舒血宁注射液治疗急性脑梗死患者的临床研究

目的：观察舒血宁注射液对脑梗死急性期患者血浆内皮素（ET） 含量的影响及临床疗效。方法：将脑梗死急性期患者206例随机分为舒血宁组104例和对照组102例，对照组应用基础治疗，共14 d，舒血宁组用基础治疗加生理盐水250 mL+舒血宁20 mL静滴,qd，共14 d。分别于治疗前和治疗后14 d取静脉血2 mL测定血浆ET水平,并应用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表NIHSS评分标准进行疗效评价。结果: 与对照组相比，舒血宁组治疗14 d后血浆ET水平较低，差异有统计学意义（P=0.009 8）,NIHSS评分显著改善（P=0.005 2）。结论:舒血宁能够降低急性脑梗死患者的血浆ET水平和NIHSS评分。     

舒血宁注射液治疗急性脑梗死患者的临床研究

目的：观察舒血宁注射液对脑梗死急性期患者血浆内皮素（ET） 含量的影响及临床疗效。方法：将脑梗死急性期患者206例随机分为舒血宁组104例和对照组102例，对照组应用基础治疗，共14 d，舒血宁组用基础治疗加生理盐水250 mL+舒血宁20 mL静滴,qd，共14 d。分别于治疗前和治疗后14 d取静脉血2 mL测定血浆ET水平,并应用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表NIHSS评分标准进行疗效评价。结果: 与对照组相比，舒血宁组治疗14 d后血浆ET水平较低，差异有统计学意义（P=0.009 8）,NIHSS评分显著改善（P=0.005 2）。结论:舒血宁能够降低急性脑梗死患者的血浆ET水平和NIHSS评分。     

舒血宁注射液治疗急性脑梗死患者的临床研究

目的：观察舒血宁注射液对脑梗死急性期患者血浆内皮素（ET） 含量的影响及临床疗效。方法：将脑梗死急性期患者206例随机分为舒血宁组104例和对照组102例,对照组应用基础治疗,共14 d,舒血宁组用基础治疗加生理盐水250 mL+舒血宁20 mL静滴,qd,共14 d。分别于治疗前和治疗后14 d取静脉血2 mL测定血浆ET水平,并应用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表NIHSS评分标准进行疗效评价。结果: 与对照组相比,舒血宁组治疗14 d后血浆ET水平较低,差异有统计学意义（P=0.009 8）,NIHSS评分显著改善（P=0.005 2）。结论:舒血宁能够降低急性脑梗死患者的血浆ET水平和NIHSS评分。     

舒血宁注射液治疗急性脑梗死患者的临床研究

目的：观察舒血宁注射液对脑梗死急性期患者血浆内皮素（ET） 含量的影响及临床疗效。方法：将脑梗死急性期患者206例随机分为舒血宁组104例和对照组102例,对照组应用基础治疗,共14 d,舒血宁组用基础治疗加生理盐水250 mL+舒血宁20 mL静滴,qd,共14 d。分别于治疗前和治疗后14 d取静脉血2 mL测定血浆ET水平,并应用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表NIHSS评分标准进行疗效评价。结果: 与对照组相比,舒血宁组治疗14 d后血浆ET水平较低,差异有统计学意义（P=0.009 8）,NIHSS评分显著改善（P=0.005 2）。结论:舒血宁能够降低急性脑梗死患者的血浆ET水平和NIHSS评分。     

尤瑞克林联合舒血宁治疗脑梗死的临床研究

目的：观察尤瑞克林联合舒血宁治疗脑梗死的临床效果。方法：将86例脑梗死患者，采用随机数字表法，随机分为治疗组和对照组，每组43例。对照组给予舒血宁20ml加入0.9%生理盐水250ml静滴，1次/d，连续应用14d，治疗组在对照组基础上加用尤瑞克林0.15PAN U加入0.9%生理盐水100ml静滴，1次/d，连续应用14d。在治疗前、治疗后14d进行美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS）评分。结果：治疗组治疗后14d NIHSS评分与治疗前相比，差异具有统计学意义。治疗组与对照组的治疗后14d NIHSS评分相比，差异具有统计学意义。结论：尤瑞克林联合舒血宁能够显著改善脑梗死的神经功能缺损。     

