全膝关节置换翻修术的临床疗效及影响因素分析

目的通过对芬兰关节置换登记系统的资料分析，探讨全膝关节翻修术的治疗结果，并以再次翻修为终点评估翻修假体生存的预测指标。方法1990年至2002年芬兰国家关节置换登记系统共录入全膝关节翻修术2637例，以再次翻修为统计止点，对上述完整材料进行各种统计学分析，主要包括单因素分析中的Kaplan—Meier生存分析，Log—Rank检验，Cox回归分析及模型诊断。结果全膝关节翻修术后假体2年生存率为95％（1874膝）（95％置信区间，94％～96％），5年为89％（944膝）（95％置信区间，88％～90％），10年为79％（141膝）（95％置信区间，78％～81％）。多变量回归分析表明，假体生存最显著的预测指标是患者的年龄及初次全膝关节置换术后的使用时间（即初次与翻修手术间隔的时间）。预测生存率的其他重要指标有第1次翻修的年份及翻修原因。结论预测全膝关节翻修术后假体生存率较好的因素有：患者年龄在70岁以上、初次关节置换术后5年或以上施行翻修以及无髌骨半脱位。同时，随着年龄的增长、疾病的加重（骨关节炎和类风湿关节炎）及其治疗（初次全膝关节置换术），均可以减少关节活动量，加上医师不主张对老年患者施行手术，使得老年患者的再翻修率有所降低。     

人工髋关节置换术后5年内翻修的原因分析及处理方法

目的 探讨初次髋关节置换术后早期翻修的原因和防治方法.方法 回顾性分析2002年1月至2007年6月55例行人工髋关节翻修术患者的资料,其中术后5年内(含5年)翻修11例,翻修原因及翻修方式为:髋臼假体位置不良导致复发性脱位2例,手术调整髋臼假体位置;髋臼假体松动5例,翻修髋臼和(或)股骨假体;术后早期股骨假体周围骨折2例,行骨折复位固定;股骨头磨损髋臼1例,行全髋翻修;感染1例,行二期手术翻修.术前和术后随访采用Harris评分评估髋关节功能.术前Harris评分平均46分(28～62分).结果 本组随访时间16～76个月,平均36个月.术后Harris评分提高至平均86分(75～96分).术后出现并发症2例:1例术后局部血肿形成,4周后需再次手术清理血肿;1例术后关节不稳,经适当牵引制动后关节不稳定现象消失.无感染、深静脉血栓、主要血管和神经损伤等并发症发生.结论 初次髋关节置换早期翻修主要原因与髋臼假体处理、假体选择和安放技术不当有关,因此提高髋臼假体安放的手术技术有助于改善人工髋关节的疗效.     

膝关节置换术后非感染性翻修的经验体会

目的探讨膝关节置换术后非感染性翻修手术的原因、治疗方案以及功能恢复情况。方法检索北京协和医院骨科1991年5月至2014年12月期间所有入院行膝关节翻修的病例。于病案科进行电脑检索,检索词条为出院诊断"疼痛"或"翻修"或"松动"或"膝关节置换术后"。排除重复住院、非膝关节翻修手术以及资料丢失病例,并进一步排除其中诊断膝关节感染,以及关节液或关节组织培养阴性,但关节液呈脓性并按膝关节感染处理的病例后,共18例患者入院行膝关节置换术后非感染性翻修。根据感染性翻修的病因进行分组,总结各组翻修手术处理方式,分析翻修手术距离初次手术的间隔时间、翻修前后关节力线及关节功能采用美国膝关节协会评分(KSS评分)进行评估。鉴于所收集病例数较少,翻修手术与初次TKA的间隔时间以及翻修前后的关节力线主要进行描述分析;翻修前后的关节功能KSS评分为计量资料,先行Kolmogorov-Smirnov检验,若数据服从正态分布,则行配对t检验分析。结果共筛选出18例(20膝)患者入院行非感染性膝关节翻修术。翻修病因包括:假体无菌性松动10膝[50%(10/20)],其中1膝翻修部分置换了胫骨侧假体,其余9膝均行全膝关节翻修术;膝关节僵直5膝[25%(5/20)],均行手术松解(关节镜下粘连松解1膝);初次置换术后出现垫片脱位有2例[3膝,15%(3/20)],均行垫片置换手术;关节腔异物1膝[5%(1/20)],行膝关节后路异物取出术;髌骨外翻半脱位1膝[5%(1/20)],行髌骨外侧支持带松解、内侧紧缩术。翻修术后66.7%(4/6)膝关节力线得到良好恢复,膝关节功能术后KSS评分平均为(79.1±2.8)分,较术前(56.4±9.9)分改善(t=-7.329,P0.05)。结论导致膝关节无菌性翻修的主要原因是初次膝关节置换术后假体无菌性松动(50%)。针对初次全膝关节置换术后出现假体无菌性松动、关节僵直等问题,全膝关节置换翻修术能够有效地恢复关节力线及膝关节功能。     

