杭州地区HIV抗体阳性的静脉药瘾者人细小病毒B19感染的流行病学研究

目的研究HIV抗体阳性患者的人细小病毒B19的感染情况。方法使用ELISA和q-PCR方法对杭州市戒毒所182例HIV抗体阳性的静脉药瘾者和103例健康志愿者的血浆标本进行B19V-IgG、IgM和DNA的检测。结果 HIV抗体阳性的静脉药瘾者的B19V-IgG、IgM和DNA检出率分别为41.8%(76/182)、0.0%(0/182)、7.2%(13/182);而健康志愿者的检出率分别为34.0%(35/103)、0.0%(0/103)、0.0%(0/103)。对13例B19V-DNA阳性者进行测序分析,发现其NS1序列区2个核苷酸多态性位点可以造成第558位(P/S)和573(Y/G)位氨基酸突变。系统进化分析发现13例B19V均属于第1基因型。结论 HIV抗体阳性的静脉药瘾者的B19V-DNA检出率显著高于健康志愿者,但两类人群的B19V-IgG和IgM检出率没有显著差异。13例B19病毒在遗传关系上均为第1基因型。     

人微小病毒B19母婴感染的血清学调查

目的调查该地区B19病毒母婴感染情况。方法用ELISA和套式PCR分别检测母婴血清B19病毒IgG、IgM抗体和DNA。结果92例孕妇血清B19病毒IgG抗体阳性率3704%,720例孕妇血清B19病毒IgM抗体阳性率902%,而95例婴儿脐血IgM抗体阴性;720例孕妇血清和95例婴儿脐血B19病毒DNA亦均为阴性。结论部分孕妇存在B19病毒感染既往史,少数孕妇有近期或急性B19病毒感染,但母婴垂直传播B19病毒风险很低。     

广州地区献血人群人类微小病毒B19感染情况调查

目的了解广州地区献血人群HPVB19病毒感染状况。方法用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)对无偿献血者血液进行HPVB19IgG和IgM抗体筛查。结果1760者无偿献血者血液标本中,检出HPVB19IgG阳性679例,阳性率为38.6%;检出HPVB19IgM阳性33例,阳性率为1.9%,两者检出率有显著差异(x2=7.78,p<0.005)。18岁年龄组献血者HPVB19IgG抗体阳性率为29.6%,50岁年龄组HPVB19IgG抗体阳性率为57.1%。不同年龄组间的HPVB19IgG抗体阳性率存在显著相关性(x2=62.31,p<0.005)。结论广州地区献血人群中HPVB19病毒既往感染率较高,而且HPVB19IgG抗体阳性检出率随献血者年龄增大明显增大。献血人群中HPVB19病毒急性感染感染率相对较低,但目前尚未在献血人群中开展HPVB19病毒特异性抗体筛查情况下,仍然存在输血传播该病毒的危险性。     

2012-2014年苏南地区育龄妇女人类微小病毒B19感染状况调查

目的 分析苏南地区育龄妇女微小病毒B19感染的状况,为本区妇幼保健提供基础数据。 方法 采用酶联免疫检测法(ELISA)检测2012-2014年苏南地区育龄妇女血清中特异性的IgM抗体。 结果 8 927例育龄妇女的微小病毒B19 IgM抗体阳性率为13.83%,近三年差异无统计学意义(χ²=0.35,P>0.05);不良妊娠结局组、正常妊娠组和婚检组感染率分别为16.37%、12.59%和13.39%,差异有统计学意义(χ²=16.76,P<0.05);感染组与非感染组不良妊娠结局发生率差异有统计学意义(χ²=38.71,P<0.05)。 结论 妊娠期HPVB19感染可引起不良妊娠结局。2012-2014年苏南地区育龄妇女感染率并不低,相关的妇幼保健单位应加强微小病毒B19的感染监测,开展全面检查,提高人口素质。     

贵州省巴马森林病毒和罗斯河病毒感染的调查研究

目的了解贵州省虫媒病毒中巴马森林病毒(BFV)、罗斯河病毒(RRV)的感染现状,为不明原因病毒性脑炎防治工作提供科学依据。方法 2005-2008年在贵州省采集不明原因发热和病毒性脑炎病例检测BFV、RRV IgM抗体,并对2007年健康人群进行BFV、RRV IgG抗体检测。结果①共检测204例不明原因发热病例BFV和RRV IgM抗体,BFV IgM抗体阳性4例,阳性率1.96%,RRV阳性6例,阳性率2.94%;②共检测426例病毒性脑炎病例BFV和RRV IgM抗体,BFV IgM抗体阳性12例,阳性率2.82%,RRV阳性15例,阳性率3.52%;③共检测870份健康人群BFV、RRV IgG抗体,BFV IgG抗体阳性率1.49%,RRV IgG抗体阳性率1.15%;④地区分布显示,2005-2008年BFV、RRV IgM抗体阳性病例数和分布县数呈逐年增加趋势。结论贵州省可能存在由BFV和RRV感染引起的疾病,应加强对这两种病毒引起的相关疾病监测和研究工作。     

