飞行员饮酒情况调查与分析

目的研究我军飞行员饮酒现状。方法采用整群抽样的方法,使用AUDIT问卷调查我军96名飞行员的饮酒情况,并按年龄进行分组,对各组间的问卷分数、饮酒频率等进行检验,计量资料采用One-wayANOVA检验,计数资料采用卡方检验。结果 96名飞行员中饮酒率为95.83%,其中92名饮酒者中正常饮酒28人（30.43%）,危险及有害饮酒64人（69.57%）。饮酒种类主要以白酒和啤酒为主,分别是38人（41.30%）和42人（45.65%）;饮酒原因主要是聚会76人（82.61%）;并且〈30岁和30～40岁的饮酒飞行员AUDIT问卷平均分数与40岁以上饮酒飞行员AUDIT问卷平均分数之间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01,P〈0.05）,〈30岁和30～40岁的饮酒飞行员AUDIT问卷平均分数之间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论飞行员饮酒情况比较普遍,且随年龄增长,饮酒程度也逐渐加重,应尽早给予教育和干预。     

初级卫生保健中的简短干预可减少过度饮酒

在初级卫生保健中对饮酒者进行简短干预,即提出建议并给予支持,可减少过度饮酒以及由此导致的后果。这是Cochrane图书馆2007年第2期发     

γ-谷氨酰基转移酶与过量饮酒关系探讨

目的　通过观察GGT在过量饮酒患者中的活性分布,探讨GGT检测在对过量饮酒者酒精性疾病防治工作中的意义和价值。方法　过量饮酒者4 7例,采用罗氏公司生产的MODULAR全自动生化分析仪进行GGT测定。结果　4 7例过量饮酒者血清GGT含量明显高于对照组(P <0 .0 0 1) ,其中脂肪肝的患者GGT含量与非脂肪肝者有明显差异(P <0 .0 5 ) ,禁酒后血清GGT含量与禁酒前有明显差异(P <0 .0 0 1)。结论　对于过量饮酒者,血清GGT是敏感性很高的检测指标,GGT的监测有利于酒精性疾病的早期发现     

护士执行电话访视对心力衰竭患者预后的影响

目的:探讨护士执行电话访视对心力衰竭患者预后的影响效果.方法:选取符合心力衰竭诊断标准的患者24例,随机分为实验组和对照组各12例,实验组接受电话访视干预,访视内容包括再住院、生活质量及自理能力等;对照组接受常规治疗.结果:实验组心力衰竭患者再住院次数为11次,明显少于对照组19次;末次访视后实验组自理能力(SCBs)为126.08±8.53,对照组为105.58±10.24,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);实验组生活质量(QOL)为36.92±11.00,对照组为58.33±17.62,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论:护士对心力衰竭患者进行正式的电话访视将有助于患者控制症状,减少并发症,避免再住院,改善其生活质量及自理能力.     

吸烟和饮酒与脑血栓关系研究

为了解吸烟、饮酒这些危险因素在脑血栓发病中的作用，对２０５例住院脑血栓患者和２０５例外科系统住院患者，按年龄进行配对研究。结果：吸烟者在脑血栓疗例组在９１例，占４４％；在对照组为１０４例，占５１％，二者相比较Ｐ〉０．０５，无显著差异。饮酒者在脑血栓病例组为７９％，占３４％；在对照组为６１例，占３０％，二者相比较Ｐ〉０．０５，无显著差异。由此可知，脑血栓患者与吸烟、饮酒均无明显关系。     

阅读疗法对女性长期住院精神病患者的影响

目的探讨阅读疗法对长期住院女性精神病患者的影响。方法将60例女性精神病患者随机分为实验组(n=30)和对照组(n=30),实验组在日常精神病护理常规的基础上实行阅读治疗;对照组同期仅按精神科护理常规护理。干预前后分别对两组患者用护士用住院患者观察(NOSIE)量表进行评定。结果干预前两组NOSIE量表评分分值无显著差异(P>0.05);干预后实验组NOISS量表评分分值明显提高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);干预后实验组NOISS量表分值高于对照组,差异有显著性意义(P<0.01)。结论阅读疗法可显著改善女性精神病患者的身心状况,减轻病痛,提高生活质量。     

