LINK BETWEEN OXIDATIVE STRESS AND INSULIN RESISTANCE

Many studies on oxidative stress,insulin resistance,and antioxidant treatment have shown that increased oxidative stress may accelerate the development of diabetic complications through the excessive glucose and free fatty acids metabolism in diabetic and insulin-resistant states.Many pathogenic mechanisms such as insulin receptor substrate phosphorylation are involved in insulin resistance induced by oxidative stress.And antioxidant treatments can show benefits in animal models of diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance.However,negative evidence from large clinical trials suggests that new and more powerful antioxidants need to be studied to demonstrate whether antioxidants can be effective in treating diabetic complications.Furthermore,it appears that oxidative stress is only one of the factors contributing to diabetic complications.Thus,antioxidant treatment would most likely be more effective if it were coupled with other treatments for diabetic complications.     

Stress analyses after femoral shaft osteotomy fixed by various plates with different rigidities in simulation test.

Three pairs of human cadaver femora were used for strain measurement under a weight-bearing simulation test, which was performed on intact bone and osteotomized bone fixed by 3 types of plates with different rigidities respectively. The plates with uniform thickness did not adhere to the uniform stress distribution along the plate. The stress between both central screw holes was significantly great. However, the device of trapezoidal plate conformed to the uniform stress distribution along it, and the safety factors of 3 different types of the plates were proposed. The osteotomy site was mainly subjected to compression stress in standing phase with load on both femora, but subjected to bending stress mostly with load on the single femur. The total compression strain at the osteotomy site was greater than that on intact bone while the load was adding over twice body weight with load on both legs, and nearly normal with load on one leg. We believe that the bone structural changes caused by stress shielding and limb disuse etc can be overcome by using optimal plate and normal weight bearing.

     

Antidepressant-Like Effects of Hesperidin in Animal Model of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Objective:Post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)is a psychiatric disorder characterized by depression and anxiety,that arises due to an imbalance of neurotransmitters in response to excessive stress.Hesperidin(HSD)is a naturally occurring flavonoid shown to exert a variety of biological activities,including antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and neuroprotective effects.Methods:This study was used the open field test(OFT)and forced swimming test(FST)to examine the effects of HSD on the depression-like response of rats after exposure to a single prolonged stress(SPS)leading to the dysregulation of the serotonergic activation system.Male rats were given HSD(20,50,and 100 mg/kg,intraperitoneal injection,n=6–7 per group)once daily for 14 days after exposure to SPS.The influence of administration of HSD on SPS-induced behavioral responses and concentrations of serotonin(5-HT),5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid(5-HIAA),and monoamine oxidase-A(MAO-A)in the rat brain were also investigated using enzyme-linked immunoassays(ELISAs).Results:Daily HSD administration significantly improved depression-like behaviors in the FST(P<0.05),increased the number of lines crossed in the central zone of the OFT(P<0.01),and reduced freezing behavior both in contextual and cued fear conditioning.HSD treatment also attenuated the reduction in SPS-induced 5-HT concentrations in the hippocampus and amygdala.This increase in 5-HT concentrations during HSD treatment was partially attributed to a decrease in the 5-HIAA/5-HT ratio in the hippocampus of rats with PTSD.Furthermore,HSD treatment inhibited activity of MAO-A and decreases of tryptophan hydroxylase-1 expression in the hippocampus.Conclusion:HSD was shown to exert antidepressant effects in rats exposed to SPS,suggesting that this natural flavonoid may be an effective medicine for PTSD.     

Evaluation wiht Computer of the Personnel Needed for Triage and Operation of the Wounded in Nuclear Warfare

When the troops are attacked by nuclear weapons, the number of the wounded and thetype and the condition of the wounds will change with the equivalence and the way of explosion, thenumber of soldiers taking part, the area of the disposition of the troops, and the conditions of protectionof the personnel. Whether the wounded by nuclear weapons who is pouring in enormous amountcan be correctly classified in time has a very important relation in enhancing the effect of the first-aidand the treatment later on. We worked out a programme about the defined types and criteria of thewounded by nuclear weapons beforehand to be stored into the microcomputer. After nuclear cxplo-sion, it is necessary only to input the known data into the microcomputer from the key-board, thecomputer will immediately tell the number of the wounded of various types, the number of peopleand the time needed to perform the triage task and the surgical personnel needed to performthe operations, so that medical supporting programme can be selected or adjusted on time and the ef-ficiency and quality of the triage and first-aid work can be improved.     

