青少年视力和年龄与Vervaeck指数间关系

目的 进行视力与Ｖｅｒｖｑｅｃｋ指数关系的研究。方法 本文对淮南市１１～１９岁５９２名青少年学生的右眼视力、年龄、Ｖｅｒｖａｅｃｋ指数间的关系进行了研究。结果 以年龄（ｘ１）右眼视力（ｘ２）推算Ｖｅｒｖａｅｃｋ指数的回归方程为Ｙ男＝１２３．５３＋０．９９ｘ１－１２．４５ｘ２；Ｙ女＝９６．９７＋１．２２Ｘ１－７．７２Ｘ２。结论 右眼视力低下者的Ｖｅｒｖａｅｃｋ指数均值显著高于右眼视力正常者，右眼视力     

TURD-800X光机故障维修2例

ＴＵＲＤ -８００型Ｘ线机是一种大型８００ｍＡ诊断Ｘ线机 ,我院自１９８９年引进至今已有１１年 ,在使用过程中曾出现过一些故障。现就我们所遇到过的两例故障的成功维修作一介绍。１故障现象机器能够曝光 ,随机毫安表指针在曝光时有较小幅度的摆动 ,洗出的Ｘ光片上有很淡的影像 ,Ｘ线量严重不足。分析及检修首先外接上毫安秒表 ,预置曝光条件为（１）５５ｋＶ ,４０ｍＡｓ ,曝光后 ,毫安秒表显示为０．０４ｓ ,２．６ｍＡｓ（２）６０ｋＶ ,４０ｍＡｓ ,曝光后 ,毫安秒表显示为０．０４ｓ ,２．８ｍＡｓ。两次曝光所测到的数据表明预置曝…     

拟除虫菊酯中间体对游离大鼠肝细胞毒性及其定量结构活性关系的研究

应用大鼠游离肝细胞培养技术研究１１种拟除虫菊酯类农药中间体的肝细胞毒性，并建立了同系物活性预测模型。结果表明：１１种受试物对大鼠肝细胞毒性有很大差异。（ＣＨ３）２ＣＨＯ－取代物毒性最大（１０８．９１μｇ／ｍｌ），苯乙睛（２０９９．０４μｇ／ｍｌ）和２－苯基－３－甲基丁睛（２２００．９０μｇ／ｍｌ）毒性最小。取代基对母体化合物电效应的影响是决定化合物毒性的主要因素。逸漏酶水平还与取代基亲脂性有关．４个ＱＳＡＲｓ方程Ｙ１＝－３．２８９＋１．１０７Ｆ－１．３０７Ｒ，Ｙ２＝０．７９６＋０．０３７１，Ｙ３＝２．５５３－０．０６１（π）２－０．２６５Ｆ－１．５７１Ｘｖ＋０．１５７（１Ｘｖ）２＋０．７４９２Ｘｖ，Ｙ４＝０．２２８＋０．６０１Ｆ＋０．３３８３Ｘｐｖ经检验表明具有一定的预测价值，可为该类有机污染物毒性研究提供辅助手段。     

高效液相色谱法测定作业工人尿中对苯二甲酸含量

采用高效液相色谱法（ Ｈ Ｐ Ｌ Ｃ） 测定了对笨二甲酸（ Ｔ Ｐ Ａ） 接触人群尿中 Ｔ Ｐ Ａ。分析条件：μ Ｂｏｎｄａｐａｋ Ｃ１ ８ 柱４ ．６ ｍ ｍ ×１５０ｍ ｍ ,甲醇－ ５ ｍ Ｍ 氯化四丙胺水溶液（１ ：９ｖ／ｖ）（ｐ Ｈ７ ．０） 为流动相,紫外检测波长为２３８ｎ ｍ ,检测尿中 Ｔ Ｐ Ａ 含量的线性范围为０ ．１ ～２０ ．０ｕｇ／ｍｌ（ｒ ＝ ０ ．９９７） ,平均回收率为９７ ．９４ ％±２ ．６８ 。本法样品处理简单易行,灵敏准确。可用于职业人群尿中 Ｔ Ｐ Ａ 的检测。     

