1727名重点高中学生心理档案的建立及分析

目的建立高一新生心理健康档案,了解学生心理健康状况。方法采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）和艾森克人格问卷成人版（EPQ）由受过心理测量专业培训的心理咨询师分批测量2005、2006年两届高一新生1727名,比较两届学生SCL-90、EPQ测量结果;SCL-90测量结果与刘恒等2004年建立的我国中学生SCL-90常模（对照组）比较。结果两届学生总数分别为851和876名,其中有中度或中度以上心理问题的学生分别为77和124名,分别占总测试人数的9.05%和14.2%,差异有显著性意义（χ2=9.68,P〈0.005）;06届高一新生SCL-90测量结果所有因子分与05届高一新生比较差异均有显著性意义（t=2.384～7.320,P=0.000～0.017）;两届高一新生SCL-90测量结果与对照组比较,除06届的偏执因子（U=0.871,P〉0.05）外,其它各因子差异均有显著性意义（U=2.176～9.861,P〈0.05～0.001）。结论重点高中高一新生的心理健康状况明显优于中学生常模,学习压力可以增加学生的心理压力和心理问题的发生。     

大学生心理健康与人格特质的相关

目的:了解大学生心理健康与人格特征的关系。方法:运用症状自评量表(SCL-90)和卡特尔16种人格因素问卷(16PF)对随机选取的某民办高校3310名大学新生进行调查。结果:(1)心理健康问题检出率13.05%,男女之间有统计学差异(χ~2=4.519,P0.05);(2)男女生在敌对(t=2.340,P0.05)、偏执(t=4.984,P0.001)、焦虑(t=~2.902,P0.01)和恐怖(t=-3.793,P0.001)4个因子有显著性差异;(3)相对于全国大学生常模和中国青年常模,大学新生表现出较好(P0.001)和较差心理健康水平。SCL-90各因子与敏感性、怀疑性、忧虑性、独立性和紧张性呈显著正相关(r=0.052~0.513);(4)回归分析表明,人格特质可解释大学生心理健康0.5%~31.1%变异量。结论:大学新生心理健康与人格特质关系密切。     

军医大学生网络成瘾与心理健康、人格的关系

目的调查新时期军医大学生网络成瘾状况与心理健康、人格的关系。方法 355名被试完成Y oung网络成瘾问卷、症状自评量表(SCL-90)和艾森克人格量表(EPQ)测试。结果调查发现军医大学生网络成瘾的检出率为3.1%,准网络成瘾组SCL-90得分较高(F=26.90,21.059,23.509,28.931,32.568,18.197,29.029,39.825,37.248,28.495,34.615;P<0.001),准网络成瘾组和成瘾组的P、N得分高于非网络成瘾组(F=15.18,18.103;P<0.001),网络成瘾倾向与性别、年龄和层次负相关,与SCL-90及人格因子相关系数较高,波动在0.310~0.344之间。结论军医大学生网络成瘾发生率较低,准网络成瘾组心理健康水平较低,非网络成瘾组拥有更稳定的人格特点,女性、年龄较大者以及学历层次较高者网络成瘾倾向较低。     

疗养飞行人员心理健康与个性特征相关分析

目的探讨疗养飞行人员的心理健康与个性特征的相关,为有针对性展开心理训练提供依据。方法采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)及艾森克个性问卷(EPQ),依据飞行人员年度健康大体检标准进行心理测评。结果疗养飞行人员的SCL-90各因子分及总均分低于全国常模(t=2.095~9.890,P0.001),差异有统计学意义。EPQ各量表分与SCL-90各因子分均呈相关(P0.05或P0.01)。结论性格外向、情绪稳定者心理健康状况较好,应着重培养飞行员健全的人格特征,提高心理健康水平。     

