肺鳞癌中p53 与PCNA 的表达及临床意义

 目的 研究p53蛋白、增殖细胞核抗原(prolifeirating cell nuclear antigen PCNA)在肺鳞癌中的表达及其与临床病理的关系。方法 采用免疫组化技术(S-P法)对36例肺鳞癌组织及10例正常支气管黏膜组织进行p53蛋白与PCNA的检测。结果 p53蛋白与PCNA在肺鳞癌组织中的表达明显高于正常组织，在肺鳞癌组织中的阳性表达率分别为58．3％(21／36)，91．7％(33／36)；PCNA强阳性表达率为61．1％(22／36)；p53阳性表达率及PCNA强阳性表达率均与肺癌组织的分化程度、肿瘤组织大小、淋巴转移等因素密切相关，差异具有显著性(P<0．05)；p53蛋白阳性表达与PCNA阳性表达呈正相关(P<0．05)。结论 联合检测p53蛋白和PCNA对判断肺鳞癌的恶性程度、淋巴转移趋势具有重要价值。     

新疆汉、维族妇女乳腺良恶性病变中p53、IGF-IR及PCNA的异常改变及其病理学意义

目的 :检测汉族、维吾尔族 (简称汉、维族 )妇女乳腺良恶性病变中p53、IGF IR、PCNA的异常表达是否存在差异 ,并讨论其意义。方法 :应用免疫组化 (LSAB法 )检测 56例乳腺癌、38例乳腺病、2 5例乳腺导管乳头状瘤组织。结果 :p53、PCNA在癌组织中的阳性表达率 (58 9% ,98 2 % )明显高于良性病变 (4%～ 5 3 % ,76 %～78 9% ) (P <0 0 5) ;IGF IR在乳腺癌中的阳性表达率 (1 0 0 % )高于乳腺导管乳头状瘤 (88% ) (P <0 0 5) ;p53蛋白在汉族妇女乳腺癌中的表达 (67 6 % )高于维族妇女 (42 1 % ) ,但差异无统计学意义。p53蛋白、IGF IR、PCNA的阳性表达与乳腺癌患者的组织学分级、淋巴结转移状态无明显关系。结论 :1 p53、IGF IR和PCNA的过度表达可能参与乳腺良性病变恶性转化及乳腺癌的发生 ;2 p53突变在汉族妇女乳腺癌发生中起重要作用 ,在维族妇女乳腺癌的发生中可能还有除p53之外的其他原癌基因或抑癌基因的异常调控     

间叶组织肿瘤中增殖细胞核抗原、 p53、 Rb基因产物表达及意义

目的探讨间叶组织肿瘤中增殖细胞核抗原(proliferatingcellnuclearantigen,PCNA)、p53、Rb基因产物表达的相互关系及其意义。方法采用免疫组织化学LSAB法检测127例间叶组织肿瘤恶性组85例,良性组42例PCNA、p53、Rb基因产物表达情况。结果PCNA、p53、Rb基因产物在恶性组中的阳性表达率分别为84.7％(72/85),54.1％(46/85),58.8％(50/85);良性组中分别为40％(17/42),16.7％(7/42),21.4％(9/42)。良、恶性肿瘤间各种基因产物表达差异显著（P<0.0005）。PCNA在Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级恶性间叶组织肿瘤中的阳性表达率分别为62.9％（17/27）、94.2％（33/35）、95.6％（22/23）,Ⅰ级与Ⅱ、Ⅲ级间差异非常显著（P<0.01）;p53基因产物在Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级恶性间叶组织肿瘤中的阳性表达率分别为29.6％（8/27）、60％（21/35）、73.9％（17/23）,Ⅰ级与Ⅱ级、Ⅰ级与Ⅲ级间差异显著(分别为P<0.05,P<0.01）;Rb基因产物在Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级恶性间叶组织肿瘤中的阳性表达率分别为62.9％（17/27）、57.1％（20/35）、56.5％（13/23）,随分化程度降低,阳性表达率降低,但各组间无显著统计学差异（P>0.05）。恶性间叶组织肿瘤中PCNA/p53基因产物表达呈正相关（r=0.345,P<0.001）;Rb/p53基因产物表达呈正相关（r="0.219,"P<0.05）;PCNA/Rb基因产物表达无显著相关性（P>0.05）。结论①基因产物表达多样性与间叶组织肿瘤恶性程度相关;②检测间叶组织肿瘤PCNA、p53、Rb基因产物表达将有助于判断其恶性程度。     