580例新生儿脐血染色体分析

我们对５８０例新生儿脐血进行染色体核型分析，发现３例染色体核型异常，其中２例为Ｄｏｎｅｎ’ｓ综合征，１例为平衡易位携带，其染色体核型分别为４７，ＸＹ＋２１；４７，ＸＸ＋２１；４６，ＸＹ，ｔ（５；８）。１对象与方法１．１对象。染色体检查对象为１９８７年６月～１９８９年２月期间出生的５８０例新生儿脐带血，其中男孩２９２例，女孩２８８例。１．２方法。胎儿娩出后断脐，在母体胎盘侧消毒脐带，用肝素抗凝的无菌注射器抽脐血１ｍｌ，摇匀后置４℃冰箱保存。将２４ｈ采集的新生儿脐血同时接种于含小片血清的ＲＰＭＩ１６…     

反复呼吸道感染儿童细胞免疫与体液免疫研究

摘要：目的　探讨细胞免疫状态和体液免疫状况与儿童反复呼吸道感染（ｒｅｃｕｒｒｅｎｔｒｅｓｐｉｒａｔｏｒｙｉｎｆｅｃｔｉｏｎ, ＲＲＴＩ）的关系。方法　选取２０１２年７月至２０１６年７月,南京医科大学附属江宁医院确诊为ＲＲＴＩ的患者 ９０例（ＲＲＴＩ组）,并以同期９０例社区获得性肺炎患儿（肺炎组）和９０例健康体检儿童（正常组） 作为对 照,采用流式细胞仪检测所有患儿Ｔ 细胞亚群,采用酶联免疫吸附法检测血清中免疫球蛋白,采用ｌｏｇｉｓ ｔｉｃｓ回归探讨患儿反复呼吸道感染发生的风险因素。结果　ＲＲＴＩ组、肺炎组和正常组患儿ＣＤ３＋ 、ＣＤ４＋ 、 ＣＤ４＋／ＣＤ８＋ 水平间差异均有统计学意义（犉＝４．２１、３．９２、４．０８,犘＜０．０５）。三组患儿ＩｇＡ、ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＭ 水平间的差异均有统计学意义（犉＝４．７６、５．１４、５．５３,犘＜０．０５）。多因素ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ分析显示,低水平ＩｇＡ （犗犚＝１．７８,９５％犆犐：１．０６～２．２３） 和ＣＤ４＋／ＣＤ８＋ （犗犚＝１．６５,９５％犆犐：１．５２～２．３２） 是ＲＲＴＩ的独立 危险因素。结论　血清中ＩｇＡ 和ＣＤ４＋／ＣＤ８＋ 水平低是患者发生ＲＲＴＩ的独立危险因素。 关键词：反复呼吸道感染;体液免疫;细胞免疫;预后;儿童 中图分类号：Ｒ７２５．６　　文献标识码：Ａ　　文章编号：１００９ ６６３９ （２０１９）０２ ０１３６ ０３     

氰戊菊酯对包装工人心血管功能的亚临床影响

目的探讨氰戊菊酯对包装工人心血管功能的亚临床影响。方法对２２名氰戊菊酯包装工和１５名无毒物接触史和无心血管疾病史的工人进行横断面调查，分析其心血管功能的改变。结果包装车间空气中氰戊菊酯时间加权平均浓度（ＴＷＡ）为０．０１７５±０．００５７ｍｇ／ｍ３（ｎ＝４），包装工皮肤平均污染量为０．５１３４±０．４２１６ｍｇ／ｃｍ２（ｎ＝６），工人接触以皮肤污染为主；症状以皮肤粘膜刺激症为主；与对照组比较收缩压升高、心率加快，收缩压与尿中ＶＭＡ明显相关，心电图检查示（Ｑ－Ｔ）ｒ值增大。结论低浓度氰戊菊酯接触对作业工人心血管功能有影响。     