心理干预对中职卫校新生心理健康状况的影响

目的:探讨心理干预对中职卫校新生心理健康状况的影响。方法:对646名卫校新生,采取心理讲座、心理咨询和心理宣传等方式进行干预1学期,用症状自评量表(SCL-90)进行测评,比较干预前、后心理健康状况的变化。结果:本组卫校新生第1学期末SCL-90评定,总分≥160、阳性项目数≥43、单项因子分≥3均显著低于入校时(χ~2=40.970,43.613,54.370;P均0.001),SCL-90各因子分(除精神病性因子外)和阳性项目数也显著低于入校时(t=18.333,16.307,12.809,23.609,20.064,43.270,10.142,3.454,21.642;P≤0.001)。结论:心理干预可显著改善卫校新生心理健康状况。     

甘肃农村留守初中生心理健康与人格特征关系

目的:了解农村留守初中学生心理健康状况、人格特征及其关系,为开展留守儿童心理健康教育提供科学依据。方法:采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、艾森克人格问卷儿童版(EPQ)对4所中学的886名学生进行问卷调查。比较留守与非留守儿童心理健康状况及人格特征差异,并对留守儿童心理健康及人格特征进行相关分析。结果:留守儿童在躯体化、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖、偏执、精神病性症状、总分等方面的得分均高于非留守儿童,差异有统计学意义(t=2.696,P=0.007;t=3.125,P=0.003;t=3.462,P=0.001;t=2.444,P=0.015;t=2.046,P=0.041;t=2.290,P=0.022;t=2.521,P=0.012;t=2.972,P=0.003);在人格特征方面精神质、内外向方面得分低于非留守学生(t=2.740,P=0.006、t=5.544,P=0.000),在神经质、掩饰性两方面高于非留守学生(t=2.818,P=0.005;t=3.208,P=0.001);相关分析表明,精神质与SCL-90量表中除强迫症状、恐怖两因子外其余各因子得分均呈显著相关(P0.01),内外向与人际关系敏感呈正相关(r=0.155,P0.01),与其它各因子不相关(P0.05),神经质与SCL-90各因子呈正相关(P0.01),掩饰性与各因子呈显著负相关(P0.05)。结论:留守对儿童心理健康和人格发展有不利影响,心理健康和人格特征密切相关,应对留守初中生开展心理健康铺导,并注重健全人格的塑造。     

医学生心理健康状况与人格特征相关分析

目的 了解医学生心理健康状况及其与人格特征的关系,为有针对性地开展心理健康教育工作提供科学依据.方法 采用艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)及症状自评量表(SCL-90)对山西大同大学医学院168名学生进行调查.结果 ①医学生SCL-90总均分及强迫、焦虑、恐怖、偏执、精神病性(t=4.44,5.11,3.96,3.43,2.41,3.63;P＜0.05)多数因子分均高于全国青年常模,差异有显著性;②与全国青年常模比较,男、女医学生EPQ的N分均较高(U=3.19,2.45;P＜0.05),女生的E分、L分均较低(U=1.98,P＜0.05;U=2.39,P＜0.05);而男生的P分较高(U=2.02,P＜0.05);③EPQ各量表分与SCL-90总均分及多数因子分呈相关关系(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).结论 医学生心理健康水平较低.性格内向、高神经质及精神质的个体往往存在较多的心理问题.     

民族院校毕业生人格特征与心理健康关系研究

目的了解民族院校大学毕业生的心理健康和人格特征状况,并探讨二者之间关系。方法采用艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)、心理卫生自评量表(SCL-90)对225名民族院校大学毕业生进行了调查。结果①民族院校大学毕业生的SCL-90人际敏感、焦虑、恐怖因子得分高于普通大学生常模(t=3.13,2.18,1.95,P0.05);②民族院校大学毕业生的EPQ中神经质维度分高于中国常模(t=2.27,P0.05),内外向和精神质维度分均低于中国常模(t=1.81,3.05,P0.05);③民族院校大学毕业生EPQ中神经质维度与SCL-90各因子分均呈正相关,内外向维度与敌对、偏执两因子分呈正相关,精神质维度与偏执因子分呈正相关。结论民族大学毕业生存在着不同程度的心理健康问题,而人格特征与心理健康呈现一定的相关性。     

