脾脏淋巴管瘤的彩色多普勒超声表现

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声在脾脏淋巴管瘤诊断中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析6例经手术病理证实的脾脏淋巴管瘤的超声影像资料,注意病变所在部位、大小、形态、边界,重点观察肿物边缘、内部回声及血流信号分布情况。结果 6例患者,2例超声表现为脾脏内不均质高回声团块,边界清、内部略呈蜂窝状改变,病理诊断为海绵状淋巴管瘤。4例超声表现为多分隔不规则囊性包块,囊壁及分隔较粗大,囊壁及分隔可见少量血流信号,病理诊断为囊状淋巴管瘤。结论彩色多普勒超声在脾脏囊状淋巴管瘤诊断中有一定的影像特征,能为临床诊断提供有价值的影像信息。     

卵巢甲状腺肿的超声表现探讨（附14例报告）

目的探讨卵巢甲状腺肿的超声表现。方法回顾性分析14例卵巢甲状腺肿的临床病理资料以及超声图像特征。结果14例卵巢甲状腺肿中,2例实性,7例囊实性,3例多房囊性,2例单房囊性。彩色多普勒超声示7例囊实性卵巢甲状腺肿的实体部分及3例多房囊性卵巢甲状腺肿内的分隔均可见较丰富的点状血流信号,阻力指数0．40～0．59。实性肿瘤及单房囊性肿瘤未见明显血流信号。结论卵巢甲状腺肿超声表现多样化,认识其超声表现对诊断有重要意义。     

多层螺旋CT对卵巢囊腺瘤的诊断价值

目的分析卵巢囊腺瘤的CT影像表现,探讨多层螺旋CT对卵巢囊腺瘤诊断及鉴别诊断的价值。方法回顾性分析经手术及病理证实的28例卵巢囊腺瘤的CT影像表现。结果 28例卵巢囊腺瘤均表现为囊性为主,形态多为圆形或卵圆形,单房或多房,囊壁及分隔多薄而规则。其中浆液性囊腺瘤10例,单房8例,多房2例,内密度较均匀;粘液性囊腺瘤17例,均为多房,各房密度多不均;交界性粘液性囊腺瘤1例,双侧多房,囊壁及分隔厚薄略不均,强化较明显。结论多层螺旋CT能很好显示卵巢囊腺瘤内部特征及其与周围腹盆腔结构的关系,在卵巢囊腺瘤的定位、定性诊断及鉴别诊断中具有重要作用。     

声诺维超声造影在囊性肾癌中的诊断价值

目的：分析囊性肾癌的超声造影表现，探讨其在囊性肾癌中的诊断价值，以提高囊性肾癌的诊断率。方法回顾性分析我院经手术病理证实的21例囊性肾癌的常规超声及超声造影表现，评估指标包括囊壁厚度、囊隔数目、有无实性结节以及囊壁、囊隔或结节处血供情况（包括彩色多普勒及超声造影检查）。结果术前超声诊断符合率90％（19／21），单房囊肿型3例，多房囊肿型12例（2例误诊为复杂性囊肿），囊实混合型6例。注射造影剂后，21例囊性肾癌病灶的囊壁、囊隔或结节均可见造影剂灌注增强，灌注率为100％（21／21）。多表现为早于自身肾皮质的快速高增强，各病灶比常规超声检查显示的更清晰，其中1个病灶的囊隔数目在造影检查后由常规声像图上的无分隔增至少量分隔，2个病灶由少量分隔增至多条分隔。3个病灶的超声造影检查显示囊壁或囊隔厚度大于常规超声所见。超声造影显示6个病灶内有实性附壁结节，其中2个病灶内的附壁结节在常规超声中未探及。结论与常规超声检查相比，超声造影检查能清晰显示囊性肾癌的血供和复杂的内部结构，极大提高了囊性肾癌的诊断。     