东方田鼠感染日本血吸虫前后血清IL-4水平的检测

〔目的〕 检测东方田鼠感染日本血吸虫前后血清白细胞介素－４（ＩＬ－４）的水平。〔方法〕 ＥＬＩＳＡ法比较检测室内繁殖东方田鼠和昆明系小鼠未感染（ＢＭＦ０、ＡＭ０）与感染日本血吸虫第９天（ＢＭＦｉ９、ＡＭｉ９）、１６天（ＢＭＦｉ１６、ＡＭｉ１６）血清ＩＬ－４的水平。〔结果〕 ＢＭＦｉ９血清ＩＬ－４水平（１３１．９４ｐｇ／ｍｌ）显著高于ＢＭＦ０（５２．５９ｐｇ／ｍｌ）和ＢＭＦｉ１６（５８．１６ｐｇ／ｍｌ）;与昆明系小鼠相比较,ＢＭＦ０是ＡＭ０（１２．４３ｐｇ／ｍｌ）的４．２倍,ＢＭＦｉ９是ＡＭｉ９（４４．５３ｇｐ／ｍｌ）的３．０倍。〔结论〕 ＢＭＦ血清ＩＬ－４水平显著高于ＡＭ,且于感染早期显著升高,表明ＩＬ－４在东方田鼠抗日本血吸虫感染中可能具有重要作用。     

辐射诱发人淋巴细胞微核率的研究—方法学及剂量效应关系

本文用三水平正交试验设计对影响胞质分裂阻断微核法（ＣＢＭＮ）的三因素进行了研究。结果表明：细胞松弛素Ｂ（Ｃｙｔ－Ｂ）加入时间３６－４４小时，终浓度６μｇ／ｍｌ，７２小时收获细胞时为最佳组合方案。根据此方案，用￣（１３７）Ｃｓγ线０．１、０．２、０．３、０．４、１、２、３和４Ｇｙ照射人离体淋巴细胞，可以看出，微核率和细胞微核串均随剂量增加而明显增长，用微核率拟合回归方程分别为：在低剂量区段为Ｙ＿（ＭＮＦ）＝５．７３＋５７．３３Ｄ；而中高剂量则为Ｙ＿（ＭＮＦ）＝４．０６＋３６．２８Ｄ＋２０．００Ｄ￣２。     

恶性梗阻性黄疸免疫功能改变及PN对其的影响

１３列恶性梗阻性黄疸病人随机分组２组（Ａ＝７，Ｂ＝６），另选７例正常人作为术前对照组。胆道引流术后１～１０ｄ，接受ＰＮ支持，能量供给１１７．２～１２５．５ＫＪ／（ｋｇ．ｄ），氮０．２ｇ／（ｋｇ．ｄ）。ＮＰＣ：Ｎ为６０６．７ｋＪ：１ｇ糖脂比Ａ组为６：４，Ｂ组为４：６。术前及ＰＮ第６，１１天测定免疫球蛋白及Ｔ细胞亚群，结果表明，恶性梗阻性黄疸病人术前血清ＩｇＡ水平与黄疸程度成正比（ｒ＝０．６０，Ｐ〈０     

A salt reduction of 50% in bread does not decrease bread consumption or increase sodium intake by the choice of sandwich fillings

Bread is a major contributor to sodium intake in many countries. Reducing the salt (NaCl) content in bread might be an effective way to reduce overall sodium intake. The objectives of this study were to examine the effects of gradually lowering the salt content in brown bread, with and without flavor compensation (KCl and yeast extract), on bread consumption and sodium intake compensation by choice of sandwich fillings. A total of 116 participants (age: 21 ± 3 y; BMI: 22 ± 2 kg/m2) consumed a buffet-style breakfast on weekdays for 4 wk. Participants received either regular bread (control group: n = 39), bread whose salt content was gradually lowered each week by 0, 31, 52, and 67% (reduced group: n = 38), or bread whose salt content was also gradually lowered each week but which was also flavor compensated (compensated group: n = 39). A reduction of up to 52% of salt in bread did not lead to lower consumption of bread compared to the control (P = 0.57), whereas less bread was consumed when salt was reduced by 67% (P = 0.006). When bread was flavor compensated, however, a reduction of 67% did not lead to lower consumption (P = 0.69). Salt reduction in bread (with and without flavor compensation) did not induce sodium intake compensation (P = 0.31). In conclusion, a salt reduction of up to 52% in bread or even up to 67% in flavor-compensated bread neither affected bread consumption nor choice of sandwich fillings.     

