射干化学成分的分离与鉴定

目的分离并鉴定射干(Belamcandachinensis(L.)DC.)中的化学成分,以寻求具有活性的化合物,为中药新药研发奠定基础。方法采用硅胶柱色谱、聚酰胺柱色谱、羟丙基葡聚糖凝胶柱色谱、重结晶等多种分离方法,对射干的乙醇提取物进行分离;根据理化性质和波谱学数据鉴定其化学结构。结果分离鉴定了9个化合物,分别为次野鸢尾黄素(irisfloretin,1)、β-胡萝卜苷(β-daucos-terol,2)、白射干素(dichotomitin,3)、野鸢尾黄素(irigenin,4)、鸢尾苷元(tectorigenin,5)、β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol,6)、罗布麻宁(apocynin,7)、尿嘧啶核苷(uridine,8)、环阿尔廷醇(cycloartanol,9)。结论化合物8、9为首次从射干属植物中分离得到。     

射干异黄酮类化合物的分离与结构鉴定

目的研究中药射干[Belamcanda chinensis(L.)DC.]乙醇提取物中的化学成分。方法应用多种柱色谱方法进行分离和纯化,根据NMR和MS等波谱解析确定化合物结构。结果从射干根茎的乙醇提取物中分离出5个化合物,分别鉴定为:3′-羟基鸢尾苷(1)、鸢尾苷(2)、野鸢尾苷(3)i、ristectorin A(4)和异阿魏酸(5)。结论化合物1、5为首次从该属植物中分离得到,首次对化合物1的核磁信号进行归属。     

川射干黄酮胶囊的化学成分研究

目的:研究川射干黄酮胶囊的化学成分。方法:采用硅胶柱层析,Sephadex LH-20等色谱手段进行化学成分分离,根据其理化性质和波谱数据鉴定化合物结构。结果:从川射干黄酮胶囊中分离、鉴定了出11个单体化合物,分别为射干苷、射干苷元、野鸢尾苷、二甲基射干苷元、染料木素、软脂酸、十四酸、4’-羟基-3-甲氧基苯乙酮、胡萝卜苷、β-谷甾醇、白藜芦醇。结论:所有分离出的化合物为川射干黄酮胶囊的药理作用阐明了物质基础。     

射干主根与须根中6种异黄酮类成分的含量比较

目的用HPLC法测定射干主根与须根中射干苷、野鸢尾苷、鸢尾黄素、野鸢尾黄素、次野鸢尾黄素及白射干索6种异黄酮类成分的含量。方法色谱柱：KromasilC18（250mm×4．6mm,5μm）;流动相：0．2％磷酸水溶液（A）和乙腈（B）,梯度洗脱,检测波长265nm,柱温：30℃,流速1．0mL·min-1。结果射干主根中射干苷和鸢尾黄素的含量远远高于须根,主根和须根中野鸢尾苷、野鸢尾黄素和白射干素的含量相差不大（主根略高于须根）,而须根中次野鸢尾黄素的含量稍高于主根。结论该方法能准确简便地分析射干中6种成分的含量,可为射干药材的合理用药提供一定的科学依据。     

高效液相色谱法测定射干利咽口服液中射干苷、次野鸢尾黄素的含量

目的建立高效液相色谱同时测定射干利咽口服液中射干苷、次野鸢尾黄素含量的方法。方法采用Dia-monsil C18（4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm）色谱柱,流动相为乙腈（A）-0.1%磷酸（B）（pH=2.25）,进行梯度洗脱,0 min：20%（A）;20 min：60%（A）;40 min：20%（A）;流速：1.0 mL·min^-1;进样量：20μL;紫外检测波长：265 nm;柱温：室温。结果射干苷和次野鸢尾黄素保留时间分别为20.5和35.5 min,与各自相邻峰的分离度均〉1.5。以峰面积对进样浓度（ng·mL^-1）线性回归,射干苷回归方程：Y=7 485.5X＋82.95,r=0.999 7,线性范围：150-3 000 ng·mL^-1;次野鸢尾黄素回归方程：Y=2 031X-78.14,r=0.999 9,线性范围：50-1 000 ng·mL^-1。射干苷和次野鸢尾黄素的回收率分别为97.2%和98.7%、RSD分别为2.1%和2.8%。结论本方法操作简便,测定结果准确可靠,可用于射干利咽口服液中射干苷、次野鸢尾黄素的含量测定。     

8种黄酮类成分的LC-MS/MS分析

目的：为了探讨液相色谱-质谱联用（LC-MS）技术在天然产物成分分析中的应用,以黄芩苷、野黄芩苷、汉黄芩素、黄芩素、射干苷、次野鸢尾黄素、芦丁、金丝桃苷等8个黄酮类化合物为研究对象,采用超高压液相色谱-三重四级杆串联质谱分析该8个黄酮类化合物的色谱、质谱特性.方法：色谱柱为ZORBAX SB-C18（2.1 mm×50 mm,1.8 μm）,流动相为0.1％甲酸水溶液-乙腈,梯度洗脱,流速为0.3 ml·min-1,柱温为35℃,质谱离子源采用电喷雾离子源（ESI）.结果：8个黄酮化合物在色谱柱上的色谱保留行为与取代羟基及苷化的数目具有相关性,在质谱中野黄芩苷、射干苷、金丝桃苷在负离子模式下具有较好的响应,而黄芩苷、汉黄芩素、黄芩素、次野鸢尾黄素、芦丁在正离子模式下具有较好的响应.苷元的裂解以RDA裂解为主.结论：该8个黄酮化合物的色谱和质谱行为对于未知结构的黄酮化合物的结构解析具有一定的指导意义.     