Treatment of Phlegm-and Heat-induced Insomnia by Acupuncture in 120 Cases

Clinical DataThe 120 cases in this series were outpatients sufferingfrom insomnia due to interior-stirring by phlegm-heat,ranging in age from 28 to 67 years.They wererandomly divided into a treatment group and acontrol group.In the treatment group,34 cases weremale and 26 female,aged 43.2 years on the average.In the control group,28 cases were male and 32female,aged 38.5 years on the average.     

军事应激研究进展与类战争心身应激模型建立的思考

Military stress is an important factor affecting the combat effectiveness of the army,so it is of great significance to carry out medical researches on this field.This paper reviewed the progress of military stress reported by our and foreign armies.Through our analysis,it is found that extreme psychology in combatlike stress is a key part of military stress medicine.Therefore,establishing a scientific and effective model of combat-like psychosomatic stress is essential to promote the development of medical researches in military stress.     

Three dimensional finite element analysis of acetabulum loaded by static stress and its biomechanical significance

Objective：To explore the mechanical behavior of acetabulum loaded by static stress and provide the mechanical basis for clinical analysis and judgement on acetabular mechanical distribution and effect of static stress. Methods：By means of computer simulation, acetabular three dimensional model was input into three dimensional finite element analysis software ANSYS7.0. The acetabular mechanical behavior was calculated and the main stress value, stress distribution and acetabular unit displacement in the direction of main stress were analyzed when anterior wall of acetabulum and acetabular crest were loaded by 1 000 N static stress. Results ：When acetabular anterior wall loaded by X direction and Z direction composition force, the stress passed along 4 directions： （1）from acetabular anterior wall to pubic symphysis along superior branch of pubis firstly, （2）from acetabular anterior wall to cacroiliac joint along pelvic ring, （3）in the acetabulum, （4）from the suffered point to ischium. When acetabular crest loaded by X direction and Y direction composition force, the stress transmitted to 4 directions： （1）from acetabular crest to ilium firstly, （2）from suffered point to cacroiliac joint along pelvic ring, （3） in the acetabulum , （4）along the pubic branch, but no stress transmitted to the ischium branch. Conclusion：Analyzing the stress distribution of acetabulum and units displacement when static stress loaded can provide internal fixation point for acetabular fracture treatment and help understand the stress distribution of acetabulum.     

Effect of Mizolastine on Release of Inflammatory Mediators in Sensitized Mice

Mizolastine is widely prescribed for acute allergic cutaneous diseases because of its powerful antihistamine activity. Moreover, it has been recently put forward that mizolastine might also be effective on other inflammatory and refractory disorders such as atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of mizolastine on the release of two kinds of inflammatory mediators and cytokines （Leukotriene B4 and Interleukin-5）, which play pivotal roles not only in chronic allergic diseases but also in inflammatory diseases. The study was performed using epidermis from mice stimulated by intradermal injection of substance P and splenocytes from mice sensitized by intraperitoneal administration of ovalbumin （OVA）. Competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） method was applied to examine the effects of mizolastine and the control drugs （chlorpheniramine, rolatadine and dexamethasone） on the release of Leukotriene B4 （LTB4） and Interleukin-5 （IL-5）. Mizolastine inhibited the release of LTB4 and IL-5 in epidermis as well as in splenocytes. The inhibitory effect was dose-dependent. Neither chlorpheniramine nor rolatadine showed inhibitory effects release from epidermis and splenocytes by mizolastine was not as strong as that by dexamethasone. Nevertheless, the results showed inhibitory effect of mizolastine over leukotriene and Th2 cytokines other than its anti-histamine effect. Thus, mizolastine seems to regulate on the release of inflammatory mediators and to have the potential to reorientate the T-cell response toward a balance between Th1 and Th2, which might have implications for the treatment of other inflammatory and chronic disorders.     

