PCNA和Ki-67在涎腺良、恶性多形性腺瘤中的表达及意义

目的：研究涎腺良、恶性多形性腺瘤的临床病理特点,生物学行为及细胞增殖活性,为其临床诊断及预后评估提供依据。方法：对114例涎腺良、恶性多形性腺瘤进行回顾性分析,对其中20例多形性腺瘤、9例多形性腺瘤生长活跃型及9例恶性多形性腺瘤采用SABC和LSAB免疫组化法观察增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）和增殖细胞核相关抗原（Ki-67）的表达和分布。结果：恶性多形性腺瘤的PCNA及Ki-67表达水平显著高于多形性腺瘤及多形性腺瘤生长活跃型,其PI值较后二者差异有显著性（P〈0．01）;良性多形性腺瘤的复发组PCNA和Ki-67的表达明显高于原发组,二者之间有显著性差异（P〈0．01）。结论：PCNA和Ki-67检测在判断多形性腺瘤恶性增殖方面有重要意义,对良性多形性腺瘤复发预测有重要的参考价值。     

p53及PCNA在涎腺多形性腺瘤组织中的表达及临床意义

目的 探讨p53及PCNA蛋白在涎腺良、恶性多形性腺瘤组织中的表达及其临床意义.方法 应用免疫组化S-P法,检测25例恶性多形性腺瘤(MPA)、35例良性多形性腺瘤(PA)、22例腮腺正常组织中 p53和PCNA蛋白表达.结果 p53及PCNA蛋白表达在恶性多形性腺瘤分别为32.00%(8/25)和56.00%(14/25),在良性多形性腺瘤组织中的阳性表达率分别为17.14%(6/35)和22.86%(8/35),在腮腺正常组织的阳性表达率分别为0%(0/22)和9.09%(2/22),p53、PCNA在良、恶性多形性腺瘤组织中的阳性表达率显著高于腮腺正常组织(P<0.05).结论 p53、PCNA蛋白的过度表达可能与良、恶性多形性腺瘤发生发展有关.     

PCNA和Ki-67在脑膜瘤组织中的表达及其意义

目的：探讨增殖细胞抗原（PCNA）和Ki-67核抗原在脑膜瘤中的表达及其与肿瘤良、恶性及复发的关系。方法:采用LSAB法检测80例脑膜瘤组织中PCNA和Ki-67的表达。结果：恶性脑膜瘤PCNA标记指数（PCNALI）和Ki-67标记指数（Ki-67LI)明显高于良性脑膜瘤（P＜0．01）和非典型性脑膜瘤（P＜0．05），复发脑膜瘤PCNA LI显著高于未复发脑膜瘤（P＜0．01），复发脑膜瘤Ki-67LI也显著高于未复发脑膜瘤（P＜0．01），Ki-67表达与PCNA表达呈正相关。结论：脑膜瘤细胞标记指数可作为判断脑膜瘤良；恶性的客观指标之一，标记指数对预测脑膜瘤的复发有一定意义。     

Ezrin蛋白、iNOS在涎腺多形性腺瘤恶性增殖中的意义

背景与目的：Ezrin蛋白、诱导型一氧化氮合酶（inducible nitric oxide synthase,iNOS）在肿瘤的增殖以及肿瘤侵袭转移过程中起重要调节作用。本研究旨在探讨Ezrin蛋白、iNOS在涎腺多形性腺瘤（pleomorphic adenoma,PA）组织中的表达及其与肿瘤恶性增殖的关系。方法：应用免疫组化SP法检测40例普通型PA、25例生长活跃型PA及11例恶性PA中Ezrin蛋白、iNOS和Ki．67核抗原的表达及细胞定位。结果：Ezrin蛋白、iNOS在普通型、生长活跃型PA及恶性PA中的表达分别依次上升,其差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,Ezrin蛋白与iNOS表达有相关性（P〈0．05）;Ki-67增殖指数（Ki．67 proliferation index,Ki-67 PI）随Ezrin蛋白、iNOS表达上升而增加（P〈0．05）。结论：Ezrin蛋白和iNOS的过表达可能与多形性腺瘤的增殖、恶性转化有关。     