湖北省恩施州一起人细小病毒B19感染引起的学校聚集性疫情流行病学调查

目的 分析一起学校人细小病毒B19暴发流行特征,为学校出疹性疾病防控策略提供参考。 方法 收集疫情发生学校基本情况及发病学生的基本资料,并对其进行描述性分析,采集病例血清及咽拭子开展实验室检测。 结果 该次疫情共计发病199人,小年龄组患者出现典型的“掌掴脸”,初中及高中学生主要表现为四肢、手足等部位边界不清晰的斑疹,46名病例出现2次出疹,7名病例3次出疹,室外打扫卫生和拔草是反复出疹的危险因素(χ²=12.454,P<0.001)。127份急性期血清中,麻疹IgM抗体阳性数量为30份,阳性率为23.62%; 人细小病毒B19 IgM抗体阳性数量为41份,阳性率为32.28%;麻疹IgM抗体和细小病毒B19 IgM抗体同为阳性数量为20份,阳性率为15.75%。采集恢复期血清26份与急性期进行比对,麻疹IgG抗体滴度无明显升高,人细小病毒B19 IgG抗体滴度呈4倍增高数量为21份,升高比例为80.77%。127份血清和103份咽拭子,麻疹病毒核酸检测结果均为阴性,人细小病毒B19核酸检测结果阳性数量分别为97份和31份,阳性率分别为76.37%和30.69%。 结论 该次疫情由人细小病毒B19感染引起;成人及青少年无典型“掌掴脸”表现;人细小病毒B19感染后可出现麻疹IgM假阳性结果,聚集性出疹疫情现场处置即使麻疹抗体检测阳性,应考虑细小病毒B19感染。     

人微小病毒B19感染与自然流产的关系

目的通过分析自然流产与正常妊娠晚期待产孕妇人微小病毒B19(HPV B19) DNA及IgM抗体检测情况,探讨HPV B19与自然流产的关系。方法采集自然流产孕妇（观察组,28例）与正常待产孕妇（对照组,33例）的静脉血,以聚合酶链反应（PCR）法检测HPV B19 DNA, 酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测HPV B19 IgM抗体。结果观察组HPV B19 DNA阳性率为28.57%（8/28）,对照组为9.09%（3/33）,两组HPV B19 DNA阳性率比较,差异有统计学意义（χ2=3.98 ,P＜0.05）。观察组检测出1例（3.57%,1/28）HPV B19 IgM抗体阳性,对照组未检测到阳性者（0.00%）。结论自然流产孕妇HPV B19感染率高于妊娠晚期待产孕妇,推测HPV B19感染可能是导致自然流产的原因之一。     

2010年陕西省高危人群艾滋病哨点监测分析

目的了解陕西省各类高危人群中艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染流行趋势和相关行为变化信息,为艾滋病综合防治和干预提供依据。方法按照国家监测方案要求,对吸毒者、男男性行为者、暗娼和性病门诊男性就诊者等高危人群进行问卷调查和HIV抗体检测。结果 2010年陕西省4类高危人群共监测10 305例,检出HIV抗体阳性63例。1/3的吸毒哨点检出HIV抗体阳性,HIV抗体阳性率为0.3%;男男性行为者哨点HIV抗体阳性率为8.8%;暗娼和性病门诊男性就诊者人群哨点HIV抗体阳性率均为0.0%。吸毒人群和暗娼每次性行为都使用安全套的比例分别为8.2%和59.4%,男男性行为者肛交时每次都用安全套的比例为45.5%。结论多种HIV传播的危险因素并存,陕西省HIV感染仍呈蔓延扩散之势,应进一步加大健康教育和有效干预措施的力度及覆盖面。     

六盘水市疑似麻疹病例的发热伴出疹性疾病病原检测结果分析

目的探讨贵州省六盘水市疑似麻疹病例异常增高的病原原因。方法收集疑似麻疹病例血清标本,用ELISA方法检测麻疹IgM抗体、风疹IgM抗体、人细小病毒B19 IgM抗体和EB病毒VCA IgM抗体检测。结果 805份血清标本中检测出麻疹IgM抗体阳性12份,阳性率为1.5%;风疹IgM抗体阳性5份,阳性率为0.6%;人细小病毒B19 IgM抗体阳性23份,阳性率为2.9%;OA值处于灰区的标本14份,阳性率为1.8%;未检测到EB VCA IgM抗体阳性的标本。结论疑似麻疹病例中存在其他发热伴出疹性疾病病原感染,了解本省发热伴出疹性疾病的本底值有利于消除麻疹策略的制定。     

