武警部队战士和学员身体发育的研究

 目的 分析武警部队战士和学员身体发育现状并进行评价.方法 按国家军用标准GJB 1102-91规定的方法和标准进行.结果 武警某部1 000名男战士(含学员)和女学员在身体发育的3项主要指标上与同龄普通大学生、地方青年以及不同军兵种相比,处于显著优势.632名男战士(含男学员)的身体发育综合评价,良好以上占64.3%,较差占6.0%.结论 武警某部战士和学员身体发育现况是好的,应该通过加强营养和科学训练,继续发展潜力.另外,应该严把入伍选兵关,杜绝差者和较差者的出现,使部队身体发育水平保持在中等以上.     

医高专学员的军事素质培养

现代战争,战况瞬息万变,特别是高科技在战场上的应用,则对军人的军事素质提出了更高要求。不仅要求每个参战人员有应付突发事件及复杂情况的心理和行为能力,而且要求具备连续作战、长途跋涉、野外生存等所需要的体能素质,具有较高的军事素质是军队夺取战场主动权的重要保证,医高专作为培养部队医护人员的摇篮,肩负着为国防建设输送高素质人才的重任。如何提高医高专学员的军事素质以适应我军现代化建设的需要,便成为一个重要课题。１　研究对象与方法１－１　研究对象　石家庄医高专、广州医高专九四、九五、九六级共１２００名学员…     

课内外一体化军事体育训练对军校新学员体质的影响观察

目的：观察课内外＂一体化＂军事体育训练方案对军校新学员体质的影响。方法：选择某军校2012级新学员601例,观察比较10周＂一体化＂军事体育训练前后身体形态、功能和素质指标变化情况。结果：与训练前比较,男学员体质指数（BMI）、胸围、肺活量、台阶指数和多项身体素质指标均显著或非常显著提高（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）;女学员多项身体形态和素质指标亦改善显著或非常显著（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）,但身体功能指标变化不显著（P〉0.05）。结论：＂一体化＂军事体育训练可提高新学员的身体素质,并使身体形态得到一定程度改善。     

男学员入学前后吸烟情况调查

调查了某医高专１８７名男学员入学前后吸烟情况及其认知态度。结果为入学前（士兵时期）吸烟率为６６．７％，入学后（学员时期）为４２．２％，均高于全国水平。说明部队的吸烟情况相当严重。而且，军人对被动吸烟的危害和吸烟者对戒烟的态度都认知不足。提示，军队应尽早建立强制性控烟措施。     

武警部分地区籍战士、学员身体发育状况的研究

 目的为部队选兵、体质评价和人体功效学提供基础资料.方法将身体发育指标作因子分析,确定权重系数,计算发育分,按6大地区籍进行分类、排序比较.结果6大地区籍战士、学员的发育分由高到低,在男性排序次为东北华北区、东南区、西北区、华南区、西南区和华中区;在女性排序依次为东北华北区、西北区、西南区、东南区、华中区和南华区.东北华北区在6大地区群体发育分比较中不管是男性还是女性都位居第一.结论身体发育状况既受自然环境因素影响,也受社会因素和生物因素的影响.     

军事体能训练对学员身体成分的影响

目的通过为期7个月的军事体能强化训练研究军事体能训练对学员身体成分的影响。方法将458名学员随机分为实验组和对照组,通过7个月的训练,分析198名自我训练学员和260名在教员指导下训练学员身体成分的变化情况。结果 经过7个月的训练后,对实验组和对照组学员进行人体成分测量结果显示实验组学员除身高、体表面积、肌肉形态标准等方面与对照组无明显差异外,其余各项身体成分指标都存在显著性差异。结论 结果显示实验组和对照组学员两者的肌肉质量、去脂体重和体脂肪质量等17项指标具有显著差异,说明通过长期有目的、有计划、有针对性的体能训练,学员的身体成分发生了显著的变化,但腰臀比和浮肿指数两项指标未发生明显变化。     