单纯内固定或假体翻修治疗全膝关节置换术后假体周围骨折

目的分析单纯内固定和假体翻修治疗全膝关节置换术后假体周围骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2008年1月至2022年1月就诊于四川大学华西医院骨科的全膝关节置换术后发生假体周围骨折患者35例(35膝), 男13例、女22例, 年龄(71.4±4.1)岁(范围62～81岁)。左膝19例, 右膝16例。RorabeckⅡ型20例、RorabeckⅢ型15例。初次置换均使用固定平台后稳定型膝关节假体, 以骨水泥固定。RorabeckⅡ型患者接受单纯内固定治疗(内固定组), Rorabeck Ⅲ型患者接受更换假体翻修术(翻修组)。比较两组患者术后美国特种外科医院(Hospital for Special Surgery, HSS)评分、膝关节活动度范围(range of motion, ROM)、下肢力线矫正情况及术后并发症的发生率。结果所有患者均顺利完成手术并获得随访, 随访时间为(5.2±3.6)年(范围1～12年)。术中失血量为(680±102) ml(范围420～1 100ml)。内固定组手术时间为(105±17) min, 小于翻修组的(140±21) min, 差异有统计学意义(t=-...     

限制性假体对全膝关节置换术后假体周围感染二期翻修效果的影响

目的比较采用高或低限制性假体对初次全膝关节置换术后假体周围关节感染(periprosthetic joint infection, PJI)二期翻修术后膝关节功能及感染控制效果的影响。方法回顾性分析2019年2月至2022年2月于上海交通大学附属第六人民医院接受全膝关节翻修术的患者40例, 按照初次全膝关节置换假体的种类分为低限制性假体组和高限制性假体组。低限制性假体组28例(28膝), 男12例、女16例, 年龄69.0(63.0, 74.0)岁, 体质指数为(25.18±0.55) kg/m2;高限制性假体组12例(12膝), 男5例、女7例, 年龄66.5(65.0, 71.5)岁, 体质指数为(23.94±0.51) kg/m2。均采用二期翻修术治疗, 低限制性假体组1例使用旋转铰链膝RHK、27例使用髁限制性假体LCCK;高限制性假体组3例使用旋转铰链膝RHK、1例使用髁限制性假体PFC Sigma MBT、8例使用髁限制性假体LCCK。比较两组患者手术前后的关节活动度(range of motion, ROM)、美国膝关节协会评分(Knee Society score, K...     

初次全膝关节置换术后疼痛相关并发症分析

目的探讨初次全膝关节置换术后膝关节周围疼痛相关的并发症情况并分析其原因。方法回顾性分析自2017-01—2019-10完成的66例初次全膝关节置换术,对术后8例膝关节周围疼痛相关的并发症进行分析并提出解决方案。结果 66例均获得至少1年随访,术后出现8例与膝关节周围疼痛相关的并发症。1例急性感染,清创后保留假体。1例慢性感染,一期手术取出假体、骨水泥旷置,二期行翻修手术。1例膝关节不稳,行内侧副韧带修复。2例膝关节僵硬,行关节镜松解。1例关节线上移与1例髌骨运动轨迹不良行非手术治疗。1例股骨假体周围骨折,行切开复位内固定术治疗。结论感染、膝关节不稳、膝关节僵硬、髌骨运动轨迹不良、关节线上移、假体周围骨折均可造成初次全膝关节置换术后膝关节周围疼痛,术前充分规划、术中精细操作、术后科学功能锻炼是降低疼痛发生率的重要保证,进而可提高患者满意度。     