196例儿童呼吸道感染患者血清巨细胞病毒与肺炎支原体抗体检测分析

[目的]探讨儿童呼吸道感染患者巨细胞病毒与肺炎支原体感染状况及其临床意义.[方法]对新乡医学院第一附属医院2005年11月至2006年3月196例儿童呼吸道感染住院患者进行血清巨细胞病毒IgM抗体、肺炎支原体IgM抗体检测,并与51名正常儿童对照比较.[结果]196例儿童呼吸道感染患者,血清巨细胞病毒IgM抗体阳性22例,阳性率为11.22%;血清肺炎支原体IgM抗体阳性51例,阳性率为26.02%;51名对照2种抗体均阴性(P＜0.05,或P＜0.01).3例患者2种抗体均阳性.63例急性上呼吸道感染、35例急性支气管炎和98例急性支气管肺炎病人中,血清肺炎支原体IgM抗体阳性率分别为7.94%、31.43%、35.71%(P＜0.05);巨细胞病毒IgM抗体阳性率分别为6.35%、8.57%、35.71%(P＞0.05).[结论]检测血清巨细胞病毒抗体与肺炎支原体抗体对于儿童呼吸道感染的诊断具有重要意义.     

47360例育龄妇女细小病毒B19感染情况分析

目的分析孕前和孕期妇女细小病毒B 19(human parvovirus B 19,简称B 19)感染情况,为临床医生提供参考。方法采用酶联免疫的方法对2013~2015年来广西壮族自治区妇产医院就诊的18~45岁孕前及孕期妇女血清中细小病毒B 19的特异性抗体IgM进行检测,并按照不同条件进行分析。结果 B19 IgM抗体阳性率2013年11.34%,2014年4.93%,2015年8.75%;不同年龄段的阳性率差异无统计学意义(P0.05);第三、第四季度感染率高于其它季度,不同季节之间差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论南宁地区育龄妇女B 19感染率较高,应广泛检测,提高优生优育质量。     

A comparison of oral fluid collection devices for use in the surveillance of virus diseases in children

Three oral fluid collection devices (OraSure, Omni-SAL and Oracol) were compared in terms of the quality of oral fluid collected by each device for antibody testing and their acceptability to participants. Participants (143 children aged 3.5-5 y from North Hertfordshire, UK, who had recently received DTaP and MMR vaccination) were randomised to use one of the three types of collection device. Oral fluid was collected by a parent who completed a short questionaire recording information on ease of use and willingness to use the device again. A matching serum sample was collected by a nurse. Oral fluid samples were screened for total IgG and IgM by ELISA and for rubella specific IgG and parvovirus specific IgG by radioimmunoassay. Serum samples were screened for rubella specific IgG and parvovirus B19 specific IgG by ELISA. 87.4% (125) of participants provided a matching oral fluid and serum sample. Of these, 100% (125) and 10.4% (13) had serum IgG specific for rubella and parvovirus B19, respectively. The Oracol device provided oral fluid samples with the highest geometric mean titres of total IgG and IgM and with rubella specific IgG results which correlated most closely with those of matching sera. A higher proportion of parents found the Oracol and OraSure devices easier to use than the Omni-SAL (P<0.001) and the proportion who would not take another test was higher for the Omni-SAL than for the Oracol or Orasure. Oral fluid samples collected by each of the devices gave qualitative results acceptable for surveillance and epidemiological studies of rubella and parvovirus B19. The highest quality oral fluid sample for antibody testing in terms of total IgG and IgM concentration and rubella specific IgG concentration was collected by the Oracol. The acceptability to participants of both the Oracol and OraSure was high. As the cheapest device available, the Oracol is the preferred oral fluid collection device for studies involving children in the UK.     

Nosocomial human parvovirus B19 infection: lack of transmission from a chronically infected patient to hospital staff.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the potential for nosocomial spread of parvovirus B19 from a chronically infected patient. DESIGN: Employees exposed to the index case and control (unexposed) employees were evaluated by baseline and follow up parvovirus B19 serologies and hematologic assessments, and completed baseline and follow up epidemiologic questionnaires. SETTING: A chronically infected patient was hospitalized on a hematology ward in a research referral hospital for 3.5 weeks prior to a diagnosis of parvovirus B19 infection and the institution of isolation precautions. METHODS: Sera were screened for parvovirus B19 DNA (dot blot analysis), and IgG and IgM anti-B19 antibodies (capture immunoassay). Hematologic assessment included CBC, differential, and reticulocyte count. RESULTS: The index case had parvovirus B19 DNA at approximately 10(6) genome copies per ml of serum, elevated IgM and low levels of IgG B19 antibodies. Of the 21 exposed staff, 11 (52%) had IgG B19 antibodies and were immune; of the 8 unexposed staff, 6 (75%) had IgG B19 antibodies. No employees developed IgM B19 antibodies, B19 DNA, hematologic abnormalities, or clinical symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to reports of documented nosocomial transmission of B19 parvovirus from patients in transient aplastic crisis, nosocomial transmission did not occur--even in the absence of isolation precautions--presumably from the lower level of B19 viremia in our chronically infected (rather than acutely infected) patient.     

