鱼刺致食管主动脉瘘一例

患者，男，27岁。因误咽鱼刺后出现胸骨后不适5d，大呕血4h，于2008年4月23日急诊入我院。查胸部CT示：降主动脉假性动脉瘤，考虑食管主动脉瘘所致大出血。当晚急诊行降主动脉覆膜支架植入术，封堵主动脉瘘口。术中造影显示：主动脉弓降部形成一假性动脉瘤，经支架植入后假性动脉瘤消失。术后3d，因左侧胸腔积液行闭式引流，引流出淡黄色清亮胸水，至胸腔积液排尽并复查胸片后拔除胸管。术后胃镜示：食管穿透性溃疡，于5月7日行胃造瘘术，术后患者恢复顺利，于5月17日出院。     

自制冲洗引流系统在食管癌术后并发气管食管瘘治疗中的应用

目的探讨自制冲洗引流系统在食管癌术后并发气管食管瘘治疗中的效果。方法回顾分析2012年1月~2018年6月在我科行食管癌根治术后出现吻合口瘘、食管气管瘘的10例患者的临床资料,术后第3~7 d应用自制冲洗引流系统进行辅助治疗。结果本组7例在冲洗1周内体温稳定在37℃以下,2例在冲洗后2周内稳定,1例患者体温无明显改善;总冲洗时间为7~28 d,平均(19.4±5.4)d。6例患者予保守治疗后痊愈出院,2例患者后期行食管覆膜支架植入术,1例突发呕血死亡,1例重症肺部感染导致呼吸衰竭死亡。术后随访6~45个月,未有吻合口瘘、气管食管瘘复发。结论自制冲洗引流系统用于食管气管瘘的治疗可缩短住院时间,减少并发症的发生,促进其预后。     

经鼻介入鼻-空肠喂养管行肠内营养支持在上消化道瘘治疗中的应用

<正>1临床资料患者,男性,73岁,因中上段食管癌行右开胸三切口食管癌根治性切除、胃-食管右颈部吻合术,术后第3d,患者高烧达39℃,经检查发现右侧胸腔大量积液。调整胸腔引流管位置后自右侧胸腔内引流出大量消化液,确诊为消化道瘘,造影发现瘘口位于颈部胃-食管吻合口后壁,大小约直径3mm。自原术中放置的鼻胃管腔内置入金属导丝,C臂监视下在金属导丝导引下将胃管下送放置于空肠上段固定,经该导管行肠     

冲洗疗法治疗食管术后脓胸

本文介绍采用多途径冲洗疗法治疗１２例食管术后脓胸，男９例，女３例，平均年龄５７．７岁（４１～６９岁），除１例系食管囊肿外均为食管、贲门癌患者。左、右侧脓胸各６例，１０例由吻合口瘘所致，２例由术后胸内积液继发感染所致。本组采用生理盐水、甲硝唑、庆大霉素持续或间断经口服食管内冲洗，电视透视下或内窥镜引导鼻胃管经食管吻合口瘘口置入脓腔冲洗，Ｂ超或ＣＴ引导穿刺置细管冲洗，脓腔上下置管或单根“Ｙ”型胸管或单根粗胸管内置细管冲洗等方式进行脓胸治疗，全组无一死亡，吻合口瘘平均愈合时间为１９．７天（７～３０天）。结果表明，食管术后脓胸，尤其是由吻合口瘘所致之脓胸，在充分引流、全身支持疗法的基础上，采用冲洗疗法可起到控制感染，加速脓胸愈合的作用     

食管支架贴覆不良现象的危险因素

目的探讨食管支架植入术后贴覆不良现象（ESDP）的发生及相关危险因素。方法收集98例接受食管支架植入术的恶性肿瘤患者,对术后7例发生ESDP者,选取9个危险因素,包括：年龄、性别、梗阻部位、是否伴食管-气管瘘、既往有无外科手术史、放疗史、梗阻远端扩张程度、是否为喇叭形支架、支架覆膜与否,以Logistic回归分析危险因素。结果本组ESDP发生率为7.14%,主要表现为术后不同程度的吞咽困难或呛咳,并伴有持续胸痛,以进食时加重。食管造影可见支架内对比剂通过顺畅,但在支架与食管壁之间对比剂明显滞留。Logistic回归分析显示阳性因素为既往放疗病史（P=0.005）及梗阻远端扩张程度（P=0.017）。结论ESDP为食管支架植入术后并发症之一。对于既往有放疗病史且梗阻上方明显扩张者,需慎行食管支架植入术。     

食管气管瘘手术麻醉一例

患者,女,26岁,体重46 kg,主诉"纵隔囊肿术后1年半、食管气管瘘1年余"入院.患者2006年6月因"纵隔支气管源性囊肿"在胸腔镜下手术摘除,术后并发食管瘘,遂行食管覆膜支架置入封堵瘘口促进愈合.食管支架防滑突出部分磨穿气管壁突入气管腔,形成食管气管瘘.病程中经2次安置、调整、更换使用食管支架,未见瘘口愈合.随后改用"Y'型气管支架并使用医用胶粘合瘘口,均失败.     