Homeopathic Thuja 30C ameliorates benzo（a）pyrene- induced DNA damage,stress and viability of perfused lung cells of mice in vitro

OBJECTIVE： To examine if the ultra-highly diluted homeopathic remedy Thuja 30C can ameliorate benzo（a）pyrene （BaP）-induced DNA damage, stress and viability of perfused lung cells of Swiss albino mice in vitro. METHODS： Perfused normal lung cells from mice were cultured in 5% Roswell Park Memorial Institute medium and exposed to BaP, a potent carcinogen, at the half maximal inhibitory concentration dose （2.2 μmol/L） for 24 h. Thereafter, the intoxicated cells were either treated with Thuja 30C （used against tumor or cancer） or its vehicle media, succussed alcohol 30C. Relevant parameters of study involving reactive oxygen species （ROS） accumulation, total glutathione （GSH） content, and generations of heat shock protein （hsp）-90 were measured; the cell viability and other test parameters were measured after treatment with either Thuja 30C or its vehicle media. Circular dichroism spectroscopy was performed to examine if Thuja 30C directly interacted with calf thymus DNA as target. For ascertaining if DNA damaged by BaP could be partially repaired and restituted by the remedy, 4＇,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining was performed. RESULTS： Thuja 30C increased cell viability of BaP-intoxicated cells significantly, as compared to drug-untreated or drug-vehicle control. A minimal dose of Thuja 30C significantly inhibited BaP-induced stress level, by down-regulating ROS and hsp-90, and increasing GSH content. Thuja 30C itself had no DNA-damaging effect, and no direct drug-DNA interaction. However, it showed quite striking ability to repair DNA damage caused by BaP. CONCLUSION： Thuja 30C ameliorates BaP-induced toxicity, stress and DNA damage in perfused lung cells of mice and it apparently has no effect on normal lung cells.     

Comparisons in finite element analysis of minimally invasive,locking,and non-locking plates systems used in treating calcaneal fractures of Sanders type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ

Background Calcaneal fractures are relatively common but complex,while the treatment of these fractures is still controversial.The objective of this study was to compare the biomechanical stability of minimally invasive,locking,and non-locking plating systems used for fixing Sanders type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ calcaneal fractures.Finite element analysis was used for comparing the three types of plating systems.This study helped in guiding the clinical management of calcaneal fractures.Methods The CT data acquired from a volunteer was used to construct a finite element model of calcaneus.The fracture lines were made according to Sanders type Ⅱ （A,B,C） and type Ⅲ （AB,AC,BC） and six calcaneal fractures models were constructed accordingly.Three fixation methods used in clinical treatment were simulated by design tools （minimally invasive plating with percutaneous screws,Y-size non-locking plating,and locking plating） and then fixed to these fracture models with the help of clinical principles.The single minimally invasive plating fixation was also tested to compare the function of percutaneous screws.Then,the neutral force was applied on established methods.The displacement and presses distribution condition in various plating models were analyzed and compared.Results The levels of displacement and compressive press on the bone around fixation or strains on plating were within the physiological limit,indicating that the three methods were suitable for application.Compared with the locked and unlocked plates,the minimally invasive plating caused a relatively lower displacement without the high stress in bone or fixation.The minimum stress in fixation was observed in locking plate as the distribution of stress was concentrated in the anterior part of locking plate.Conclusions The minimally invasive plating method could be a better alternative method in treating Sanders type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ calcaneal fractures.The observed stiffness of locking plate was not obviously stronger than unlocked plate.     

A Report for the Therapeutic Effects of Asthma Plaster in the Treatment of 139 Asthmatic Children

In June 1994,asthma plaster was developed,which has proved effective in the treatment of cold-type asthma by applying it on some acupoints,whichare known to be good for asthma.     