二维及彩色多普勒超声对体表静脉畸形的诊断价值

目的：探讨二维及彩色多普勒血流显像对体表软组织静脉畸形的诊断价值。方法：回顾分析36例静脉畸形的彩色多普勒声像图表现。结果：静脉畸形具有不同的二维及彩色多普勒声像图特征。31例共计41处病变,36处病变PSV为0.12～0.36m/s,平均流速0.24m/s,RI：0.67～0.84;5处病变未见明显血流信号。结论：二维及彩色多普勒超声对体表软组织静脉畸形有重要的诊断价值。     

彩色多普勒超声诊断孕晚期胎儿畸形的应用价值分析

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声诊断孕晚期胎儿畸形的应用价值。方法选取孕晚期畸形胎儿40例,全部患儿均接受彩色多普勒超声检查,并以引产或产后结果作为标准,分析彩色多普勒超声诊断孕晚期胎儿畸形的准确率。结果彩色多普勒超声诊断孕晚期胎儿畸形的准确率为97.50%,与引产或产后结果差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05);本组患儿中单发畸形32例,复发畸形5例,多器官畸形3例。结论孕晚期胎儿畸形经彩色多普勒超声诊断的效果显著,准确率高,值得借鉴。     

产前超声诊断胎儿畸形类型及妊娠结局分析

目的：探讨彩色多普勒超声在产前诊断胎儿畸形中的应用价值。方法利用彩色多普勒超声仪对不同妊娠周孕妇进行产前检查,诊断胎儿畸形者与产后检查结果或引产尸检结果对比,分析产前超声诊断的准确率和应用价值。结果不同孕周8726例孕妇通过超声检查确诊的79例胎儿畸形,产后或引产胎儿再次检测结果基本吻合。结论彩色多普勒超声产前检查可动态观察胎儿器官发育和脏器结构异常,无创且可重复性强,诊断率高,是产前筛查胎儿畸形较为可靠的影像学检查方法。     

彩色多普勒超声诊断孕晚期胎儿畸形的应用价值

目的 探讨彩色多普勒超声对孕晚期胎儿畸形的诊断及其临床价值.方法 将32例经彩色多普勒超声检查诊断孕晚期胎儿畸形患者,均经引产证实或产后证实,并进行总结分析.结果 32例经彩色多普勒超声检查诊断胎儿畸形中,符合31例占96.9%,误诊1例占3.1%.其中单发畸形25例占78.1%,复合畸形5例占15.6%,多器官畸形2例占6.3%.结论 彩色多普勒超声检查对孕晚期胎儿畸形的诊断具有重要的临床价值.     

彩色多普勒超声对胎儿心脏畸形的诊断价值

目的对彩色多普勒超声对胎儿心脏畸形的临床诊断价值进行研究分析。方法使用彩色多普勒超声对296例孕龄在21~40周的胎儿的心脏行超声检测,并对超声结果进行分析研究。结果 296例胎儿经彩色多普勒超声中检测出2例完全性心内膜垫缺损,2例三尖瓣下移畸形,2例大血管转位,2例法洛四联症,8例胎儿室间隔缺损,其中合并胎儿淋巴管瘤畸形有2例,8例卵圆孔直径增大>6mm,2例心肌肥厚,34例心律失常。结论使用彩色多普勒超声对胎儿先天性心脏畸形进行诊断,具有安全、无创、精确的特点,是临床诊断的首选办法。     

卵巢浆液性囊腺瘤的CT诊断与鉴别诊断

目的提高对卵巢浆液性囊腺瘤的CT诊断及鉴别诊断。方法回顾性分析经过手术病理证实的16例共17个卵巢浆液性囊腺瘤的CT表现，对其CT表现作回顾性分析，讨论其CT表现特点。结果16例卵巢浆液性囊腺瘤均表现为囊性为主，形态多为圆形或卵圆形，病灶的平均直径〉5cm，囊壁较薄而规则。其中表现为单房12个，多房5个，其中一例双侧发病。结论卵巢浆液性囊腺瘤表现具有特钲性表现，诊断不难。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.