膝关节后交叉韧带保留型假体置换术15年远期疗效研究

目的 针对后交叉韧带(posterior cruciate ligament,PCL)保留型膝关节假体置换术进行15年以上临床随访研究,分析其临床疗效及失败原因.方法 对Medico-Chirurgical du Cedre中心1990年9月至1992年3月行PCL保留型全膝关节假体初次置换术获得随访的153例(178膝)患者的临床资料进行回顾性研究.对其采用术后X线测量结合随访时国际膝关节协会临床评分评估手术疗效,X线测量包括髋膝踝角(HKA)平均值、HKA绝对偏差、α角、β角、髌骨指数(AP/AT)、胫骨后倾角(PTA)等.以翻修率作为假体生存率最终评定标准.结果 153例患者随访时31例(49膝)死亡,4例(4膝)失访,获访118例(125膝).翻修11膝,15年以上假体生存率93.7%.翻修11膝原因分别为:9膝为假体界面无菌性松动(其中7膝伴严重骨溶解,2膝为胫骨假体周围透亮线伴疼痛),1膝反曲畸形,1膝内侧胫骨平台塌陷.术后随访时膝关节协会评分达173分,优良率95.9%.对比翻修患者与未翻修患者临床资料:对侧未手术膝关节内外翻角、术前正位X线片β角、两组手术前后膝关节协会评分差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 PCL保留型假体可以较好地恢复膝关节生物力学特性,15年以上生存率优良.仅个别病例失败与PCL失效有关,聚乙烯衬垫后部过度磨损和髌股关节并发症少见.未手术侧膝关节畸形程度和术侧膝关节胫骨侧内翻畸形程度可能是影响假体翻修率的重要因素.     

1990至2002年全膝关节置换术关节置换登记系统的回顾研究

背景：采用国家和地区的关节置换登记系统资料研究初次全膝关节置换术的结果。该研究的目的是提供全膝关节翻修术的治疗结果，并以再次翻修为终点评估假体生存的预测指标。方法：从1990至2002年芬兰国家关节置换登记系统资料共包括全膝关节翻修术2637例，以再次翻修为终点对术后全膝关节翻修的假体生存状态进行分析。生存状态分析包括单变量和多变量统计及适合的诊断模型，以评价相对危险假设。结果：全膝关节翻修术后假体2年生存率为95％（1874膝）（95％可信区间，94％-96％），5年为89％（944膝）（95％可信区间，88％-90％），10年为79％（141膝）（95％可信区间，78％-81％）。多变量回归分析表明，假体生存最显著的预测指标是患者的年龄和初次全膝关节置换术后的使用时间（即初次与翻修手术间隔的时间）。第一次翻修的年份和翻修原因也是预测生存率的重要指标。结论．70岁以上的患者、初次关节置换术后5年或以上施行翻修以及无髌骨半脱位的患者，预示全膝关节翻修术后假体生存率较好。随着年龄的增长、疾病的加重（骨关节炎和类风湿关节炎）以及降低治疗（初次全膝关节置换），均可以减少活动量，加上医生可能不愿对老年患者施行手术，使老年患者的再翻修率降低。 可信水平：预测性研究，Ⅱ级。进一步可信度参见作者介绍。     

假体周围感染：诊断上的挑战何在？

引言 假体周围感染一直是全关节置换术后最具挑战性的并发症之一。尽管近20年来这种并发症的发生率有显著的下降，但假体周围感染仍是关节置换术后继假体松动之后的第二大并发症.文献报道，初次全膝关节置换术后的感染率为1％--4％初次全髋关节置换术后的感染率为1％左右5,60而关节翻修手术后的感染率则显著增高，据报道，[第一段]     