Anatomy and chromosomes of two intersexual dasyurid marsupials

The intersexual phenotypes of marsupials with XXY and XO chromosome constitutions imply that not all sexual dimorphisms are under the control of testicular hormones and, ultimately, the SRY gene on the Y chromosome. It has been hypothesised that there is a gene on the X chromosome that determines whether either a scrotum will form (one copy of the gene) or a pouch with teats (two copies of the gene). Here, we describe the anatomy and chromosomes of two intersexual dasyurid marsupials. One, a Dasyuroides byrnei, had a pouch, but the reproductive tract was essentially male. The other, a Sminthopsis douglasi, had a hemipouch and a hemiscrotum and the reproductive tract was essentially female. The S. douglasi was a mosaic for cells with an apparently normal 2n = 14, XX female karyotype and cells with 2n = 14 plus (usually) two dot-like supernumerary elements 2n = 14, XX + 2B. The D. byrnei cells examined also had a 2n = 14, XX + 2B karyotype. In fibroblasts from the male and female sides of the S. douglasi, it was possible to assign the 2n = 14, XX karyotype to the male side and the 2n = 14, XX + 2B to the female side.     

罕见46,XY/47,XYY嵌合体型女性患者病因诊断的遗传咨询模式探讨

目的:报道1例46,XY/47,XYY嵌合体女性性反转,探讨其病因诊断路径,提供临床的遗传咨询。方法:临床特征分析和家系调查。采用外周血淋巴细胞核型分析技术进行染色体核型分析,同时基于二代测序技术（NGS）的全基因组拷贝数变异测序（CNV-seq）进行外周血标本拷贝数变异检测及性别决定基因（SRY基因）及AZF基因位点检测。结果:家系调查表明,该患者具有伴X隐性遗传模式;临床上呈现共外显性特征;社会性别为女性,患者的外周血染色体核型结果为46,XY[57%]/47,XYY[13%],染色体拷贝数变异检测示:Arr[hg19]46,XY[70%]/47,XYY[30%],Yp11.31-q11.223×3,dup(6)(q14.1),SRY基因检测阳性,AZF基因所检测位点均未见缺失。结论:细胞遗传学染色体核型分析技术及CNV-seq均可确诊46,XY/47,XYY嵌合体女性性反转综合征,其遗传病因可能为DAX-1基因表达异常。整合了针对46,XY性反转快速诊断路径的遗传咨询模式,供临床参考。     

Chromosome anomalies in normal androgenized infertile males

Chromosome anomalies are known to play a role in human infertility. Chromosome analysis of 103 normal androgenized infertile azoospermic (97.1%) or oligospermic (2.9%) males revealed that the frequency of chromosomal abnormalities was 8.7%. Two patients (1.94%) had a 46,XX chromosome complement, one patient (0.97%) had a 45,X karyotype, two patients (1.94%) had a 45,XY,t(13;14)(p11;q11) karyotype, one patient (0.97%) had a 46,XY,inv(9)(p12;q13) chromosome constitution, two patients (1.94%) had a 46,XY,del(Y)(q12) karyotype, and one patient (0.97%) had a 45X/46,X+marker the nature of which was not clarified.     

Temporal and spatial variation in plasma thyroxine (T4) concentrations in juvenile alligators collected from Lake Okeechobee and the northern Everglades,Florida, USA

We examined variation in plasma thyroxine (T4) in juvenile American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) collected from three sites within the Kissimmee River drainage basin (FL, USA). Based on historical sediment data, Moonshine Bay served as the low contaminant exposure site, Water Conservation Area 3A served as an intermediate contaminant exposure site, and Belle Glade served as the high contaminate exposure site. In May 1999, alligators (n = 22) from Water Conservation Area 3A exhibited higher T4 concentrations than animals from both Belle Glade (n = 22; p = 0.0003) and Moonshine Bay (n = 33; p = 0.001). In May 2000, alligators (n = 29) Water Conservation Area 3A again exhibited higher T4 concentrations than those from Belle Glade (n = 49; p = 0.02) but not those from Moonshine Bay (n = 40). No sexual dimorphism was observed among mean T4 concentrations within any of the sites during either year (p > 0.05). Animals within all sites exhibited higher T4 concentrations in May 2000 when compared to May 1999. When variance was examined, animals from Water Conservation Area 3A exhibited higher variance in plasma T4 concentrations than those from either Moonshine Bay or Belle Glade. We concluded that mean plasma T4 concentrations did not match the sediment contaminant mixture data presently available to us, whereas variance seems to be a more reliable indicator of contaminant exposure.     