A Clinical Study on Haunglian Fire-Purging Mixture In Treatment of 46 Cases of Primary Hypertension

In order to observe the therapeutic effects of Huanglian Fire-Purging Mixture (黄连清降合剂) on primary hypertension, 46 cases of primary hypertension in the treatment group were treated with Huanglian Fire-Purging Mixture to clear away heat from the liver, relieve mental stress, purge fire and remove toxin;and the other 26 cases of primary hypertension in the control group were treated with Niuhuang Bolus for Lowering Blood Pressure (牛黄降压丸). The effect in the treatment group was obviously superior to that in the control group (P＜0.05). The Huanglian Fire-Purging Mixture shows noticeable effects 3-6 hours after medication. The mixture can improve the clinical symptoms, the left ventricular diastolic function and myocardial ischemia, correct dyslipoproteinemia and dysglycemia, and reduce blood viscosity. And it is safe and with no obvious adverse reactions.     

Clinical Analysis for the Acupuncture Treatment in 42 Cases of GoutyRenal Damage

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects of acupuncture on gouty renal damage. Method: 72 cases of gouty renal damage were randomly divided into a treatment group of 42 cases and a control group of 30 cases to observe the therapeutic effects and the changes in 24-hour urinary protein content, blood creatinine, uric acid and urea nitrogen in blood before treatment and one month after treatment. Results:The total effective rate in the treatment group reached 95.24%, which was remarkably higher than 63.33% in the control group. After one month of treatment, the indexes were found reduced in both groups, but the reduction rate in the treatment group was obviously superior to that in the control group.Conclusion: The patients with repeated attacks of gout may have a higher possibility to suffer from renal damage. Therefore, attention should be paid to its early diagnosis and treatment. Acupuncture may exert good therapeutic effects on early gout complicated with renal damage by adjusting the metabolism and improving the renal function.     

Effects of Shehuang Paste(麝黄膏) on hemodynamics, endotoxin, nitric oxide and endothelin-1 in patients with refractory cirrhotic ascites

Objective： To explore the influence of Shehuang Paste （麝黄膏, SHP） to the hemodynamics, endotoxin, nitric oxide （NO）, and endothelin-1 （ET-1） in patients with refractory cirrhotic ascites. Methods： Fifty-nine cases of refractory cirrhotic ascites were randomly assigned to two groups, 32 cases in the treatment group and 27 cases in the control group. The basic treatment was the same for both groups, including liver protecting medicines, diuretics and supportive drugs, but SHP navel sticking was applied for the treatment group additionally once a day. A course of one month of treatment was applied and the general efficacy on ascites was observed by the end of the therapeutic course. Before and after the treatment, examinations by limulus lysate chromogenic test was conducted to measure plasma endotoxin content; colorimetry to measure plasma content of NO indirectly, radioimmunoassay to measure plasma ET-1 content; and color Doppler ultrasonography to measure the blood flow of portal vein and splenic vein. The relationship between the blood flow of portal vein and splenic vein and endotoxin, NO and ET-1 in the treatment group was analyzed as well. Results： The total effective rate on ascites was 84.4% in the treatment group, and 48. 1% in the control group, with significant difference shown between them （P〈0.01）. In the treatment group the blood flow of portal vein and splenic vein, contents of endotoxin, NO and ET-1 all got significantly reduced after treatment （ P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）; while these indexes in the control group were not significantly changed （P〉0.05）. Moreover, it was found that in the treatment group, the blood flow of portal vein and splenic vein had a positive correlation to the levels of NO, ET-1, and endotoxin, either before or after treatment. Conclusion： Application of SHP navel sticking could clearly reduce the blood flow of portal vein and splenic vein, and lower the content of endotoxin, NO and ET-1. The blood flow of portal vein and splenic vein in the treatment group showed a positive correlation with the contents of endotoxin, NO and ET-1.     