经气管置管冲洗治疗肺切除后支气管胸膜瘘

目的探讨经气管置管冲洗治疗肺切除术后支气管胸膜瘘的疗效. 方法对发生支气管胸膜瘘患者先行胸腔闭式引流,然后在纤维支气管镜下将一直径2mm导管通过鼻腔经支气管残端瘘口置入胸腔,导管超过瘘口1～1.5 cm,经导管向胸腔滴注生理盐水,并从患侧胸腔引流管充分引流.冲洗至引流液清亮,细菌培养阴性,引流管无明显气泡溢出时,停止冲洗. 结果 5例患者均获得治愈,治愈时间为42～60天. 结论经气管置管冲洗治疗肺切除术后支气管胸膜瘘可以取得满意的疗效,与单纯胸腔冲洗的保守治疗方法比较,治愈率明显提高.     

倒置三腔管治疗食管自发性破裂术后瘘

病人　男 ,2 7岁。因饮酒剧烈呕吐后引发食管破裂 ,行胸腔穿刺抽气、抽液和胸腔闭式引流后症状无缓解。 1999年11月剖胸探查 ,见奇静脉弓下食管右壁有 6ｃｍ纵行裂伤 ,给予修补裂口、清洁胸腔。但修补失败 ,病人出现大量脓胸 ,稽留高热 ,稀碘造影检查瘘口较大。术后第 7ｄ我们采用倒置三腔管、瘘口旷置、胃造瘘和胸腔引流治疗 ,取得满意疗效 ,现报告如下。将Ｆ10胃管常规置入胃内 ,作上腹正中切口 ,通过胃造口倒置Ｆ18三腔管且与胃管妥善缝合固定 ,在Ｘ线透视下 ,牵引胃管调整三腔管的 2个气囊使之在瘘口上下各一 ,旷置瘘口。胸腔冲洗后于最…     

可回收覆膜食管支架在食管瘘中的应用体会

目的各种原因导致的食管瘘的临床治疗较为棘手,本研究旨在探讨可回收覆膜食管支架封堵瘘口的疗效和安全性。方法 2008年1月至2012年3月新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院胸外科共收治食管瘘患者47例,其中食管气管瘘23例,食管癌、贲门癌术后吻合口瘘11例,自发性食管破裂9例,食管肺瘘2例,食管纵隔瘘2例。于胃镜下置入可回收覆膜食管支架45例,并观察疗效。结果所有食管支架均一次性成功置入,无严重并发症发生。35例达到完全封堵,10例达到部分封堵。1个月内有3例支架出现不同程度移位,1例脱落至胃内,1例脱落至肠腔内。治疗时间5~85 d,平均治疗时间34 d。结论可回收覆膜食管支架能有效封堵食管瘘口,延长患者生命和提高生活质量。     

颈胸段脊柱结核术后并发食管胸腔瘘一例

目的总结1例颈胸段脊柱结核术后并发食管胸腔瘘的治疗方法和效果。方法 2009年4月收治1例42岁C7～T8脊柱结核患者,经规范抗结核治疗后,行经前路C7～T8脊柱结核病灶及脓肿清除、椎管减压、自体髂骨植骨融合、Antares内固定术。术后并发食管胸腔瘘,于内镜下植入全覆膜食管支架,同时予以充分引流,积极抗感染,肠内、外营养支持等综合治疗。结果经综合治疗患者食管瘘口愈合,逐步恢复正常饮食,治愈出院。结论脊柱结核术后并发食管胸腔瘘罕见,病死率极高,需高度重视,并采取积极治疗措施。     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Candida</Emphasis> esophagitis complicated by an esophago-airway fistula: Report of a case

Candida esophagitis rarely involves life-threatening complications, such as necrosis, perforation, or fistula formation between the esophagus and the airway. We herein report a case of Candida esophagitis complicated by esophagobronchial and esophagopulmonary fistulas. The patient in our study was a 70-year-old man with a 3-month history of dysphagia. Based on endoscopy and histological findings, he was diagnosed with a coinfection of Candida spp. and herpes simplex virus. Antifungal and antiviral therapy was administered without success. The esophagopulmonary fistula formation and a lung abscess were identified 7 months later. The patient was deemed intolerable to an esophagectomy due to his poor general condition, thus necessitating a two-stage operation. A cervical esophagostomy and a tube drainage of the thoracic esophagus were followed by an esophageal bypass using the pedicled jejunum via an antethoracic route. Although the lung abscess resolved, the inflammation of the esophagus persisted. A fistula between the esophagus and the left main bronchus eventually formed postoperatively and the patient died due to respiratory failure.     