单髁膝关节置换术后中长期并发症分析

[目的]研究分析活动平台单髁假体膝关节置换术后并发症的类型特点,术后并发症的预防及处理提供参考。[方法]回顾性分析本科2007年5月～2017年5月472例行膝关节单髁置换的患者,研究术后并发症的发生率及特点,以翻修手术为终点事件进行Kaplan–Meier生存分析统计。[结果] 10年随访的生存率为95.80%(CI 91.9%～99.7%),10年随访期间共出现并发症19例,衬垫脱位10例(其中2例为假体松动合并脱位),假体松动3例(其中1例为感染合并假体松动),术后切口并发症5例(其中感染3例,切口渗液2例),假体周围骨折1例,关节绞锁1例,术后游离体形成1例。对于并发症的处理:行更换衬垫翻修8例,全膝关节置换假体翻修5例,切口清创缝合5例,单髁膝关节置换假体翻修1例,关节镜探查清理1例。[结论]活动平台膝关节单髁假体置换术后并发症主要为衬垫脱位。对术后并发症的原因进行恰当分析,针对不同情况做出及时有效的处置,对于患者的生存预后至关重要。     

维生素D受体在糖尿病肾病足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用

目的探讨维生素D受体(VDR)在糖尿病肾病(DKD)足细胞中的表达水平及在足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用。方法(1)本研究纳入了65例诊断患有2型糖尿病(伴或不伴蛋白尿)的患者,并纳入了25例年龄和性别相匹配的健康体检者为对照组。根据白蛋白/肌酐(ACR)的尿排泄比例对2型糖尿病患者进行分组,分别为无蛋白尿(ACR<30 mg/g,n=24)、微量白蛋白尿(ACR 30~300 mg/g,n=18)和临床蛋白尿(ACR>300 mg/g,n=23)。另选择25例经肾活检确诊的DKD患者作为DKD组。正常肾脏组织标本均取自泌尿外科同一时期肾脏肿瘤切除患者10例。将各组检测指标进行对比,同时采用实时定量PCR、ELISA法和免疫组化法检测VDR在各组患者的血液、尿液样本和肾脏组织中的表达情况,以及使用Pearson相关分析分析VDR与尿蛋白的相关性。(2)在2型糖尿病肾病小鼠模型中对上述结果进行验证,将遗传背景均为C57BLKs/J的雄性db/db小鼠及同窝出生的db/m小鼠,随机分为正常对照组(A组)、DKD对照组(B组)、DKD二甲基亚砜处理组(C组)、DKD帕立骨化醇(VDR激动剂)处理组(D组),C、D组连续腹腔注射处理8周,对照组不做任何处理。小鼠10周龄时开始连续干预8周,在小鼠22周龄(开始干预后12周)检测各组小鼠体重、血、尿生化指标对比;Western印迹法检测β⁃catenin、VDR的变化;免疫荧光观察足细胞标志蛋白podocin及足细胞损伤蛋白α⁃SMA的表达变化。结果(1)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿组、微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者相比,微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05)。(2)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿糖尿病组和DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿糖尿病组患者相比,DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平亦较低(均P<0.05)。(3)免疫组化结果显示,DKD组肾组织中VDR的表达明显少于正常对照组。(4)DKD患者血浆中VDR mRNA相对水平与ACR呈负相关(r=-0.342,P<0.05)。(5)各组尿液上清液中VDR的水平与血浆中的水平呈相反趋势。(6)Western印迹结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞β⁃catenin蛋白表达高于D组(均P<0.05),VDR蛋白的表达低于D组(均P<0.05);免疫荧光结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞podocin的表达低于D组(均P<0.05),α⁃SMA的表达高于D组(均P<0.05)。结论VDR高表达缓解DKD足细胞损伤及蛋白尿。     

Anterior Interosseous Nerve Palsy After Shoulder Arthroscopy Treated With Surgical Decompression: A Case Series and Systematic Review of the Literature