1型糖尿病儿童情绪障碍与家长心理健康状况关系的研究

目的 探讨1型糖尿病儿童情绪障碍与家长心理健康状况的关系.方法 以儿童焦虑性情绪障碍筛查表(SCARED)及儿童抑郁障碍自评量表(DSRSC)为工具,评估90例儿童1型糖尿病患儿的情绪状况,任一量表分≥划界分者为情绪障碍组,余为情绪正常组.以SCL-90量表评估家长心理健康状况.比较两组家长心理健康水平的差异以及儿童情绪状况与家长心理健康状况的关系.结果 ①情绪障碍组与情绪正常组比较,其家长SCL-90量表阳性率高(46.9%、19.6%,x2=6.946,P＜0.01),情绪障碍组家长SCL-90量表总分、阳性项目数、躯体化因子,强迫因子、人际敏感因子、抑郁因子、焦虑因子、恐怖因子、精神病性因子平均分均显著高于情绪正常组家长(P＜0.05).②儿童SCARED得分与家长SCL-90量表总分、强迫因子、人际敏感因子、抑郁因子、焦虑因子、恐怖因子得分具有相关关系(P＜0.05),儿童DSRSC得分与家长SCL-90量表总分、强迫因子、人际敏感因子、抑郁因子、焦虑因子、精神病性因子得分具有相关关系(P＜0.05).结论 Ⅰ型糖尿病儿童情绪障碍与家长心理健康状况相关,当家长心理健康状况不良时儿童易合并情绪障碍.     

3所高校大一新生述情障碍与心理健康现状

目的探讨大一新生述情障碍与心理健康水平间的关系以及一本、二本和大专院校学生间述情障碍和心理健康水平的差别。方法采用多伦多述情量表(TAS-20)和症状自评量表(SCL-90),对564名一年级大学生进行调查。结果三高校学生间SCL-90总分及各因子分差异具有统计学意义(F=12.853～23.509,P均<0.001),一本和二本院校学生SCL-90分低于大专院校学生(P<0.05～0.001),一本与二本院校学生间躯体化和恐怖因子分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。3组学生间TAS-20因子3分差异有显著地统计学意义(F=5.069,P<0.01),一本院校学生得分最高。与女性学生相比,男性学生SCL-90抑郁因子分较低(t=2.411,P<0.05),而TAS-20因子3分则较高(t=2.409,P<0.05),差异有统计学意义。相关分析显示,总样本SCL-90总分与TAS总分(r=0.312,P<0.01)及其辨认情感困难(r=0.320,P<0.01)、描述情感困难(r=0.238,P<0.01)和外向性思维(r=0.130,P<0.01)因子分呈正相关。结论大专新生心理健康水平低于于一本和二本新生,表明对大专新生需加强心理健康教育,大一新生述情障碍与心理健康水平存在相关,提示心理健康教育中情绪表达干预的重要性。     

Economical and rational in vivo and in vitro diagnosis in Basedow hyperthyroidism

Immunogenic hyperthyroidism (Graves' disease) is a life-long ailment. A widespread diagnostic evaluation is essential for unbiased initial values prior to therapy. The major goals of initial investigation are to determine a functional disturbance of the organ, its pathogenesis and morphology. Even a suppressed ultrasensitive bTSH value represents no evidence of overt hyperthyroidism; a positive diagnosis can only be established by the additional presence of increased parameters of circulating free thyroid hormones (fT3, fT4). Evidence of any immunogenic pathogenesis is given by positive thyroid antibody values (TRAK, MAK, TAK). Moreover, the use of sonography (with poor diffuse echo and increased thyroid depth) as well as Tc-99m scan indicating primary autonomy, thyroxine induced hyperthyroidism or painless thyroiditis) may both prove rather useful in a rational and economical diagnosis of Graves' disease.     