Low prevalence of antibody to human parvovirus B19 in Singapore.

A seroepidemiological survey was conducted in Singapore to assess the prevalence of antibody to human parvovirus B19. Sera were collected from 600 healthy individuals between 6 months and over 50 years of age and tested for IgG antibody against B19 virus by antigen capture indirect immunosorbent assay. The overall seropositivity rate was 16.2%. All the children under 5 years of age were seronegative. Antibody prevalence increased gradually from 3.5% in school children (5-14 years of age) to 7.7% in age group 15-19 years and then to 10.3% in young adults (20-24 years of age). In the age group 25-34 years the prevalence was 28% and in the age group over 35 years 65% had parvovirus B19 antibody. The results of the survey indicate that there has been very low incidence of B19 virus infection in Singapore during the last two decades.     

Seroprevalence of human parvovirus B19 in a suburban population in São Paulo, Brazil

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the prevalence of IgG antibodies to human parvovirus B19. METHODS: Cross-sectional study in a suburban community in S?o Paulo, Southeastern Brazil, between November 1990 and January 1991. Randomly selected (N=435) representative samples of sera were collected from healthy children older than 15 days old and adults up to 40 years old. IgG antibodies were detected using ELISA. RESULTS: High prevalence of IgG antibodies to B19 parvovirus was found in 87% of newborns. The prevalence of maternally derived IgG antibodies exponentially plunged up to the 19th month of age. Low prevalence of antibodies was found in the first 4 years of life, increasing up to 72% in those aged 31-40 years. It was estimated that the average age of first infection in this population is 21 +/- 7 years old and the optimal age for vaccination with a hypothetical vaccine would be 1 year of age. CONCLUSIONS: Parvovirus B19 IgG antibody prevalence was high in newborns and those aged 31-40 years. The analysis by age groups showed a pattern similar to that found in previous studies, i.e., low prevalence of infection in children that increases with age.     

Current epidemiological aspects of human parvovirus B19 infection during pregnancy and childhood in the western part of Germany

This investigation was undertaken to provide detailed information on the epidemiology of human parvovirus B19 (B19) infection during pregnancy and childhood in the western part of Germany. Between 1997 and 2004, 40,517 sera from pregnant women aged 17-45 years and 6060 sera from children and young adults were tested for B19 IgG and IgM in our laboratory. In pregnant women, both the history of a 'specific' (OR 7.7, 95% CI 5.2-11.4) and a 'non-specific' rash (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.5-7.1) was predictive for B19 IgM positivity. The B19 IgG prevalence was 69.2% (4097/5924) in a subgroup of asymptomatic pregnant women screened for B19 antibodies. In children, the age-specific IgG-positivity rate increased from 12.2% (66/541) at 2 years of age to 71.9% (396/551) in those older than 10 years. In conclusion, the prevalence of B19 IgG in pregnant women from the western part of Germany is higher then previously reported. Contact with children aged 3-10 years is a major risk factor for exposure to B19. Pregnant women with the history of a 'non-specific' rash should also be evaluated for acute B19 infection.     

The burden of parvovirus B19 infection in women of childbearing age in England and Wales

A serological survey has been used to investigate the epidemiology of parvovirus B19 infection in England and Wales. A total of 2835 sera representing the complete age range were selected from a convenience collection obtained in 1996 that reflects the general population and screened for parvovirus B19-specific IgG. Antibody prevalence rose nonlinearly with age from 21% in those aged 1-4 years to >75% in adults aged > or = 45 years. Force-of-infection estimates were similar to those previously made in 1991, being highest in those aged <15 years. There was no association between evidence of previous infection and sex or region. Quantitatively strongest antibody responses were found in those aged 15-34 years and IgG levels in females were 28.5% higher than those found in males (P=0.004, 95% CI 8.2-52.6). Applying the upper 95% confidence interval for the force of infection to maternity estimates for England and Wales in 1996, parvovirus infection in pregnancy was estimated to occur on average in up to 1 in every 512 pregnancies each year. This represents 1257 maternal infections, causing up to an estimated 59 fetal deaths and 11 cases of hydrops fetalis annually. An analysis of all available laboratory-confirmed parvovirus infections found a mean of 944 infections per year in women aged 15-44 years highlighting a need for enhanced surveillance of maternal parvovirus B19 infection in England and Wales, including information on both pregnancy and outcome of pregnancy.