T-Tube Management of a Major Leakage of the Cervical Esophagogastrostomy After Subtotal Esophagectomy: Report of Three Cases

A major leakage of the cervical esophagogastrostomy caused by necrosis of the esophageal substitute was successfully managed in three patients by inserting a T-tube. After partial necrosis of the gastric tube had been confirmed, a T-tube was inserted into the esophagus and the gastric tube through the reopened cervical wound. In one patient, a plastic esophageal prosthesis and subsequently, a covered self-expandable metallic stent were intubated over the fistula after T-tube removal to prevent salivary leakage and anastomotic stenosis. In the other two patients, the sump tube, which had been inserted through the gastrostomy for decompression during surgery, was replaced with a large chest drainage tube, the tip of which was positioned in the esophagus, after T-tube removal. The fistula was closed without severe stenosis, and oral feeding was resumed on postoperative days 71 and 64, respectively.     

食管癌术后胸内消化道瘘26例临床报告

【摘要】〓目的〓探讨食管癌术后胸内消化道瘘发生的原因及诊治方法。方法〓2007年1月至2013年12月共427例患者行食管癌切除术,术后26例发生胸内消化道瘘,其中7例行二次开胸手术,其余19例采用保守治疗。26例患者均常规留置十二指肠营养管,给予积极的肠内营养支持治疗,并进行充分脓腔及胃液引流,以及持续的胸腔冲洗治疗。结果〓胸内消化道瘘发生率为6.09%(26/427),其中胃壁瘘6例,吻合口瘘20例。二次开胸手术7例患者全部临床治愈,无死亡病例。保守治疗19例患者中,治愈14例,死亡5例。二次开胸手术患者住院时间及瘘口愈合时间均低于本组平均水平。结论〓食管癌根治术后3天以内发生的早期瘘,应争取二次开胸手术。胸内消化道瘘须进行充分脓腔及胃液引流、胸腔冲洗以及肠内营养支持治疗。     

New method for dealing with late-presenting spontaneous esophageal ruptures

A new technique is described for dealing with late-presenting spontaneous esophageal ruptures. This method requires only a short period of general anesthesia to drain the periesophageal abscess by a drainage tube inserted into the abscess cavity from the esophagus with the aid of a gastroscope and fluoroscopy. Gastric fluids are diverted from the esophageal rupture with a gastrostomy, and a jejunostomy is used for enteral feeding. The esophagus is retained, and closure of the fistula with resumption of normal swallowing is documented with serial sinograms.     

An air-containing mediastinal mass in a patient with a primary adenocarcinoma of the right lung

Objective: The following case report elicits the treatment of a 55-year-old male who was diagnosed with a surinfected mediastinal chyloma as a complication of mediastinoscopy and radiotherapy for a primary adenocarcinoma of the right lung (cT2aN2M0).

Methods: The patient was admitted to the hospital after radiographical imaging showed a surinfected mediastinal chyloma. CT-guided percutaneous drainage was performed and via gastroscopy a fistula was diagnosed for which a full covered stent was placed. Then, a right thoracotomy was performed to wash out the chylous cavity, to seal the thoracic duct and to cover the other end of the fistula with an intercostal muscle flap.

Results: Postoperative imaging showed a clear reduction of the mediastinal mass with no residual air-fluid level. Realimention was possible three days after placement of the stent. The patient was discharged after 11 days. There was no recurrence of the chyloma. Fistulisation did recur after removal of the stent.

Conclusion: Surinfected mediastinal chyloma due to oesopagho-mediastinal fistula is an extremely rare complication after cervical mediastinoscopy and radiotherapy. Open drainage of the chyloma and total coverage of the fistula can control infection and prevent recurrence on short term.     