The cyclic-AMP concentration in plasma and in muscle in response to exercise and beta-blockade in man

At rest the cAMP concentration in (muscle samples of) the quadriceps femoris ranged from 1.55 to 3.00 μmol per kg dry muscle and in plasma from 15.3 to 32.3 nmol per 1. Blockade of the beta adrenoreceptors with propranolol resulted in a significant decrease in the concentration in muscle at rest, the magnitude of the fall being related to the inital level. Similarly in plasma there was a trend towards lower levels of cAMP in those with the highest pretreatment levels, but the overall change was not statistically significant. There was no relation between the concentrations in muscle and plasma, before or after beta-blockade. Maximum dynamic exercise for 4–8 min resulted in an approximate doubling in the cAMP concentration in both muscle and blood. The increase in plasma was closely related to that in muscle. Beta-blockade inhibited totally the rise in cAMP in muscle during exercise but was marginally less effective in preventing the increase in blood. No increase in plasma or muscle cAMP levels during 40–70 s isometric contraction were observed.     

Age-related impairments in memory and in CREB and pCREB expression in hippocampus and amygdala following inhibitory avoidance training

This experiment examined whether age-related changes in CREB and pCREB contribute to the rapid forgetting seen in aged animals. Young (3-month-old) and aged (24-month-old) Fischer-344 rats received inhibitory avoidance training with a low (0.2 mA, 0.4 s) or moderate (0.5 mA, 0.5 s) foot shock; memory was measured 7 days later. Other rats were euthanized 30 min after training, and CREB and pCREB expression levels were examined in the hippocampus, amygdala, and piriform cortex using immunohistochemistry. CREB levels decreased with age in the hippocampus and amygdala. After training with either shock level, young rats exhibited good memory and increases in pCREB levels in the hippocampus and amygdala. Aged rats exhibited good memory for the moderate but not the low shock but did not show increases in pCREB levels after either shock intensity. These results suggest that decreases in total CREB and in pCREB activation in the hippocampus and amygdala may contribute to rapid forgetting in aged rats. After moderate foot shock, the stable memory in old rats together with absence of CREB activation suggests either that CREB was phosphorylated in a spatiotemporal pattern other than analyzed here or that the stronger training conditions engaged alternate mechanisms that promote long-lasting memory.     

ALA和HMME水凝胶栓剂的制备和体内外释药研究

目的 制备光敏剂5-氨基酮戊酸(ALA)和血卟啉单甲醚(HMME)水凝胶栓剂,评价其对直肠肿瘤组织的光敏剂递送效率.方法 将皮下移植人直肠癌细胞SW837的BALB/c小鼠随机分为水凝胶栓剂直肠局部给药组、皮肤局部给药组、瘤内注射给药组和静脉注射给药组.用荧光光谱仪测量直肠壁、皮肤和皮下肿瘤中原卟啉(PpⅨ)和HMME的浓度,荧光光谱系统测定相应的光敏剂分布情况.结果 ALA水凝胶栓剂直肠局部给药组的PpⅨ浓度分别是皮肤局部给药组的9.76倍(1 h)和5.80倍(3 h),差异均具有统计学意义(均P＜0.05).皮肤局部给药后2h,ALA在肿瘤组织内达到最大穿透深度(3～6 mm).而HMME水凝胶栓剂直肠局部给药后,直肠壁中的HMME浓度极低,且皮肤局部给药后的最大肿瘤穿透深度不足2 mm.结论 与皮肤相比,ALA更易穿透黏膜屏障,以水凝胶栓剂形式直肠局部给药有望成为ALA用于光动力疗法治疗直肠癌的一种给药方式.     

Ceramide in apoptosis and oxidative stress in allergic inflammation and asthma

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Advances in adult asthma diagnosis and treatment and HEDQ in 2010

This summary reviews research published over the past year on asthma and through the prism of health care delivery and quality. Special attention is given to management, therapeutics, and the role of environmental exposures and their interactions with genetics. The discussion is framed around the 3 stages of translational research: from bench to first studies in human subjects, then to larger efficacy studies in well-defined patient populations, and finally into practice through effectiveness research in real-world settings.