Background: Anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) palsy is a very uncommon cause of upper extremity pain and weakness that comprises less than 1% of all upper extremity nerve palsies. Rarely reported but also mentioned in the literature is AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy. Methods: A systematic review of the literature to date using PubMed was conducted to identify patients who suffered AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy procedures. Articles included met the following criteria: (1) published in English; (2) primary presentation of the data; (3) patients had undergone shoulder arthroscopy before developing symptoms of AIN palsy; and (4) diagnosis was confirmed with clinical symptoms of AIN palsy. Measured outcomes included patient demographics, specific shoulder procedure, anesthesia procedure, intra-operative patient positioning, intra-operative compressive dressing, intra-operative traction, surgical versus conservative treatment, abnormal findings during decompression procedure, proposed mechanism of injury, and follow-up. Results: The search yielded 6 articles, of which 4 (13 cases) met inclusion criteria. An additional 2 cases were included in this report totaling 15 cases. The average patient age was 49 years (range: 31-64) with 73% males. At average follow-up of 24 months, 67% of patients experienced complete resolution of symptoms—more than half of which underwent surgical decompression. Patients who failed to progress experienced weakness of the flexor digitorum profundus and flexor pollicis longus muscles. Conclusions: Proposed injury mechanisms for AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy range from mechanical trauma, compressive hematoma, and direct anesthetic neurotoxicity. Management should be directed by clinical symptoms, imaging, and patient factors with majority of patients expected to have excellent clinical outcomes.     

不同尿钙水平的Gitelman综合征患者临床特点比较

目的观察不同尿钙水平Gitelman综合征(GS)患者的临床特点,探讨尿钙在GS疾病临床分型中的价值。方法收集2016—2018年来自中国国家罕见病注册系统(NRSC)、在北京协和医院行SLC12A3基因检测诊断为GS患者的临床资料,分析其尿钙特点,比较不同尿钙水平患者的临床和实验室检查指标。氢氯噻嗪试验按照标准操作流程进行,测定患者基线和用药后3 h内氯离子排泄分数改变量的最大值(ΔFECl)。结果共有83例GS患者被纳入研究,其中低尿钙患者53例(63.86%)。低尿钙组尿钙/肌酐比明显低于非低尿钙组[(0.085±0.058)mmol/mmol比(0.471±0.284)mmol/mmol,t=7.349,P<0.001]。两组患者在年龄、性别、估算肾小球滤过率、血压、血尿电解质水平、代谢性碱中毒方面差异均无统计学意义。低尿钙组患者乏力(χ2=4.595,P=0.032)及多尿(χ2=5.778,P=0.016)发生比例低于非低尿钙组,两组患者在其他临床症状方面差异无统计学意义。低尿钙和非低尿钙组各有16例患者行氢氯噻嗪试验,中位ΔFECl结果分别为0.539%(0.430%,1.283%)和0.829%(0.119%,1.298%),均提示对氢氯噻嗪无反应,组间差异无统计学意义(U=130.000,P=0.956)。结论GS患者中低尿钙比例为63.86%,尿钙水平与疾病临床表型、NCC功能损伤严重程度之间均无明确相关性。     

Role of Conventional and Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Spinal Treatment Protocol for Hydatid Disease

Objective:

To demonstrate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in determining the treatment protocol for hydatid disease of the spine.

Design:

Case report; literature review.

Findings:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate complicated infected hydatidosis from abscesses, epidermoid cysts from arachnoid cysts, and benign from malignant vertebral compression fractures. It is also helpful in differentiating between abscesses and necrotic tumors.

Conclusion:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate between infections requiring immediate surgery and those that can be treated medically with antihelmintic treatment.     

Fibrinogen-thrombin collagen patch reinforcement of highrisk colonic anastomoses in rats

AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of human fibrinogenthrombin collagen patch(TachoSil~?) in the reinforcement of high-risk colon anastomoses.METHODS A quasi-experimental study was conducted in Wistar rats(n = 56) that all underwent high-risk anastomoses(anastomosis with only two sutures) after colectomies. The rats were divided into two randomized groups: Control group(24 rats) and treatment group(24 rats). In the treatment group, high-risk anastomosis was reinforced with TachoSil~? (a piece of Tacho Sil? was applied over this high-risk anastomosis, covering the gap). Leak incidence, overall survival, intra-abdominal adhesions, and histologic healing of anastomoses were analyzed. Survivors were divided into two subgroups and euthanized at 15 and 30 d after intervention in order to analyze the adhesions and histologic changes. RESULTS Overall survival was 71.4% and 57.14% in the TachoSil~? group and control group, respectively(P = 0.29); four rats died from other causes and six rats in the treatment group and 10 in the control group experienced colonic leakage(P 0.05). The intra-abdominal adhesion score was similar in both groups, with no differences between subgroups. We found non-significant differences in the healing process according to the histologic score used in both groups(P = 0.066).CONCLUSION In our study, the use of TachoSil~? was associated with a non-statistically significant reduction in the rate of leakage in high-risk anastomoses. TachoSil~? has been shown to be a safe product because it does not affect the histologic healing process or increase intra-abdominal adhesions.     

罗伊适应模式对腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响

目的探讨罗伊适应模式对患者腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响。 方法将2016年1月至2019年5月在秦皇岛市第二医院择期进行无张力修补术治疗的120例腹股沟疝患者，按照随机数字法分为对照组和观察组，每组各60例。对照组采用常规护理治疗，观察组在对照组的基础上采用罗伊适应模式。比较2组患者的术后临床指标、心理状态、围手术期并发症发生情况及满意度。 结果术后观察组患者的首次排气时间、恢复正常饮食时间、离床活动时间和术后住院时间均低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后观察组患者的抑郁自评量表（SDS）和焦虑自评量表（SAS）评分显著低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后2组患者均无切口感染发生，2组患者尿潴留、急性疼痛、认知功能障碍、发热、血肿等发生率相比无统计学差异（P>0.05）；术后观察组患者护理满意度为96.67%，显著高于对照组的83.33%（P<0.05）。 结论在常规护理的基础上，罗伊适应模式用于患者腹股沟疝无张力修补围手术期，能有效改善术后患者的焦虑/抑郁情绪，不增加围手术期并发症，促进术后患者的恢复及提高治疗满意度。     

Safety and tolerability of single intravenous doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium in healthy volunteers

BACKGROUND: Sugammadex rapidly reverses rocuronium- and vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block. To investigate the effect of combination of sugammadex and rocuronium or vecuronium on QT interval, it would be preferable to avoid the interference of anaesthesia. Therefore, this pilot study was performed to investigate the safety, tolerability, and plasma pharmacokinetics of single i.v. doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium to anaesthetized and non-anaesthetized healthy volunteers. METHODS: In this phase I study, 12 subjects were anaesthetized with propofol/remifentanil and received sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) combined with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1); four subjects were not anaesthetized and received sugammadex 32 mg kg(-1) with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) (n=2 per treatment). Neuromuscular function was assessed by TOF-Watch SX monitoring in anaesthetized subjects and by clinical tests in non-anaesthetized volunteers. Sugammadex, rocuronium, and vecuronium plasma concentrations were measured at several time points. RESULTS: No serious adverse events (AEs) were reported. Fourteen subjects reported 23 AEs after study drug administration. Episodes of mild headache, tiredness, cold feeling (application site), dry mouth, oral discomfort, nausea, increased aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase levels, and moderate injection site irritation were considered as possibly related to the study drug. The ECG and vital signs showed no clinically relevant changes. Rocuronium/vecuronium plasma concentrations declined faster than those of sugammadex. CONCLUSIONS: Single-dose administration of sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) in combination with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) was well tolerated with no clinical evidence of residual neuromuscular block, confirming that these combinations can safely be administered simultaneously to non-anaesthetized subjects. Rocuronium and vecuronium plasma concentrations decreased faster than those of sugammadex, reducing the theoretical risk of neuromuscular block developing over time.     