Pure 46,XY gonadal dysgenesis

The authors report a rare case of pure 46,XY gonadal dysgenesis (Swyer syndrome). Swyer syndrome is associated with 46,XY karyotype, primary amenorrhea as well as the presence of female internal genital tract and bilateral streak gonads in a phenotypic female. The genetic background of this syndrome includes mutations of several genes involved in the testis differentiation cascade. Mutation of the SRY gene accounts for only 10-15% of all 46,XY gonadal dysgenesis cases while the majority cases may be linked to other deficient genes involved in the sex differentiation pathway. The patient was a 16-year-old female who was referred for endocrinological evaluation because of primary amenorrhea. Physical examination revealed a phenotypic female, height 166 cm, weight: 56.5 kg, breast and pubic hair development were Tanner I. and II, respectively. She had female external genitalia. Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging showed a hypoplastic uterus and ovaries at both sides measuring 5×10 mm in size. Chromosomal analysis revealed 46,XY karyotype. Analysis of the SRY and SF1 genes showed no mutations. Serum follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone were elevated. Serum tumor marker concentrations were normal. Prophylactic bilateral gonadectomy was performed and histological examination showed bilateral streak gonads. Hormone replacement therapy produced development of secondary sexual characters and 1.5 years after treatment the patient had menarche. Authors conclude that karyotype analysis should be performed in adolescent with primary amenorrhea. After establishment of the diagnosis, dysgenetic gonads should be removed because of the high risk of gonadal neoplasia.     

46,XY女性性反转综合征一例并文献复习

回顾1例原发性闭经的青少年女性腹部彩色超声、染色体核型及外周血染色体畸变检测（芯片）分析的病例资料,复习46,XY女性性反转相关文献,探讨该病的临床病因、诊断及治疗。该患者行腹部彩色超声检查提示未见两性器官;染色体核型分析为46,X,max?;外周血染色体畸变检测（芯片）分析结果为46,XY。推断该患儿临床病因与染色体性别决定性腺分化过程的异常相关。可见传统染色体核型检测具有一定的局限性,利用外周血染色体畸变检测（芯片）分析可明确病因。     

Pfcrt haplotypes and in-vivo chloroquine response in Sundergarh district, Orissa, India

The Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter (Pfcrt) K76T mutation and haplotype (amino acids 72-76) were analyzed as markers of chloroquine (CQ) resistance in the blood samples of patients from two sites of different intensities of malaria transmission (high, n=70; low, n=68) in Sundergarh district of Orissa, India and correlated with the in-vivo response. Early treatment failure (ETF) was significantly more frequent in the high endemic area (32.9 vs. 7.4%, P<0.001), with children below 5 years suffering more. A high frequency of pfcrt K76T mutation was observed in both the areas (87.1 vs. 79.4%, P=0.22). Patients carrying pfcrt 76T were the most likely to develop ETF (odds ratio 36; 95% CI 3.35-1653.3; P<0.001). The ratio of 76T:K76 was 22:9 and 11:14, respectively, in high and low endemic areas (odds ratio 3.1; 95% CI 0.9-11.03; P=0.04), which may be used as a measure of drug pressure. Sequences of pfcrt codons 72-76 showed 16 of the CQ-resistant haplotypes to be SVMNT, 5 CVMNT and 12 CVIET. The CQ-sensitive haplotypes were mostly CVMNK in 10 samples; CVIEK in 2 samples. Both Southeast Asian and South American haplotypes were present, with the latter predominating.     

The meiotic sequence in Glossina morsitans morsitans

The diploid chromosome number in those male G. m. morsitans examined is 2n = 8 ± 1 autosomes and the XY sex pair. Meiosis is almost certainly achiasmate and there is no recognizable diplotene or diakinesis. Only the 4 largest autosomes form bivalents (L₁ and L₂), the remaining small chromosomes appearing as univalents. These latter members are heterochromatic throughout prophase and they remain in close telomeric association throughout this phase. This is probably an adaptive mechanism ensuring their disjunction at 1st anaphase.