不同特征材料对归类学习中运用策略影响以及随着表征数的增加,归类学习的难易变化趋势。方法采用两种不同特征的具有多重表征的学习材料,来探讨材料的特征及表征数对归类学习中运用策略和归类结果的影响。结果材料的特征影响归类策略的使用。材料的表征数不影响归类策略的使用,但影响归类学习的结果。当运用规则策略进行归类时,随着表征数的增加,归类学习变得困难。当运用样例策略进行归类时,随着表征数的增加,归类学习变得容易。结论具有多重表征的不同特征材料的确对归类学习中运用策略产生影响。     

大学生在归类学习中的策略运用研究

目的以大学生为被试，探讨不同性质的学习材料对归类学习时运用策略的影响。方法采用3种不同性质的学习材料：2维度MIP、无干扰维度；2维度MIP、加干扰维度；2维度MOP、加干扰维度，来探讨学习材料的性质对归类学习中运用策略的影响。结果当学习材料为2维度MIP、无干扰维度时，被试基本上运用规则策略进行归类；当学习材料为2维度MIP、加干扰维度时，被试基本上仍运用规则策略进行归类；当学习材料为2维度MOP、加干扰维度时，被试则基本上运用样例策略进行归类。结论实验材料的性质不同的确会引发不同的归类表征策略。     

DM2患者血清胰岛素、C肽释放试验结果与临床的关系

为了进一步了解糖尿病患者胰岛B细胞分泌特点，本文对2008年1月份以来178例2型糖尿病（DM2）患者血清进行了胰岛素、C肽释放试验，对数据进行了归类、对比和分析，其结果报道如下。     

情绪概念归类对喜好度评定的影响

目的:考察对中性陌生刺激的情绪概念归类对随后的喜好度评定的影响。方法:以26名大学生为被试,采用陌生藏文字符为实验材料。在概念归类阶段,要求被试强制判断随机给出的字符是"积极"还是"消极";在随后的喜好度评定阶段,要求被试基于一个九点量表评定随机出现的字符的喜好度,第二阶段的材料在第一阶段基础上又加上了一些新异字符。结果:被试对在第一阶段被归类为"积极"的字符的喜好度评定分数高于新异刺激,对归类为"消极"的字符的喜好度评定分数低于新异刺激。结论:对陌生中性刺激的随机情绪概念归类对随后的喜好度评定产生了重要影响,表明了第一印象的重要作用。     

出生缺陷监测现状、疾病谱变化趋势与监测方法探讨

目的以扬州市2005年-2010年的出生缺陷监测结果为基础,阐述我国出生缺陷监测现状,为进一步探讨我国出生缺陷监测方法、干预措施等提供有效的的数据支持,从而提高出生缺陷监测研究水平。方法总结扬州市2005年-2010年出生缺陷诊断分类及其变化趋势,探讨出生缺陷监测方法和统计口径。结果先天性心脏病、小于28w治疗性引产数、出生缺陷诊断无法归类而列为"其它"三者呈上升趋势。结论只有全面了解出生缺陷监测现状,准确统计出生缺陷发生率及其分类,才能有针对性地制订干预措施,更加有效地预防和减少出生缺陷。     

产科护理存在的不安全因素及对策

阐述了产科临床护理工作中可能出现的不安全因素,分别进行归类、分析,并从管理体制、人员素质、技能等方面,有针对性地提出预防措施,旨在进一步保证临床产科护理的安全.     

S-100A4与肿瘤形成、进展和转移的关系

肿瘤转移是肿瘤患者死亡的基本原因。S-100A4为S-100钙离子结合蛋白超家族的成员,已经被归类为转移相关蛋白,为一种有很高预后意义的肿瘤转移潜能分子标记物。S-100A4蛋白的表达增加与多种肿瘤的预后呈负相关,如乳腺癌、胃癌、肝癌、髓母细胞瘤、胰腺癌、结肠癌、胆囊癌、膀胱癌、食管癌和非小细胞性肺癌。S-100A4的过表达能导致肿瘤细胞侵袭和运动能力的增加。现认为,S-100A4为一种由肿瘤细胞和肿瘤活化的间质细胞分泌的活性肿瘤转移调节因子。S-100A4可调节细胞周期的进展,改变细胞的黏附性和运动能力,并增加肿瘤细胞的存活能力,调节肿瘤细胞的侵袭和转移能力。     

如何不让免疫系统攻击自身的胰岛素产生细胞

1型糖尿病被归类为自身免疫疾病,因为免疫系统靶向破坏健康的胰岛细胞,使年轻的病人不能利用人体主要碳源的葡萄糖.     