军校女学员月经情况调查

目的了解我院女学员月经初潮年龄、月经生理及病理情况,为加强青春期卫生保健提供科学依据。方法对我院所有女学员采用自编统一调查问卷(包括一般情况、月经生理、月经病理及经期保健等项目)进行回顾性调查。结果女学员月经初潮平均年龄13.5岁;城镇籍和农村籍女学员月经初潮平均年龄(13.2岁和14.8岁)之间存在显著性差异(t=7.55,P<0.01);绝大多数女学员月经周期、经期、月经量均在正常范围;98%的女学员经期伴有不适,41.0%伴有中重度痛经,月经异常的发生率及痛经发生率高于地方女生,并且与军龄呈显著正相关。结论我院女学员月经初潮平均年龄提前,同时城乡入伍女学员之间存在差异;随着军龄的延长,月经异常和痛经发生率有增高趋势。提示应加强女学员青春期教育和经期卫生保健。     

飞行学员入校体检新发病例和身体变化分析

目的 了解空军新招收飞行学员身体质量及入校前的变化情况,分析其产生原因及影响因素,为制定切实可行的预防措施提供依据。方法 用EPI6.0软件统计分析1995～1999年空军新招收飞行学员入校身体复查中新发疾病例数和身体变化情况。结果 飞行学员自身体初检合格后至复检时新发疾病率为0.75％,身体变化率为1.41％。在身体复查不合格(观察矫治)学员中,因新发疾病和身体变化原因所占比例达60％,其中新发病例占20％以上,身体变化者占40％左右,新发疾病和身体变化的病种和症状种类多达30余种。结论 新发疾病和身体变化是影响新招收飞行学员入校体检合格率的主要原因,且新发疾病和身体变化种类复杂多样,但多数是可以通过预防避免的。     

某部坦克兵身体发育及体质调查报告

对某坦克部队３７４名战士身体发育及体质调查。结果表明身体发育属中等范围，体型较匀称；耐力、爆发力处于中等水平，但运动速度较差。     

男女飞行学员抗荷耐力地面检测结果分析

目的 通过检测呼吸肌和双下肢肌肉力量,使用经验公式估算+Gz耐力,对比分析男、女飞行学员之间的抗荷耐力差异,探讨使用抗缺氧能力检测仪进行抗荷耐力地面测试的方法. 方法 检测了32名女飞行学员和30名男飞行学员的心-眼距、最大呼气压力、最大吸气压力、双下肢蹬力,以及平静时和做HP、PHP动作时的收缩压;估算了受试者使用抗荷装备做抗荷动作时的+Gz耐力. 结果 男飞行学员的心-眼距、最大呼气压力、最大吸气压力和双下肢蹬力均显著大于女飞行学员(t=4.852～6.762,P＜0.01).男飞行学员做PHP动作时的+Gz耐力大于女飞行学员(t=2.226,P=0.034),但男、女飞行学员做HP动作时的G耐力差异无统计学意义(P=0.185). 结论 ①女飞行学员的呼吸肌和双下肢肌肉力量素质不如男飞行学员.②与男飞行学员相比,女飞行学员心-眼距小,做HP抗荷动作时的收缩压低,这可能是男、女飞行学员穿抗荷服、做HP抗荷动作时G耐力相差不显著的主要原因.女飞行学员呼吸肌力量小,不适应抗荷正压呼吸,因此在使用抗荷正压呼吸并做PHP动作的耐力比男飞行学员低.③做抗荷动作时血压的测量方法有待继续改进,以进一步提高测量成功率和准确率.     

Eating and body attitudes related to noncompetitive bodybuilding in military and general Hungarian male student populations

Pathological eating attitudes and extreme weight control practices occur most commonly in certain female populations. In some young male occupation groups, such as in the armed forces, the appearance of physical strength and muscularity has particular importance. We studied body and eating attitudes and the prevalence of bodybuilding and steroid abuse in 480 military college and 752 general college male students. The Eating Disorder Inventory was used for all subjects. General college students had higher body mass index values than did military students. The prevalence of bodybuilding and steroid abuse was significantly greater in the military population. Comparisons between the study groups and within groups showed significantly different scores on certain Eating Disorder Inventory subscales. The study revealed that male military college students have some protective factors against the psychopathological features of eating disorders.     