Ki-67和增殖细胞核抗原在鼻腔内翻性乳头状瘤组织中的表达及意义

目的 探讨鼻腔内翻性乳头状瘤组织中Ki-67抗原和增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)的表达及差异,以寻找能较好准确灵敏表达鼻腔内翻性乳头状瘤增殖活性的指标。方法 应用免疫组化S-P法检测30例鼻腔内翻性乳头状瘤、15例鼻息肉及10例鼻腔鳞状细胞癌组织中Ki-67和PCNA的表达。显微镜下(400×)分别计数Ki-67、增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)阳性细胞数占计数细胞总数的百分比,作为Ki-67、PCNA阳性指数(Ki-67-LI和PCNA-LI)。结果 鼻息肉、鼻腔内翻性乳头状瘤及鼻腔鳞癌组织中Ki-67阳性指数及PCNA阳性指数分别为:2.3±2.1和5.4±5.2;11.3±4.1和29.9±10.2;35.1±6.9和62.8±17.7,统计分析表明差异均有显著性(P<0.01)。结论 Ki-67-LI和PCNA-LI与肿瘤病理类型有很好的一致性,二者可分别作为反映鼻腔内翻性乳头状瘤增殖活性的指标。     

骨肉瘤P21^WAF1蛋白、PCNA与Ki—67的表达及其意义

目的：研究骨肉瘤组织中P21^WAF1蛋白、增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）、Ki-67蛋白的表达，及其与骨肉瘤的发生、发展之间的关系及对预后的影响。方法：用免疫组化LSAB法检测P21^WAF1蛋白、增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）、Ki-67蛋白在骨肉瘤中的表达。结果：45例骨肉瘤中，P21^WAF1有8例阳性表阳，阳性率为17.77%；PCNA均有表达，阳性率为100%；Ki-67有27例阳性表达，阳性率为60%。结论：P21^WAF1的低表达、PCNA、Ki-67的高表达，从一个侧面反映了骨肉瘤的恶性程度较高，检测P21^WAF1蛋白、增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA)、Ki-67蛋白等多个指标可较全面反映骨肉瘤的恶性程度的高低及患者的预后情况。     

涎腺癌中增殖细胞核抗原的表达及意义

目的探讨增殖细胞核抗原(proliferating cell nuclear antigen PCNA)在涎腺癌中的表达及临床病理学意义.方法采用免疫组化S-P法检测62例涎腺癌(10例恶性混合瘤;20例腺样囊性癌;32例粘液表皮样癌)中PCNA表达情况.结果PCNA在不同类型的涎腺癌中表现出不同的表达水平及分布特征,PCNA阳性程度与肿瘤的组织学分级及临床行为(复发、转移)明显相关.结论涎腺癌中PCNA表达水平与细胞分化有关;PCNA指数可作为粘液表皮样癌病理分级的重要参数;PCNA高表达可能是涎腺癌预后不良的标志.     

腮腺多形性腺瘤术后复发的生物学活性研究

目的探讨Ki-67、p16与腮腺多形性腺瘤术后复发生物学行为的相关性。方法应用EnVision免疫组织化学方法,检测Ki-67、p16在腮腺多形性腺瘤术后复发者第一次(复发前)手术、第二次(复发后)手术标本未复发者手术标本中的表达。结果Ki-67在复发者第一、二次手术与未复发者标本中的表达有显著性差异(P<0.05),在复发者第一、二次手术标本中的表达无显著性差异(P>0.05);p16在复发者第一次手术与未复发者标本中的阳性强度表达构成比有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论腮腺多形性腺瘤术后复发与其自身的生物学活性有关。     

PCNA、Ki-67在腮腺肿瘤中的表达

目的　研究增殖细胞核抗原 (PCNA )、增殖细胞核相关抗原 (Ki 67)在人体腮腺及其肿瘤中的表达 ,探讨PCNA、Ki 67与不同病理分级腮腺肿瘤间的关系 ,并预测其预后。方法　将已经病理诊断的 3 2例腮腺组织标本分成正常、良性、低度恶性及高度恶性 4个组 ,采用免疫组化法测定其细胞中PCNA及Ki 67的阳性表达率 ,并进行比较。结果　PCNA及Ki 67阳性表达率 :高度恶性组最高 ,且高于低度恶性组 ;良性组较低 ,但高于正常组 ;四组间阳性表达率有非常显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　PCNA及Ki 67的表达与腮腺肿瘤病理分级密切相关 ,并能预测腮腺肿瘤预后     