Naloxone or Vagotomy Does Not Influence Centrally Octreotide-induced Inhibition of Gastric Acid Secretion in Rats

Octreotide is a long-acting somatostatin analogue with the similar bioactivity as somatostatin. It is clinically employed in the treatment of acromegaly, stress ulcer hemorrhage and other conditions[1]. In the basic research on the central effect of octreotide on gastric acid secre- tion there are few literatures available up to now. More- over, the outcome (stimulation or inhibition of gastric acid secretion) and the underlying mechanisms vary due to differences in routs of drug administratio…     

Evidence-Based Guidelines for the Treatment of Thrombosis

Thrombosis disease since the majority of doctors who agree to be harmful, increasing emphasis on the application of antithrombotic drugs. However, the organization always treatment, the dose of medication and treatment method based only on the efficacy of clinical experience and observation, it is not comprehensive enough and precise, and the breadth and depth of their use is restricted. 1986 American Thoracic physician College （Americin College of Chest Physicians. ACCP） has released guidelines for antithrombotic therapy, the use of antithrombotic treatment of rapid growthpopular guide clinicians of the importance of treatment, patients also benefited. The sixth meeting since the 2001 ACCP （ ACCP - 6 ）, antithrombotic treatment guidelines by their own national experts agree, and the widespread use of that technology into the international guidelines. Canada HIRSH. J professors to compile the ＂ Guide to the treatment of thrombosis,＂ fifth edition （ 2005 ）, a book reflects ACCP - 7 session （ September 2004） and more than 500 proposals of the international classification of antithrombotic therapy ： a meta - analysis of many experts, so thromboembolic disease was recommended treatments for a wide range of the level of evidence, identify the various antithrombotic treatment in a variety of situations and the pros. thus guiding physicians to make the best choice of treatment for patients. My understanding and treatment of thrombosis implemented late start, the fields where the lack of randomized trial data. develop more treatment programs rely on clinical experience may deviate from the principle of evidence - based medicine.     

Hydrangeae Dulcis Folium Attenuates Physical Stress by Supressing ACTH-Induced Cortisol in Zebrafish

Objective: To determine the effects of Hydrangeae Dulcis Folium(EHDF) on physical stress, changes in the whole-body cortisol level and behaviour in zebrafish(Danio rerio). Methods: One hundred and seventy-four fish were randomly divided into 4 [adrenocorticotropin hormone(ACTH) challenge test: 4 fish per group] or 6 groups(behavioural test: 10–12 fish per group, whole-body cortisol: 4 fish per group). Net handling stress(NHS) was used to induce physical stress. Fish were treated with vehicle or EHDF(5–20 mg/L) for 6 min before they were exposed to stress. And then, fish were sacrificed for collecting body fluid from whole-body or conducted behavioural tests, including novel tank test and open field test, and were evaluated to observe anxiety-like behaviours and locomotion. In addition, to elucidate the mode of action of the anti-stress effects of EHDF, ACTH(0.2 IU/g, i.p.) challenge test was performed. Results: The increased anxiety-like behaviours in novel tank test and open field test under stress were prevented by treatment with EHDF at 5–20 mg/L(P0.05). Moreover, compared with the unstressed group, which was not treated with NHS, the whole-body cortisol level was significantly increased by treatment with NHS(P0.05). Compared with the NHS-treated stressed control group, pre-treatment with EHDF at concentrations of 5–20 mg/L for 6 min significantly prevented the NHS-increased whole-body cortisol level(P0.05). In addition, ACTH challenge test showed that EHDF completely blocked the effects of ACTH on cortisol secretion(P0.05). Conclusion: EHDF may be a good antistress candidate and its mechanism of action may be related to its positive effects on cortisol release.     

Others—— Role of dynamic magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of female stress urinary incontinence

Objective To evaluate the application of dynamic magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis stress urinary incontinence （ SUI ） Methods magnetic resonance imaging of female Dynamic （DMRI） were performed on 30 healthy female volunteers and 35 female SUI patients DMRI of the pelvic floor at rest and on maximal strain were performed by using sagittal T2-weighted fast gradi ent sequences. The distance of Urethra-vesical junction to and angle of inclination at rest and on maximal of the urethral strain position axis were measured The t-value exact test were used to analyze the data.