早期护理干预对脑出血昏迷患者促醒效果及并发症的影响

目的 分析脑出血昏迷患者采取早期护理干预服务对提升其促醒效果和减少并发症形成的影响.方法 对2017年4月—2019年9月本医院神经外科诊治的58例脑出血昏迷患者实施数据值调查,区分分组方法参考随机数字表方式,各个组别归入29例,实验组选择早期护理干预服务,对照组选择一般护理干预服务,统计患者促醒效果评估结果及并发症调查结果、患者家属满意状况调查结果.结果 各个组别护理干预前GCS评估分值经对比差异较小(P>0.05),实验组护理干预4周后GCS评估分值高于护理干预前与对照组(P<0.05);实验组并发症发生率低于对照组(P<0.05);实验组患者家属满意率高于对照组(P<0.05).结论 为脑出血昏迷患者选用早期护理干预服务有助于改善其促醒效果,降低并发症发生率.     

心理干预对肺癌化疗患者心理状况的影响

目的 探讨心理干预对肺癌化疗患者心理状况的影响.方法 将40例肺癌化疗患者随机分为对照组和实验组,每组20例,对照组进行常规健康教育,实验组进行心理干预.比较两组患者心理状况及化疗不良反应程度.结果实验组较对照组心理状况明显改善,化疗不良反应程度明显降低(P<0.05,P<0.01).结论 心理干预可明显改善肺癌化疗患者的心理状况,减少化疗不良反应发生.     

个性化心理干预计划表对妇科住院患者焦虑、抑郁的影响

目的：探讨个性化心理干预计划表对妇科住院产后抑郁患者焦虑、抑郁的影响。方法将57例妇科住院产后抑郁的患者随机分为实验组和对照组,对照组给予常规护理,实验组患者采用个性化心理干预计划表进行护理干预。对比分析两组患者护理效果。结果实验组护理后焦虑自评量表评分(8.39±1.62)分、抑郁自评量表评分(9.50±1.43)分明显低于对照组患者﹝(21.40±2.58)分、(23.41±3.38)分﹞,两组差异有统计学意义( P<0.05)。结论个体化心理干预计划表在产后抑郁症患者临床护理中的应用,可降低SAS评分与SDS评分,改善患者的心理状况。     

护理干预对手术患者术前应激反应的影响

目的探讨护理干预对改善手术患者术前应激反应的效果。方法将120例手术患者随机分为实验组60例,对照组60例。实验组在接受病房护士日常健康教育的基础上给予个体化的护理干预,对照组仅接收病房护士日常的健康教育,对2组患者在干预前、后分别给予应激状态的评价。结果干预前,实验组和对照组在焦虑、抑郁及心率、血压上的测评结果差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。护理干预后,实验组的心理应激状态下降幅度显著高于对照组测评结果显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。结论护理干预可以显著降低手术患者术前的心理应激状态。     

Nightly variation of disorder in a Canadian nightclub

Objective: This paper aims to study nightly disorder within a single bar over an extended period, in order to analyse variations across time (n = 258 nights). Methods: The security staff of a large Canadian nightclub agreed to note detailed information on every intervention in which they were involved. Bouncers wrote detailed narratives of each incident of aggression and incivility that occurred in the bar. Environmental characteristics (e.g. number of admissions and alcohol sales) were collected by one of the co-authors. Results: “Hot nights” were observed. The number of problem events was particularly high on Tuesday nights, which had the highest number of customers admitted and higher alcohol sales. The average alcohol sale per customer was also higher during long weekends, and alcohol sales were positively related to problem events. Finally, path analyses revealed that the presence of more bouncers was a deterrent. Conclusions: The level of disorder in a bar varies greatly over time. Contrary to what is often postulated, bars are not always high- or low-risk. The results strongly support responsible alcohol-serving policies and highlight the benefits of adequate surveillance.     