PCNA和Ki-67在涎腺良、恶性多形性腺瘤中的表达及意义

目的:研究涎腺良、恶性多形性腺瘤的临床病理特点,生物学行为及细胞增殖活性,为其临床诊断及预后评估提供依据.方法:对114例涎腺良、恶性多形性腺瘤进行回顾性分析,对其中20例多形性腺瘤、9例多形性腺瘤生长活跃型及9例恶性多形性腺瘤采用SABC和LSAB免疫组化法观察增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)和增殖细胞核相关抗原(Ki-67)的表达和分布.结果:恶性多形性腺瘤的PCNA及Ki-67表达水平显著高于多形性腺瘤及多形性腺瘤生长活跃型,其PI值较后二者差异有显著性(P<0.01);良性多形性腺瘤的复发组PCNA和Ki-67的表达明显高于原发组,二者之间有显著性差异(P<0.01).结论:PCNA和Ki-67检测在判断多形性腺瘤恶性增殖方面有重要意义,对良性多形性腺瘤复发预测有重要的参考价值.     

p53蛋白与增殖细胞核抗原在胃癌中表达及其临床意义

目的研究p53、增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)在胄癌中的表达及其与临床病理和预后的关系.方法采用免疫组化技术(S-P法)对33例胃癌组织及20例正常胃粘膜组织进行p53、PCNA检测.结果 p53、PCNA阳性表达率分别为57.6%,93.9%;PCNA强阳性表达率为67.7%;p53阳性表达率及PCNA强阳性表达率均与胃癌组织类型、浸润深度、淋巴结转移密切相关.差异具有显著性(P＜0.05);p53蛋白表达与PCNA强阳性表达呈正相关.结论联合检测p53和PCNA对判断胃癌的恶性程度、浸润深度和淋巴结转移趋势和预后具有重要价值.     

p53蛋白、PCNA在胃癌中表达及其生物学行为关系的研究

目的研究p53蛋白、PCNA在胃癌中表达及其生物学行为的关系.方法采用免疫组化技术(S-P法)对53例胃癌细胞及20例正常胃粘膜组织进行p53蛋白、PCNA检测.结果 p53蛋白、PCnA阳性表达率分别为56.6%,92.5%,PCNA强阳性表达率占64.2%.p53阳性表达率及PCNA强阳性表达率均与胃癌组织类型、浸润深度、淋巴结转移密切相关.差异具有显著性(P＜0.05).p53蛋白与PCNA强阳性表达呈正相关.结论p53蛋白及PCNA表达与胃癌生物学行为密切相关,对判断胃癌预后具有重要临床意义.     

微管相关蛋白1轻链3在不同腮腺组织中的表达意义

目的探讨腮腺肿瘤组织中微管相关蛋白1轻链3(LC3)的表达和意义。方法收集2010年2月至2014年12月间唐山市古冶区中医医院住院治疗的67例腮腺肿瘤患者,其中腮腺多形性腺瘤35例,癌在多形性腺瘤32例,另取18例腺瘤旁组织作为对照。组织标本采用SP法染色,观察LC3的表达情况。结果癌在多形性腺瘤中、腮腺多形性腺瘤和腺瘤旁组织中LC3的阳性率分别为56.3%(18/32)、85.7%(30/35)、100.0%(18/18)。癌在多形性腺瘤组织中LC3的阳性率均低于后两者,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),而腮腺多形性腺瘤与腺瘤旁组织比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。癌在多形性腺瘤组织中LC3的表达与肿瘤直径、TNM分期和年龄、性别无关,与淋巴结转移有关。结论癌在多形性腺瘤中LC3的表达下调,提示自噬活性的下降可能与肿瘤的发生、发展及预后有关。     

脑胶质瘤中p14~(ARF)、MDM2及p53的表达及其意义

目的:探讨p14ARF、MDM2和p53蛋白在脑胶质瘤组织中的表达及p14ARF-MDM2-p53通路在胶质瘤进展中的意义。方法:应用免疫组化SP法检测25例Ⅱ级和23例Ⅳ级胶质瘤组织中-p14ARF、MDM2和-p53蛋白的表达,并分析其与胶质瘤组织学分级之间的关系。结果:Ⅱ级和Ⅳ级胶质瘤中,MDM2蛋白的阳性表达率分别为24.00%(6/25)及56.52%(13/23)(P=0.021),p53蛋白的阳性表达率分别为28.00%(7/25)及60.87%(14/23)(P=0.022),二者阳性表达率均随胶质瘤恶性程度的增加而升高,Spearman等级相关分析显示,MDM2、p53的表达与胶质瘤分级呈正相关;p14ARF的阳性表达率分别为76.00%(19/25)及34.78%(8/23)(P=0.004),其阳性表达率随胶质瘤恶性程度的增加而降低,Spearman等级相关分析显示,p14ARF的表达与胶质瘤分级呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论:脑胶质瘤组织中,MDM2和p53均呈不同程度的过度表达,且随恶性程度的增加表达水平增高;而p14ARF随恶性程度的增加而表达水平降低。MDM2扩增、p53突变及p14ARF蛋白低表达均与胶质瘤的进展有关。     