抑郁症、强迫症患者大脑额叶执行功能比较研究

目的 :通过对抑郁症、强迫症及大脑额叶肿瘤患者在威斯康星卡片分类测验 (WCST)操作上的比较 ,探讨抑郁症、强迫症患者在大脑额叶执行功能方面损伤的异同 ,并推测两者在发病机制上的联系。方法 :运用WCST对正常对照 74人 ,抑郁症 40例、强迫症 2 2例、额叶肿瘤 48例患者进行测试 ,并对不同组别的各测查指标进行统计分析。结果 :与正常对照组相比 ,抑郁症、强迫症及额叶肿瘤患者均存在不同程度WCST的操作损伤 ,但三个疾病组间 ,在WCST八个常用指标上 ,除完成第一个归类所需应答数外 ,均无显著差异 (P >0 0 5 )。结论 :抑郁症、强迫症患者大脑额叶功能受损明显 ,两者可能存在共同的起病基础。     

CAJD数据库收录个性化信息服务文献的网络计量分析

本文利用中国学术期刊网络出版总库（CAJD）对1999年至2009年2月各年份收录的我国研究个性化信息服务领域的文献,从文献量、年度、著者、学科主题等角度进行了调查归类统计,并在此基础上做了分析。     

The effect of papaverine,euphylline, and dibazol on the rate of the coronary circulation,the oxygen demand of the heart,and the work of the heart

Summary Experiments were performed on anesthetized cats. The author studied the effect of papaverine, euphylline, and dibazol on the volume velocity of the blood outflow from the coronary sinus, the oxygen uptake by the heart and the work of the heart. As shown by the experiments the changes of arterial blood pressure, minute volume, the work of the heart, and the frequency of the heart beat do not play a decisive role in the increase of the volume velocity of the coronary blood flow under the effect of the drugs under investigation. The changes of the volume velocity of the coronary blood flow and the heart oxygen uptake under the effects of the above vasculo-dilating preparations are strikingly parallel.Presented by Active Member AMN SSSR V. V. Zakustov     

Immunological responses of the toad, Xenopus laevis, to the antigens of the ciliate, Tetrahymena pyriformis

Toads, Xenopus laevis, were immunized with the ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis and their sera examined for specific anti-Tetrahymena precipitating, immobilizing, agglutinating and lytic antibodies 65–75 days later. Precipitating antibodies were detected in whole antiserum by ring and Ouchterlony tests against soluble antigens of Tetrahymena. Immobilizing, agglutinating and lytic antibodies against living ciliates were also detected in whole serum. Antibody activity was localized in the serum fraction corresponding with mammalian γ-globulin after starch block electrophoresis and this was confirmed by immunoelectrophoresis. After fractionation on Sephadex G-200 precipitating antibodies were found to correspond with γG immunoglobulins and non-precipitating antibodies with both γM and γG. These results are comparable with the situation which exists in rabbits immunized against Tetrahymena pyriformis.     

Effect of exercise on the tissue respiration of the brain,skeletal muscle,heart, liver,kidneys, and spleen

Summary The effects of a single sustained physical exercise on the respiration of various tissues of rats were investigated with the aid of Warburg's method. The animals were made to run on a treadmill for 90 min, i.e., until distinct signs of fatigue. The oxygen uptake of skeletal muscles was increased, and that of brain and kidneys reduced, both by a statistically significant margin. Changes in the respiration of liver, heart, and spleen were not statistically significant.The authors attribute increased respiration of skeletal muscles during physical exercise to intensified carbohydrate metabolism in muscle and the concomitant increase in the activity of the oxidative systems of muscle.The observed inhibition by severe physical exercise of the oxygen uptake of brain may have been caused by the inhibitory effects of serotonin and, possibly, corticosteroids, or still other active substances whose level rises in the organism of a tired animal.Oxygen uptake in the kidneys was probably reduced by an adaptive lowering of the activity of that organ's respiratory enzymes, which was the result of a markedly diminished renal blood supply during physical effort.     

Effect of the progestogen, allylestriol, on the bursal development of the chicken

Fertile eggs were dipped on the fifth day of incubation into varying concentrations of allylestriol (AE), a synthetic progesterone, and testosterone propionate (TP). Concentrations of AE higher than 0.1% inhibited hatchability. The AE inhibited the differentiation of the bursal mesenchyme and follicular development and subsequently resulted in bursectomy. The AE caused bursectomy in 40–50 times lower concentrations than did TP. An unusual lymphocyte accumulation occurred around the postcapillary venules in the bursal mesenchyme of AE-treated birds. This observation suggested that inhibition of mesenchyme differentiation may lead to a modification in bursal function. The AE modification of bursal development was compared to those produced by TP. We demonstrated that AE caused immunosuppression of the B-cell system.     

Kant,cognitive psychotherapy,and the hardening of the categories

Contemporary models of psychotherapy owe a considerable intellectual debt to philosophy, even though the contributions of philosophers to contemporary practice in the field often go unrecognized. A case in point is Kant's epistemology, which is foundational to cognitive approaches to psychotherapy. Here, it is argued that the rigid use of certain judgments represented in Kant's conceptual scheme underlies patterns of distorted or dysfunctional thinking associated with emotional disorders. Kantian judgments of necessity, disjunction, particularity and universality have counterpoints in contemporary conceptions of cognitive distortions. Moreover, Kantian epistemology has important therapeutic implications with respect to helping people with emotional disorders recognize and challenge rigidly held judgments or categories of understanding. The Kantian perspective also leads us to consider the cognitive frameworks or thought structures that underlie dysfunctional thinking patterns.     

Blood,ideology, science and the birth of the ISBT

The ISBT/SITS was founded at the second international congress of blood transfusion in Paris in 1937. The world was influenced heavily by totalitarian ideologies, which a.o. tried to use science to confirm their superiority. The Nazi ideology was built on peculiar speculations on human blood, race and heritage, but although similar ideas were widespread, our society was founded as a purely scientific organization independent of ideological influence. The designation ‘International’ initially signified ‘European’, but after the end of World War 2, our society has become more and more of a global one.