川射干的化学成分研究

目的:研究川射干的化学成分.方法:采用95%乙醇提取,硅胶与C18反相硅胶柱层析,以及重结晶等方法从川射干中分离其化学成分,通过化学方法及波谱进行结构鉴定.结果:从乙酸乙酯部位分离并鉴定出9个化合物的结构,分别为:aurantiamide acetate(I),鼠李秦素(rhamnazin,Ⅱ),kanzakiflavone-2(Ⅲ),鸢尾苷元(tectorigenin,Ⅳ),鸢尾甲黄素B(iristectorigenin B,V)鸢尾甲黄素A(iristectorigenin A,Ⅵ),二甲基鸢尾苷元(dimethyltectorigenin,Ⅶ),茶叶花宁(apocynin,Ⅷ),β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol,Ⅸ).结论:二肽化合物aurantiamide acetate(Ⅰ)为首次从本科植物分得;化合物Ⅱ、Ⅲ为首次从本种分得.     

射干的化学成分研究

目的:研究射干的化学成分。方法:用70%乙醇回流提取,利用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20和反相柱层析等方法对射干中化学成分进行研究。结果:分离得到11个化合物,其结构经波谱方法解析鉴定为5-羟甲基糠醛(5-Hydroxymethyl-2-furalde-hyde,1)、4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯甲酸(4-Hydroxyl--3methoxyl-benzoic acid,2)、白藜芦醇(resveratrol,3)、芹菜素(apigenin,4)、腺苷(adenosine,5)、次野鸢尾黄素(irisfloretin,6)、白射干素(dichotomitin,7)、野鸢尾苷(irigenin,8)、野鸢尾苷元(irigenin,9)、射干苷(tectoridin,10)和射干苷元(tectorigenin,11)。结论:化合物1-5均首次在射干化学成分研究中报道。     

HPLC法测定不同产地川射干中6个活性成分的含量

摘要：目的:比较不同产地川射干中射干苷、鸢尾甲苷A、鸢尾甲苷B、野鸢尾苷、野鸢尾黄素和次野鸢尾黄素6个活性成分的含量,为该药材资源的综合开发利用提供科学依据。方法:采用反相高效液相色谱法,色谱柱为Agilent Extend C18柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm）,以甲醇（A）-含0.3%甲基-β-环糊精的0.2%磷酸溶液（B）为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速1.0 ml·min-1,检测波长为265nm,柱温30℃。结果:在上述条件下,射干苷、鸢尾甲苷A、鸢尾甲苷B、野鸢尾苷、野鸢尾黄素和次野鸢尾黄素平均回收率分别为100.3%,98.8%,98.1%,101.0%,101.3%,100.8%,RSD分别为0.70%,1.53%,0.39%,1.57%,1.41%,0.98%（n=6）;进样量分别在0.040～1.213μg,0.010～0.306μg,0.017～0.498μg,0.006～0.171μg,0.006～0.169μg,0.003～0.090μg范围内线性关系良好（r≥0.999 4）; 25批样品中6个成分的含量分别为5.923 5～43.514 4 mg·g-1,1.385 6～9.253 1 mg·g-1,3.526 2～16.028 5 mg·g-1,0.985 6～7.654 1 mg·g-1,2.965 6～12.354 1 mg·g-1,0.856 2～5.146 5 mg·g-1。结论:本试验所建立的方法可为川射干的质量控制提供科学的依据。     

红车轴草的化学成分研究

目的对红车轴草全草化学成分进行分离鉴定。方法采用反复硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱、重结晶，制备薄层等方法进行分离纯化，通过理化常数测定和光谱分析鉴定其化学结构。结果分离得到9个化合物，分别鉴定为香草醛（vanillin，Ⅰ），山柰酚（kaempferol，Ⅱ），鹰嘴豆芽素A（biochaninA，Ⅲ），德鸢尾素（irilone，Ⅳ），芒柄花素（formononetin，Ⅴ），鹰嘴豆芽素A-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（biochanin.A-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside，Ⅵ），大豆素（daidzein，Ⅶ），（-）maackiain（Ⅷ），β-谷甾醇（β-sitosterol，Ⅸ）。结论化合物Ⅰ、Ⅱ为首次从该属植物中分离得到。     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.