Biological maturation, body composition, and growth of female gymnasts and control groups of schoolgirls and girl swimmers, aged 8 to 14 years: a cross-sectional survey of 1064 girls

The aim of this study was primarily to investigate differences in onset and progression of puberty, body composition, and growth between groups of young female gymnasts, schoolgirls and girl swimmers, and secondly to determine the relations between the pubertal events and body composition, especially the amount of body fat, or training activities. In 1980, 1981, and 1982, 668 female gymnasts, 298 schoolgirls and 98 girl swimmers were examined. The gymnasts were subdivided into three different groups, namely, the talented, the nontalented, and the selection group. The onset of puberty and menarche was delayed in the gymnastic groups by about 1 or 2 years compared to the schoolgirls and girl swimmers. The gymnasts were on average smaller than the schoolgirls and girl swimmers. These differences became even more pronounced after the age of 10 years. This may be caused by a delayed growth spurt within the gymnastic groups in combination with self-selection. Furthermore, the gymnasts were leaner than the other two groups: the girl swimmers had a greater fat mass and a greater lean body weight, while the schoolgirls had more fat mass. Relations were found between the parameters of pubertal development and calculated fat mass and also between breast development, pubic hair growth and age, body height, body weight, and calculated lean body weight. Only in the swimming group were training hours per week related to body height, body weight, lean body weight, and pubic hair growth.     

某军校大学生5000m跑成绩与相对最大摄氧量的回归模型

目的 研究军校大学生5000 m跑成绩与相对最大摄氧量（VO2max）之间的函数关系,为评估他们的有氧耐力素质,为提高5000 m跑训练效果提供依据.方法 采用整群抽样法,测量67名某军校大学生的各项身体形态指标,通过PWC170台阶实验间接推算VO2max,对5000 m跑成绩和VO2max进行回归分析.结果 受试对象5000 m跑时间（Y）与相对VO2max（X）呈显著负相关（r=-0.813,P〈0.01）,线性方程式为：Y=32.997-0.205X（r^2=0.661,P〈0.01）;二次曲线方程为：Y=56.067-1.147X＋0.0094X2（r^2=0.686,P〈0.01）.结论 相对VO2max水平的高低很大程度上决定5000 m跑成绩.可通过降低体脂率等方法提高相对VO2max,达到提高5000 m跑训练成绩的目标.     

Treatment of initial diacrisis of disorder of trophological status in servicemen

The authors consider the problem of objectivity of initial diacrisis of disorder of trophological status as in case of manning and troops of Northern Fleet and also in the interest of military physician expertise at determining of fitness for service. In terms of retrospective analysis of assessment's results of food status of recruits, submariners and divers in accordance with Government decree N 123 the authors quarreler ranges of denotation of body mass index which are adjusted in this document referring to their own researches. Their research let to get a new denotation of body mass index: "nutritional inadequacy"--< 16,59, "suralimentation"--16,60-19,17, normal balance of growth and weight--19,18-24,31.     

论军事医学系统的环境

军事医学系统的环境决定了军事医学的生存、发展和功能.论文研究目的是揭示军事医学系统的环境及其对军事医学的影响.作者研究提出了军事、国防、国家安全等任务需求,是军事医学发展牵引力,决定了军事医学发展的价值取向;军事、医学、相关科学和技术,是军事医学发展的推动力,决定了军事医学发展的科学可能性和技术可行性;军事医学的国际竞争与合作,是军事医学发展的助动力;军事医学的政策法规,是军事医学发展的规范和约束力.     