PCNA和Ki-67在涎腺良、恶性多形性腺瘤中的表达及意义

目的：研究涎腺良、恶性多形性腺瘤的临床病理特点,生物学行为及细胞增殖活性,为其临床诊断及预后评估提供依据。方法：对114例涎腺良、恶性多形性腺瘤进行回顾性分析,对其中20例多形性腺瘤、9例多形性腺瘤生长活跃型及9例恶性多形性腺瘤采用SABC和LSAB免疫组化法观察增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）和增殖细胞核相关抗原（Ki-67）的表达和分布。结果：恶性多形性腺瘤的PCNA及Ki-67表达水平显著高于多形性腺瘤及多形性腺瘤生长活跃型,其PI值较后二者差异有显著性（P〈0．01）;良性多形性腺瘤的复发组PCNA和Ki-67的表达明显高于原发组,二者之间有显著性差异（P〈0．01）。结论：PCNA和Ki-67检测在判断多形性腺瘤恶性增殖方面有重要意义,对良性多形性腺瘤复发预测有重要的参考价值。     

p53蛋白与PCNA在胸腺上皮性肿瘤中的表达及其意义

目的　探讨p5 3蛋白和增殖细胞核抗原 (PCNA )在胸腺上皮性肿瘤中表达的意义及相互关系。方法　采用S P免疫组化法 ,检测良性胸腺瘤 18例 ,恶性胸腺瘤 16例 ,胸腺癌 16例的 p5 3蛋白与PCNA的表达。 结果　p5 3蛋白和PCNA的Ⅲ～Ⅳ级指数在 3组胸腺上皮性肿瘤中阳性表达率分别为 3 3 .3 % ( 6/18) ,62 .5 % ( 10 /16) ,81.3 % ( 13 /16)和 3 8.9% ( 7/18) ,68.8% ( 11/16) ,81.3 % ( 13 /16) ,(P <0 .0 5 ) ;其阳性表达率与临床分期、淋巴结转移密切相关 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　p5 3蛋白和PCNA阳性表达率可提示肿瘤恶性程度及其侵袭力和转移能力。     

Cytologic classification of precancer and cancer of the endometrium and esophagus and of malignant lymphomas

The paper discusses cytological classifications of precancer and cancer of the endometrium, esophagus and malignant lymphomas presented by cytologists from five Soviet research institutes of oncology. The classifications were based on the data of 4400 cases in conformity with WHO histologic classifications.     

E-钙粘蛋白及PTEN基因编码蛋白与胃癌浸润转移

目的:观察抑癌基因PTEN蛋白和ECD在胃癌组织中的表达,探讨其与胃癌生物学行为及预后的关系。方法:以兔抗人PTEN多克隆抗体、鼠抗人ECD单克隆抗体,采用SABC免疫组化法,检测100例胃癌手术切除标本中拟测指标的表达。以χ2和Logrank检验对结果做统计学分析。结果:ECD、PTEN蛋白在非癌胃粘膜中均见表达;在胃癌组织中表达下调或缺失。ECD异常表达率为42.0%;弥漫型胃癌异常表达率(48.57%),明显高于肠型胃癌(26.67%),(P<0.05);ECD异常表达与浸润深度有关(P<0.05)。胃癌组织中PTEN蛋白缺失率为59%;弥漫型胃癌缺失率(65.71%)明显高于肠型胃癌(43.33%),(P<0.05);伴淋巴结转移的胃癌缺失率(64.47%)明显高于无淋巴结转移者(41.67%),(P<0.05);PTEN蛋白缺失的患者比阳性表达者预后差(P=0.0066)。65.85%PTEN阳性表达者同时伴ECD正常表达。结论:两种标志物与胃癌浸润转移有关,PTEN表达与胃癌患者预后密切相关。将两种指标联合检测,可作为正确判断胃癌患者预后,指导临床治疗的分子生物学指标。     

Schwannomas of Head and Neck and Review of Literature

Benign nerve cell tumours have been given various names like schwannoma, neurilemmoma, neurinoma, neurofibroma, spindle cell tumours etc. Extra cranial head and neck schwannomas usually present as solitary and well-demarcated lesions. The lesion can cause secondary symptoms, such as nasal obstruction, dysphasia, and hoarseness, depending upon the location of the lesion. Fine needle aspiration cytology, CT scans, and MRI may be of limited help in the diagnosis of schwannomas. The treatment is complete surgical excision of the benign tumour and postoperative histopathological examination establishes the final diagnosis.     