PCNA在唾腺多形性腺瘤的表达及其临床意义

本文应用免疫组织化学技术测定人唾腺多形性腺瘤中增殖细胞核抗原（poNA）的表达情况，探讨其临床意义。方法选用浙江大学附属第二医院1985年至1993年门诊或病房手术切除标本，其中良性多形性腺瘤32例（其中复发12例），恶性多形性腺癌11例（其中复发5例），10例正常唾腺组织。所有组织均为10％福尔马林固定，石蜡包埋切片，采用免疫组织化学SP法，作PCNA标记、DAN显色，并设阳性对照和阴性对照组，试剂peNA－PC10及SP试剂盒均购自福建迈新生物技术公司。阳性判断和阳性标准：PCNA阳性标记均位于细胞核内，胞浆阴性，阳性标准以高…     

Cytologic classification of precancer and cancer of the endometrium and esophagus and of malignant lymphomas

The paper discusses cytological classifications of precancer and cancer of the endometrium, esophagus and malignant lymphomas presented by cytologists from five Soviet research institutes of oncology. The classifications were based on the data of 4400 cases in conformity with WHO histologic classifications.     

E-钙粘蛋白及PTEN基因编码蛋白与胃癌浸润转移

目的:观察抑癌基因PTEN蛋白和ECD在胃癌组织中的表达,探讨其与胃癌生物学行为及预后的关系。方法:以兔抗人PTEN多克隆抗体、鼠抗人ECD单克隆抗体,采用SABC免疫组化法,检测100例胃癌手术切除标本中拟测指标的表达。以χ2和Logrank检验对结果做统计学分析。结果:ECD、PTEN蛋白在非癌胃粘膜中均见表达;在胃癌组织中表达下调或缺失。ECD异常表达率为42.0%;弥漫型胃癌异常表达率(48.57%),明显高于肠型胃癌(26.67%),(P<0.05);ECD异常表达与浸润深度有关(P<0.05)。胃癌组织中PTEN蛋白缺失率为59%;弥漫型胃癌缺失率(65.71%)明显高于肠型胃癌(43.33%),(P<0.05);伴淋巴结转移的胃癌缺失率(64.47%)明显高于无淋巴结转移者(41.67%),(P<0.05);PTEN蛋白缺失的患者比阳性表达者预后差(P=0.0066)。65.85%PTEN阳性表达者同时伴ECD正常表达。结论:两种标志物与胃癌浸润转移有关,PTEN表达与胃癌患者预后密切相关。将两种指标联合检测,可作为正确判断胃癌患者预后,指导临床治疗的分子生物学指标。     

世界卫生组织骨质疏松症防治工作报告和防治建议

引 言 作为对第51号综合处理非传染性疾病预防与控制的世界卫生组织决议的反应,1998年7月WHO成立了致力于不断完善对骨质疏松预防和治疗策略的工作小组。小组成员来自世界各国致力于骨质疏松研究的知名专家。Harry K.Genant为本届主席。这一项世界范围内的骨质疏松教育计划旨在通过世界范围的研究,不断改善对骨质疏松的诊断水平和发展并完善对骨质疏松病人的合理治疗。其重点将以发展中国家为主。并为各国政府及其卫生部门和病人群体提供世界性有关骨质疏松症的总体的、完整的指导性资料。该项研究、教育计划的实施将由世界各国的骨质疏松症研究和治疗机构共同完成,并经权威学术机构、政府和非政府组织进行有针对性的回顾研究,最终由WHO审议通过。     

Schwannomas of Head and Neck and Review of Literature

Benign nerve cell tumours have been given various names like schwannoma, neurilemmoma, neurinoma, neurofibroma, spindle cell tumours etc. Extra cranial head and neck schwannomas usually present as solitary and well-demarcated lesions. The lesion can cause secondary symptoms, such as nasal obstruction, dysphasia, and hoarseness, depending upon the location of the lesion. Fine needle aspiration cytology, CT scans, and MRI may be of limited help in the diagnosis of schwannomas. The treatment is complete surgical excision of the benign tumour and postoperative histopathological examination establishes the final diagnosis.     