学龄儿童Y染色体形态与生长发育主要指标关系的初步探讨

作者对37名学龄儿童(男)进行Y染色体扫描测量,并对测量数据进行相关与逐步回归等分析,结果认为;Y_p长度与着丝粒指数C可作为预测8—13岁儿童少年未来身高、体重、胸围的遗传学指标。     

Mental health evaluations of U.S. Air Force basic military training and technical training students

A 2000 report by Staal, Cigrang, and Fiedler and a 1998 report by Cigrang, Carbone, Todd, and Fiedler described the attrition of U. S. Air Force basic military trainees due to mental health disorders for the year 1997. This article looks at the population of Air Force basic military trainees and technical training school students located at the same base during the year 2001. In addition, we look at the effect of allowing basic trainees and those in technical school to refer themselves for mental health evaluations as opposed to only evaluating those referred by secondary sources. Primary results of the data analysis suggest that mental health-related separation rates for calendar year 2001 basic military trainees are consistent with past years at 4.2%. For both basic trainees and technical school training students, adjustment disorders and depressive disorders are the top diagnostic categories related to recommendation for separation.     

The relationship between foot posture index and resting calcaneal stance position in elementary school students

BackgroundStatic foot assessment is commonly performed in clinical practice to classify foot type for prescribing therapeutic interventions. Foot posture index is known to be a reliable indicator for foot position. Resting calcaneal stance position angle is used widely to determine foot posture and manufacture orthoses for pediatric flat foot patients. However, the relationship between foot posture index and resting calcaneal stance position angle in elementary school students is currently unclear.Research questionTo investigate the relationship between foot posture index and resting calcaneal stance position angle in elementary school students.MethodsBetween January 2016 and December 2017, 208 elementary school students (average age, 10.3 years; range, 8–13 years) were enrolled for this study. All students were examined physically by one practitioner to measure foot posture index and resting calcaneal stance position angle. Age, gender, and body mass index were analyzed for factors associated with flat foot prevalence. This study was conducted as a retrospective comparative study. Associations between foot posture index and resting calcaneal stance position angle were determined by Pearson's correlation analysis.Results and SignificanceWhen measured by foot posture index and resting calcaneal stance position angle, the overall prevalence of flatfoot was 29% and 24% in the right foot and 26% and 23% in the left foot, respectively. Resting calcaneal stance position angle and foot posture index score showed moderate correlation in Pearson’s correlation analysis (left side foot: kappa value = 0.710; right side foot: kappa value = 0.704).ConclusionThere is a moderate correlation between foot posture index and resting calcaneal stance position angle in elementary school students. Thus, both foot posture index with proven validity and reliability and resting calcaneal stance position widely used in the manufacture of insoles can be used as important biomechanical evaluation tools for feet in clinical settings.     

某航校飞行学员鼓室曲线调研分析

目的：跟踪调研某航空学校同一年级参加飞行训练的飞行学员人群,定期记录2年飞行训练的声导抗的变化,判断飞行学员鼓室曲线的变化趋势,根据研究结果判断鼓室曲线变化及咽鼓管功能的变化趋势,为防治飞行训练对高年级飞行学员咽鼓管功能的影响提供科学依据。方法随机抽取某航校2009级126名飞行学员进行声阻抗及声导纳检查,跟踪调查飞行训练2年的鼓室曲线变化,并根据2年的检测结果比较变化趋势。结果在调查的飞行学员人群中,招飞体检与飞行训练2年后鼓室曲线图进行t检验,差异无统计学意义（t＝－1.638,P＞0.05）,对2组数据进行卡方检验,差异无统计学意义（χ2＝0.1138, P＞0.01）。结论参与飞行训练的高年级飞行学员,其鼓室曲线状态总体良好,但有部分因上呼吸道感染出现As曲线的应随访观察。     

论知识型卫勤

知识是一个内涵丰富、外延广泛、不断发展着的概念。知识资源在社会发展中已开始占据基础性地位,知识创新正在成为引领军事变革、经济发展、社会进步的主要动因。现代卫勤本质上是知识型卫勤,我军应以知识创新引领卫勤转型。