胃镜辅助新三管法治疗严重胸内食管胃吻合口瘘

目的探讨胃镜辅助新三管法治疗食管切除术后严重胸内食管胃吻合口瘘的价值。方法对13例胸内食管胃吻合口瘘（瘘口直径≥1．0cm）的患者,在胃镜辅助下经鼻置人瘘腔引流管,行负压吸引,充分引流脓液,同时配合胸腔引流管行闭式引流,鼻肠管行肠内营养支持。结果所有患者均一次置管成功,置管时间为5～9min,平均6min。12例患者痊愈,瘘口愈合时间16～78d,平均31．4d。1例患者死于严重肺部感染。结论胃镜辅助新三管法治疗严重胸内食管胃吻合口瘘安全、有效、经济。     

食管破裂诊断及外科手术方式的选择——附36例临床分析

目的探讨食管破裂的诊断与手术方式。方法 1980-01—2012-06间共收治36例食管破裂与穿孔患者。保守治疗2例,手术治疗34例。单纯食管破裂修补术、食管破裂修补加肋间肌瓣、膈肌瓣、带蒂大网膜覆盖破裂口8例;破裂食管切除、Ⅰ期食管胃胸内或颈部吻合术3例;纵膈引流、胸腔引流或食管"T"管引流加空肠造瘘6例;食管旷置或颈部食管造瘘,加纵膈、胸腔引流及空肠造瘘,Ⅱ期消化道重建2例,其中1例为经胸骨后管状胃与颈部食管吻合;颈部食管旁切开引流术及食管支架置入术各1例。贲门失弛缓症、食管癌、食管癌术后吻合口狭窄扩张或支架置入时破裂5例:姑息性食管癌切除、吻合口狭窄部切除再游离胃行颈部吻合术4例,食管破裂修补术加破裂食管对侧Heller手术1例。合并多发性肋骨骨折肺深部裂伤、脾破裂胃破裂、车祸胸部贯通伤伴胸壁皮肤Ⅱ度烧伤各1例:行肺裂伤修补,胸腹联合切口行脾切除胃破裂修补术加胃空肠造瘘,1例伤后6d,确诊食管破裂,行食管破裂修补及肋间肌瓣加固。1例食管异物40 d,致食管-主动脉瘘(AEF),左心转流下阻断主动脉,修补主动脉破口,切除胸段食管行颈部食管胃吻合,获成功。食管胸中段化学性烧伤致穿孔1例,I期行胸段食管切除食管胃颈部吻合术。食管破裂修补术后再瘘3例:行胸腔廓清、上下胸腔引流及空肠造瘘。结果治愈27例,其中3例并吻合口狭窄,经扩张后好转。死亡9例。结论选择合理方式治疗食管破裂至关重要。要综合考虑食管破裂的原因、部位、时间、大小、原发疾病、并发症、纵隔及胸腔感染情况。     

Anderson—Hynes手术治疗肾积水仅留置肾周引流管的意义

目的：探讨在Anderson-Hynes手术中不留置肾造瘘管及输尿管支架管,仅留置肾周引流管的安全性、可行性及手术效果。方法：在对42例先天性肾盂输尿管连接处狭窄（UPJO）患儿实施Anderson—Hynes手术时,不留置肾造瘘管及输尿管支架管,仅留置肾周引流管。根据Grignon肾积水分类标准,42例中3级4例,4级31例,5级7例。结果：37例术后7天拔除肾周引流管;2例分别于术后8、11天肾周引流管无尿液引流并持续3天,拔除引流管;3例术后14天夹管观察2天,无异常拔除引流管。术后1、3、6个月行尿常规检查及B超检查,4例尿路感染,经抗感染等而治愈;全部病例肾积水无加重、肾皮质增厚。结论：有选择地对部分UPJO病例实施Anderson-Hynes手术时,不留置。肾造瘘管及输尿管支架管,仅留置肾周引流管可以缩短住院时间、减轻患者的经济负担、减少与引流相关的并发症,是安全、可行、有效的。     

Successful management of an aortoesophageal fistula resulting from an aneurysm of the thoracic aorta with a covered stent.

Aortoesophageal fistula (AEF) is a relatively rare but life-threatening cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. There have been only a few survivors previously reported. There are controversies particularly regarding the treatment of the esophagus and postoperative infections. We report a case of an elderly man with an aortoesophageal fistula resulting from a thoracic aortic aneurysm. We managed the replacement of the aorta using a prosthetic graft, and an omentopexy for the fistula of the esophagus. For the treatment of leakage of the esophageal fistula, we successfully used a covered stent. This is the first report of the management of AEF using a covered stent.     

A case of tracheal fistula after operation for esophageal cancer]

We have experienced a case of mediastinal abscess and tracheal fistula after operation for esophageal cancer and successfully closed by using intercostal muscle pedicle flap. A 61-year-old male underwent esophagectomy for advanced esophageal cancer. On the 12th postoperative day, mediastinal abscess caused by leakage was detected, and drainage of the mediastinal and thoracic cavity was performed. On the 29th postoperative day, tracheal fistula was detected, and operation was performed in order to close the fistula by using of intercostal muscle pedicle flap. His postoperative course was fair and general condition was improvement, esophageal reconstruction using of free jejunal graft was performed and oral ingestion was started.