Prospective study of fruit and vegetable consumption and incidence of colon and rectal cancers

BACKGROUND: Frequent consumption of fruit and vegetables has been associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer in many observational studies. METHODS: We prospectively investigated the association between fruit and vegetable consumption and the incidence of colon and rectal cancers in two large cohorts: the Nurses' Health Study (88 764 women) and the Health Professionals' Follow-up Study (47 325 men). Diet was assessed and cumulatively updated in 1980, 1984, 1986, and 1990 among women and in 1986 and 1990 among men. The incidence of cancer of the colon and rectum was ascertained up to June or January of 1996, respectively. Relative risk (RR) estimates were calculated with the use of pooled logistic regression models accounting for various potential confounders. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: With a follow-up including 1 743 645 person-years and 937 cases of colon cancer, we found little association of colon cancer incidence with fruit and vegetable consumption. For women and men combined, a difference in fruit and vegetable consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with a covariate-adjusted RR of 1.02 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.98-1.05). A difference in vegetable consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with an RR of 1.03 (95% CI = 0.97-1.09). Similar results were obtained for women and men considered separately. A difference in fruit consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with a covariate-adjusted RR for colon cancer of 0.96 (95% CI = 0.89-1.03) among women and 1. 08 (95% CI = 1.00-1.16) among men. For rectal cancer (total, 244 cases), a difference in fruit and vegetable consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with an RR of 1.02 (95% CI = 0.95-1.09) in men and women combined. None of these associations was modified by vitamin supplement use or smoking habits. CONCLUSIONS: Although fruits and vegetables may confer protection against some chronic diseases, their frequent consumption does not appear to confer protection from colon or rectal cancer.     

Quality of life and care in leukemia,myeloma and non-malignant disease. Opinions of patients and relatives,and effects of geography and time

In a questionnaire study 140 subjects answered 4200 questions in 1980 and 1986. They consisted of patients with myeloma, acute leukemia, lung carcinoma, and non-malignant disease and their relatives. In 22 additional cases the questionnaire was not answered. The results show that myeloma patients are less content with the general care than leukemia patients (P < 0.05). Similarly, relatives of deceased myeloma patients are less satisfied with the information given to them than relatives of deceased leukemia patients (P < 0.001). The information has improved with time, however, since the patients were more satisfied in 1986 than in 1980 (P < 0.001) and relatives of myeloma patients still alive were more satisfied than relatives of patients who had died earlier (P < 0.001).     

A comparative study of knowledge and awareness of colorectal and breast cancerA comparative study of knowledge and awareness of colorectal and breast cancer

Aims: To assess and compare knowledge and awareness of colorectal cancer and breast cancer in a sample of the general population. Methods: Eleven hundred visitors to six different outpatient clinics, in a University Hospital, were given a study-specific questionnaire, based on educational material from the British Association of Cancer United Patients (CancerBACUP). The questionnaire consisted of 12 statements on the incidence, presentation, detection, treatment and prognosis of colorectal and breast cancer. Results: One thousand and sixty-eight individuals returned the questionnaire. One thousand and four completed questionnaires were analysed. The mean age (SD) of respondents was 50.1 (17.2) years, and the male to female ratio was 2:3. Respondents had read more about breast than about colorectal cancer (60.3%vs 32.4%,P <0.0001, McNemar's test). The proportion of correct answers for each statement on breast cancer was higher than for answers to corresponding items on colorectal cancer. Mean overall scores (95% CI) for breast and colorectal cancer were 88.1 (86.9, 89.2) and 64.4 (62.5, 66.3) respectively, the mean difference (95% CI) being 23.7 (22.0, 25.5). Scores were higher for breast cancer irrespective of age or gender. Conclusion: There is a low level of understanding of colorectal cancer in the general population when compared to breast cancer. This highlights the importance of public education in this common cancer.     

甲状腺手术的技巧及副损伤的预防和处置

鉴于甲状腺手术是普外科的常见手术，为求其日渐完美，以有益于病人，现根据作者的体会，并结合阅读相关文献，就其手术操作、喉返神经处理、甲状旁腺处理进行扼要阐述。