Vulnerable young people and alcohol use: a qualitative exploration

Background: Evidence suggests vulnerable young people are at a greater risk of alcohol engagement and have higher levels of substance misuse. However, research exploring alcohol use within populations of vulnerable young people is limited. Aims: The aim of the study was to explore young people’s attitudes to alcohol, seeking to gain insights into drinking practices within a group of educationally marginalised, and therefore vulnerable young people and their support staff. Methods: The views on alcohol use of 13 young people were explored through focus groups whilst the views of seven support staff were explored using semi-structured interviews. Findings: From an analysis based on grounded theory, a central theme of difficult lives appeared to mediate alcohol use in young people who are educationally marginalised. Young people appeared disengaged from parental/guardian support and placed an importance on social networks in facilitating social and peer support with the aim of gaining protection and a sense of escape. Conclusion: Educationally marginalised young people appear predisposed to an increased risk of engagement with alcohol. In their need for protection and support from daily hardships and isolation, they place greater importance of social membership, which in turn can increase the likelihood of engagement with alcohol.     

Predictors of hazardous drinking among home drinkers

Introduction and Aims: The United Kingdom has witnessed a shift from drinking in bars to drinking at home; to date, this phenomenon has received little international attention. The aim of this study was to examine the predictors of hazardous drinking (HD) levels when drinking at home. Design: An internet survey of university staff (n = 488) was given. Methods: Following an elimination process (p ≤ 0.05), a regression analysis was conducted using AUDIT scores as cutoffs of ≥6 females, and ≥8 males; these are consistent with most international research. Results: There were 286 hazardous drinkers (HD) (181, females 63.3%) and (105, males 36.7%). The variables that predicted HD were female (OR = 5.42 95% CI 1.87–15.66), younger age, greater frequency of consuming alcohol at home, preloading (drinking before going out), purchasing alcohol in an off license, and drinking alcohol at home because it is cheaper than drinking out. Discussion and Conclusions: These findings point to an interaction of gender, age purchasing patterns, and motivations contributing to hazardous drinking at home and indicate further profitable areas of national and international research.     

Depression as a mediator in the longitudinal relationship between psychological stress and alcohol use

Abstract

The study examined whether depression mediated the relationship between psychological stress on later alcohol use, and if differences in age, gender and rurality affected the relationship. Utilizing a 14-year study of 527 community-dwelling older adults, latent growth structural equation regression modeling was used to test if the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) mediated the relationship between the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Age, gender and distance from the city center were added to the model to determine their influence. Results indicated that depression mediated the relationship between stress and current alcohol use scores. This relationship remained when age, gender and distance from the city center were added into the model. Men had higher AUDIT values and lower PSS intercept scores, younger participants and participants living further from the city center had higher longitudinal averages of PSS values, while participants living closer to the city center had higher AUDIT values. In a sample of older, healthy participants, the relationship between psychological stress and alcohol use was mediated by depression over time.     

Drinking pattern as a predictor of cardiovascular harm: A longitudinal study using alternative drinking pattern measures

Background: This study compared measures of drinking pattern at baseline, and subsequent cardiovascular harm in a longitudinal study.

Method: In Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, a community sample of 1154 adult men and women was interviewed at baseline in 1990 and 1991, then followed with all‐cause surveillance. Cox proportional hazards regressions were used to assess the “time to event” for morbidity or mortality from coronary heart disease (CHD), hypertension, or other cardiovascular disease. Surveillance was through a 10‐year series of documented physician visits, hospital discharges and deaths, classified by diagnosis. Drinking pattern was defined as either ?8 drinks (80–120 g of alcohol or more) at a sitting in the past 12 months, a report of feeling the effects, or ?5 usual drinks/day.

Results: There were 104 individuals with CHD events in the data. When ?8 drinks at a sitting was the predictor, there were significant hazards for CHD among both men and women [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.32 and 1.07; p = 0.004 and 0.04], and marginally significant hazards for hypertension among men (HR = 1.40; p = 0.08). When feeling the effects or ?5 usual drinks/day were the predictors, there were no significant hazards of drinking pattern.

Conclusion: Eight or more drinks was a stronger predictor of cardiovascular harm in these data than were feeling the effects or ?5 usual drinks.     

Assessing alcohol use in college: is it time for a new approach to identify risky drinking behavior?