世界卫生组织骨质疏松症防治工作报告和防治建议

引 言 作为对第51号综合处理非传染性疾病预防与控制的世界卫生组织决议的反应,1998年7月WHO成立了致力于不断完善对骨质疏松预防和治疗策略的工作小组。小组成员来自世界各国致力于骨质疏松研究的知名专家。Harry K.Genant为本届主席。这一项世界范围内的骨质疏松教育计划旨在通过世界范围的研究,不断改善对骨质疏松的诊断水平和发展并完善对骨质疏松病人的合理治疗。其重点将以发展中国家为主。并为各国政府及其卫生部门和病人群体提供世界性有关骨质疏松症的总体的、完整的指导性资料。该项研究、教育计划的实施将由世界各国的骨质疏松症研究和治疗机构共同完成,并经权威学术机构、政府和非政府组织进行有针对性的回顾研究,最终由WHO审议通过。     

Prospective study of fruit and vegetable consumption and incidence of colon and rectal cancers

BACKGROUND: Frequent consumption of fruit and vegetables has been associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer in many observational studies. METHODS: We prospectively investigated the association between fruit and vegetable consumption and the incidence of colon and rectal cancers in two large cohorts: the Nurses' Health Study (88 764 women) and the Health Professionals' Follow-up Study (47 325 men). Diet was assessed and cumulatively updated in 1980, 1984, 1986, and 1990 among women and in 1986 and 1990 among men. The incidence of cancer of the colon and rectum was ascertained up to June or January of 1996, respectively. Relative risk (RR) estimates were calculated with the use of pooled logistic regression models accounting for various potential confounders. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: With a follow-up including 1 743 645 person-years and 937 cases of colon cancer, we found little association of colon cancer incidence with fruit and vegetable consumption. For women and men combined, a difference in fruit and vegetable consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with a covariate-adjusted RR of 1.02 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.98-1.05). A difference in vegetable consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with an RR of 1.03 (95% CI = 0.97-1.09). Similar results were obtained for women and men considered separately. A difference in fruit consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with a covariate-adjusted RR for colon cancer of 0.96 (95% CI = 0.89-1.03) among women and 1. 08 (95% CI = 1.00-1.16) among men. For rectal cancer (total, 244 cases), a difference in fruit and vegetable consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with an RR of 1.02 (95% CI = 0.95-1.09) in men and women combined. None of these associations was modified by vitamin supplement use or smoking habits. CONCLUSIONS: Although fruits and vegetables may confer protection against some chronic diseases, their frequent consumption does not appear to confer protection from colon or rectal cancer.     

A comparative study of knowledge and awareness of colorectal and breast cancerA comparative study of knowledge and awareness of colorectal and breast cancer

Aims: To assess and compare knowledge and awareness of colorectal cancer and breast cancer in a sample of the general population. Methods: Eleven hundred visitors to six different outpatient clinics, in a University Hospital, were given a study-specific questionnaire, based on educational material from the British Association of Cancer United Patients (CancerBACUP). The questionnaire consisted of 12 statements on the incidence, presentation, detection, treatment and prognosis of colorectal and breast cancer. Results: One thousand and sixty-eight individuals returned the questionnaire. One thousand and four completed questionnaires were analysed. The mean age (SD) of respondents was 50.1 (17.2) years, and the male to female ratio was 2:3. Respondents had read more about breast than about colorectal cancer (60.3%vs 32.4%,P <0.0001, McNemar's test). The proportion of correct answers for each statement on breast cancer was higher than for answers to corresponding items on colorectal cancer. Mean overall scores (95% CI) for breast and colorectal cancer were 88.1 (86.9, 89.2) and 64.4 (62.5, 66.3) respectively, the mean difference (95% CI) being 23.7 (22.0, 25.5). Scores were higher for breast cancer irrespective of age or gender. Conclusion: There is a low level of understanding of colorectal cancer in the general population when compared to breast cancer. This highlights the importance of public education in this common cancer.     

Quality of life and care in leukemia,myeloma and non-malignant disease. Opinions of patients and relatives,and effects of geography and time

In a questionnaire study 140 subjects answered 4200 questions in 1980 and 1986. They consisted of patients with myeloma, acute leukemia, lung carcinoma, and non-malignant disease and their relatives. In 22 additional cases the questionnaire was not answered. The results show that myeloma patients are less content with the general care than leukemia patients (P < 0.05). Similarly, relatives of deceased myeloma patients are less satisfied with the information given to them than relatives of deceased leukemia patients (P < 0.001). The information has improved with time, however, since the patients were more satisfied in 1986 than in 1980 (P < 0.001) and relatives of myeloma patients still alive were more satisfied than relatives of patients who had died earlier (P < 0.001).     

甲状腺手术的技巧及副损伤的预防和处置

鉴于甲状腺手术是普外科的常见手术，为求其日渐完美，以有益于病人，现根据作者的体会，并结合阅读相关文献，就其手术操作、喉返神经处理、甲状旁腺处理进行扼要阐述。