血浆凝血因子VIII水平与IgA肾病患者临床病理改变及预后的关系

目的探讨血浆凝血因子VIII(factor VIII,FVIII)水平与IgA肾病(IgAN)患者临床参数及预后的关系。方法收集2016年1月至2016年12月中南大学湘雅二医院确诊的IgAN患者的临床资料。按照时间依赖的受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)得出的血浆FVIII预测IgAN预后的临界值,将患者分为高FVIII组(FVIII>140.50%)和低FVIII组(FVIII≤140.50%),比较两组患者肾活检时基线临床参数的差异。以估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)下降≥30%或进入终末期肾脏病(ESRD)为终点事件,采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线及Cox回归方程法分析血浆FVIII水平对IgAN患者预后的影响。结果共93例IgAN患者纳入本研究,中位随访时间为35.15(33.77,36.76)个月,12例(12.90%)患者发生终点事件。高FVIII组患者年龄、血肌酐、尿素氮、血三酰甘油、血总胆固醇、血浆纤维蛋白原、D-二聚体、24 h尿蛋白量、蛋白C、蛋白S和eGFR下降速率高于低FVIII组(均P<0.05);eGFR、血白蛋白、中位随访时间低于低FVIII组(均P<0.05)。Kaplan-Meier生存分析结果显示,与低FVIII组比较,高FVIII组患者肾脏累积生存率降低(χ2=5.635,P=0.018)。在校正收缩压、eGFR、尿蛋白、肾小管萎缩/间质纤维化程度等因素后,多因素Cox回归分析结果显示,高血浆FVIII水平是IgAN患者肾脏预后不良的独立危险因素(HR=4.147,95%CI 1.055~16.308,P=0.042)。结论血浆FVIII水平与IgAN患者临床指标及预后相关,高血浆FVIII水平是IgAN患者肾脏预后不良的独立危险因素。     

Factors Associated With Reoperation After Silicone Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Arthroplasty

Background: Silicone proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint arthroplasty has a high revision rate. It has been suggested that persistent ulnar deviation and joint instability influence the durability of PIP silicone arthroplasties. The goal of this study was to evaluate what factors are associated with reoperation after silicone PIP arthroplasty. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated all adult patients who underwent PIP silicone arthroplasty between 2002 and 2016 at one institutional system for inflammatory-, posttraumatic-, and primary degenerative arthritis. After manual chart review, we included 91 patients who underwent 114 arthroplasties. Fingers operated included 14 index, 41 middle, 38 ring, and 21 small fingers. Results: The overall reoperation rate was 14% (n = 16). Non-Caucasian race (P = .040), smoking (P = .022) and PIP silicone arthroplasty for post-traumatic osteoarthritis (P = .021) were associated with reoperation. The 1-, 5- and 10-year implant survival rates were 87%, 85%, and 85%, respectively. Conclusion: Caution should be exercised when considering PIP silicone arthroplasty of the index finger or in patients with post-traumatic osteoarthritis. It may be worthwhile addressing smoking behavior before pursuing silicone PIP arthroplasty.     

Effect of the implementation of NICE guidelines for ultrasound guidance on the complication rates associated with central venous catheter placement in patients presenting for routine surgery in a tertiary referral centre

BACKGROUND: The National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines of 2002 recommended the use of ultrasound (US) for central venous catheterization in order to minimize complications associated with central line placement. An ongoing audit of line placement by anaesthetists in the theatre complex of a tertiary referral centre looked at the associated complication rates. The objective of the study was to compare complication rates pre- and post-implementation of NICE guidelines. METHODS: This prospective, single centre audit looked at all patients in whom a central venous catheter was placed for surgery. Complication rates were assessed for procedures that were performed pre- and post-implementation of NICE guidelines. In total, 438 patients were identified for the study, and the procedures were performed either by trainee or by consultant anaesthetists. RESULTS: The pre- and post-implementation complication rates were 10.5% (16/152) and 4.6% (13/284), respectively, representing an absolute risk reduction of 5.9% (95% CI 0.5-11.3%). Comparison of those procedures in which US was used when compared with the landmark technique after implementation found a reduction of 6.9% in complications (95% CI 1.4-12.4%). The reduction in complication rates was larger for specialist registrars than for consultants (11.2% vs 1.6%). CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of NICE guidelines has been associated with a significant reduction in complication rates in our tertiary referral centre. In the light of the cross-speciality evidence of US superiority and our results, it is imperative that routine use of US guidance becomes more widespread.