Abstract

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to demonstrate how traditional risky drinking indicators, such as binge drinking, are inefficient when identifying college students who are in need of alcohol-related services. Methods: Using data collected from the 2010 National College Health Assessment II (NCHA-II), the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of binge drinking was analyzed relative to experiencing negative alcohol-related consequences in the previous 12 months. Results: Despite a considerable mathematical advantage, binge drinking demonstrated a sensitivity of 0.80 and a specificity of 0.69. Additionally, more than 56% of the sample who were identified as binge drinkers did not experience a major negative consequence in the previous 12 months. Conclusions: Risky drinking indicators constructed solely of frequency, quantity and duration items have a limited capacity to discriminate at-risk college drinkers from the general student body. New indicators comprised of novel drinking behaviors are necessary to properly identify students at high risk.     

The addictions forum

Background: In the United States, more than 82% of people report using alcohol in their lifetime. The purpose of this study is to (1) examine gender, ethnicity, age and socio-economic status differences in alcohol consumption and (2) examine the relationship between age and average number of drinks per day as moderated by ethnicity.

Method: The data examined are from the 2010 Arizona Health Survey (n = 7700). Regression analysis was used to determine how demographics correlate with alcohol use. In addition, ethnicity mediates age and average number of drinks per day.

Results: Reported current alcohol use was highest among non-Hispanic whites compared to Hispanics and Native Americans. More non-Hispanic whites and Hispanics reported consuming alcohol than Natives; however, Natives were twice as likely to report heavy episodic drinking defined as averaging three or more drinks per day than non-Hispanic whites and Hispanics. Age and average number of drinks were moderated by ethnicity. Hispanics average less drinks as they age, non-Hispanic whites remain consistent throughout their lifetime and Native Americans average more drinks as they age.

Conclusions: These results provide a unique look at drinking patterns by ethnicity over the life course. Rates of drinking that may have been safe when someone was younger may no longer be safe as the person ages and health changes.     

Ten-year trends and differences in alcohol consumption among black and white female undergraduates

Background: Few studies have explored changing patterns of alcohol consumption among young females and differences based on race/ethnicity. Objective: This study examined differences in alcohol consumption between black and white undergraduate females and compared trends in three different measures of alcohol consumption over a 10-year period from 2004 to 2014. Methods: The CORE Alcohol and Drug Survey was used to collect data from female undergraduates attending a public university in the northeastern USA. Classes were randomly selected into the sample; class acceptance was 68% and student participation was 96%. The chi-square test examined differences between groups and the Cochrane Armitage Test for Trend assessed changes over time. Results: In 2014, for every measure of alcohol consumption examined, a significantly larger percentage of white females engaged in the behavior compared to black females. Trend analysis from 2004 to 2014 demonstrated a narrowing of this gap. Controlling for age, any alcohol use in past 30 days and binge drinking in the past 2 weeks increased significantly for black females 21 years or older. Any alcohol use in the past 30 days decreased significantly for white females under 21 years. Conclusion: These findings introduce many questions which should be explored through additional research.     

Examining the role of positive drinking consequences on the relationship between social anxiety and negative drinking consequences

Positive drinking consequences are gaining more attention in the college student drinking literature due to their degree of saliency in predicting hazardous drinking. However, the research is limited on the relationship between psychological constructs, such as social anxiety, and positive drinking consequences. The current study explored the moderating role of positive drinking consequences on the relationship between social anxiety and negative drinking consequences in a sample of hazardous drinking college students. A sample of 222 hazardous drinking undergraduate students completed measures of social anxiety and positive and negative drinking consequences. As predicted, social anxiety and positive consequences were positively related to negative consequences. Contrary to our predictions, interaction results revealed that students with more social anxiety reported more negative consequences when they reported fewer rather than more positive consequences. Thus, students with more social anxiety may not obtain the social benefits from drinking, which appears to be contributing to their experience of negative drinking consequences. Briefly, alcohol intervention clinicians should consider how to incorporate discussions of positive drinking consequences for these students to facilitate ways to foster social engagement while minimizing alcohol-related harm.