依达拉奉联合舒血宁注射液辅治急性脑梗死临床效果观察

目的：观察依达拉奉联合舒血宁注射液辅治急性脑梗死的临床效果。方法将30例急性脑梗死患者随机分为治疗组与对照组各15例。对照组应用常规治疗,而治疗组另加用依达拉奉和舒血宁注射液辅治,连用14d。观察2组临床疗效和治疗前后神经功能缺损（ NIHSS）评分。结果治疗组总有效率为93．3％高于对照组的70．0％,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。治疗前2组NIHSS评分差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）,治疗后2组均低于治疗前,且治疗组低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论依达拉奉联合舒血宁注射液辅治急性脑梗死,可显著改善脑梗死患者预后,疗效显著,值得临床推广应用。     

舒血宁联合奥扎格雷治疗急性脑梗死临床效果观察

目的：观察舒血宁联合奥扎格雷治疗急性脑梗死临床效果。方法：选取我院收治的急性脑梗死患者103例,将其随机分为观察组（N=51）和对照组（N=52）。两组均进行常规治疗,对照组在常规治疗基础上添加使用舒血宁治疗,观察组在常规治疗的基础上添加舒血宁联合奥扎格雷治疗。21d后观察对比两组临床疗效及治疗前后神经功能缺损（NIHSS）评分。结果：观察组总有效率为84.31%明显优于对照组的总有效率61.54%,差异显著（P＜0.05）,具有统计学意义。两组NIHSS评分治疗后均得到明显改善,观察组评分改善程度更为明显,差异显著（P＜0.05）,具有统计学意义。结论：舒血宁联合奥扎格雷治疗急性脑梗死的疗效显著,值得在临床上推广。     

舒血宁治疗急性脑梗死34例临床观察

目的观察舒血宁对急性脑梗死病近期临床疗效。方法将68例急性脑梗死患者随机分为舒血宁治疗组34例与复方丹参对照组34例。治疗组给予舒血宁10～15ml加入5%葡萄糖250ml静脉滴注,1次/d,14d为一疗程。对照组给予复方丹参注射液20ml加入5%葡萄糖250ml静脉滴注,1次/d,14d为一疗程,观察治疗后临床疗效及神经功能缺损评分情况。结果治疗组的显效率和总有效率明显高于对照组（P〈0.01）,神经功能缺损评分较对照组明显改善（P〈0.01）。结论舒血宁治疗急性脑梗死近期疗效好,安全,无副作用。     

自拟化痰通络汤联合舒血宁治疗脑梗死急性期疗效观察

目的观察自拟化痰通络汤联合舒血宁治疗脑梗死急性期的临床疗效。方法将120例患者随机分为两组，治疗组予口服自拟化痰通络汤并静脉滴注舒血宁治疗，对照组予静脉滴注舒血宁注射液。结果治疗组总有效率95．16％，对照组总有效率79．31％，评分比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05），治疗组疗效优于对照组。结论采用自拟化痰通络汤联合舒血宁治疗脑梗死急性期效果满意，值得推广使用。     

舒血宁联合氟桂利嗪治疗脑梗死的疗效观察

目的 观察舒血宁联合氟桂利嗪治疗脑梗死的临床疗效.方法 将100例脑梗死患者随机分为两组,对照组50例采用常规治疗;治疗组50例在常规治疗的基础上加用舒血宁20mL静滴,1日1次,氟桂利嗪10mg每晚1次,共14d.结果 治疗组在1月后临床疗效、神经功能缺损评分改善明显优于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 舒血宁联合氟桂利嗪治疗脑梗死安全有效,值得临床推广应用.     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence among men and women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders

This study explored gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence in a crosssectional study of 150 men and 150 women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders (AUD). Participants were recruited in equal numbers from treatment settings, correctional centres and the general community. Standardized measures were used to determine participants' use of substances, history of psychiatric disorders and psychosocial stress, their sensation seeking and family history of substance use and mental health disorders. Multivariate analyses were used to detect patterns of variables associated with gender and the lifetime severity of AUD. Men had a longer history of severe AUD than women. Women had similar levels of alcohol dependence and medical and psychological sequelae as men, despite 6 fewer years of AUD. More women than men had a history of severe psychosocial stress, severe dependence on other substances and antecedent mental health problems, especially mood and anxiety disorders. There were differences in family history of alcohol-related problems approximating same-gender aggregation. The severity of a lifetime AUD was predicted by its earlier age at onset and the occurrence of other disorders, especially anxiety, among both men and women. The limitations in the generalizability of these findings due to sample idiosyncrasies are discussed.