孤独症谱系障碍和精神分裂症青少年的面部表情识别能力

目的:探讨孤独症谱系障碍、精神分裂症青少年的面部表情识别能力特点。方法:入组12～18岁孤独症谱系障碍患者77例、精神分裂症患者67例及年龄相匹配的正常发育青少年68例,完成面部表情识别任务测查。结果:孤独症谱系障碍组基础面部表情识别任务总分低于精神分裂症组及正常发育组(Ps<0.05),精神分裂症组和正常发育组间无统计学差异(P>0.05);孤独症谱系障碍组和精神分裂症组间复杂表情识别任务总分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但两组均低于正常对照组(均P<0.001)。结论:孤独症谱系障碍和精神分裂症青少年均存在面部表情识别缺陷,孤独症谱系障碍表现为基础和复杂面部表情识别缺陷,而精神分裂症表现为复杂面部表情识别缺陷。     

3～6岁自闭症儿童面部表情识别的眼动实验

目的:探讨3~6岁自闭症儿童面部表情识别的影响因素。方法:采用眼动技术,观察高言语水平组与低语言水平组对不同情绪类型的陌生者面部表情和熟悉者面部表情图片的注视情况。结果:(1)在注视时间、注视点个数、注视率3项因变量指标上,言语能力的主效应均不显著(P0.05);(2)在注视点个数以及注视率上,表情性质的主效应显著(F=6.35,3.97;P0.05);(3)在注视时间上,面孔分区与熟悉度的交互作用显著(F=6.43,P0.05);(4)在注视点个数和注视率上,熟悉度与表情性质的交互作用显著(F=4.29,P0.05;F=6.73,P0.01)。结论:言语能力对自闭症儿童面部表情识别的影响较小;自闭症儿童对熟悉面孔的识别能力较好;自闭症儿童整体表现出对积极表情和消极情表情的注意偏好。     

稳定期抑郁症患者的面部表情识别特点

目的:探讨稳定期抑郁症患者对五种基本面部表情的识别特点。方法:选取80例病情稳定期的抑郁症患者(符合DSM-IV重性抑郁发作的诊断标准)和41例年龄、性别、受教育程度匹配的正常对照。采用自行设计的电脑模拟的卡通人物面部表情,分别有4位女性和4位男性面部随机展示出五种基本表情包括愤怒、蔑视、恐惧、高兴和悲伤。首先展示40个静态表情,然后40个以动画的形式从无表情转变成5种表情动态过程。所有受试者完成面部表情识别,判断受试者对面部表情识别率是否存在差异。结果:抑郁症患者对蔑视的识别正确率低于正常对照(93%vs.94%,P0.05);患者对动态表情-蔑视的识别正确率低于正常对照(93%vs.95%,P0.05)。抑郁症患者对恐惧的识别正确率低于正常对照(89%vs.93%,P0.05);患者对动态表情-恐惧的识别正确率低于正常对照(90%vs.94%,P0.05)。抑郁症患者较正常对照易将恐惧错选成愤怒(3.7%vs.1.8%)和蔑视(2.9%vs.0.9%),将悲伤错选成蔑视(5.0%vs.1.7%)和高兴(2.0%vs.0.2%)的比例高(均P0.05)。结论:抑郁症患者对蔑视和恐惧的识别正确率低,容易误将恐惧识别成愤怒和蔑视,误将悲伤识别成蔑视和高兴。     

阿斯伯格综合征儿童对人物基本面部表情的识别特点

目的:了解阿斯伯格综合征(Asperger syndrome,AS)儿童对人物基本面部表情的识别能力和特征。方法:使用本研究研发的面部表情识别测试软件系统对22例符合美国精神障碍诊断和统计手册第四版(the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,4th edition,DSM-Ⅳ)AS诊断标准的门诊AS儿童和20例性别、年龄等一般情况相匹配的正常对照儿童进行测试。以不同呈现方式下的面部表情识别的正确率与反应时为分析指标。结果:AS儿童对正立面部表情、上半部面孔表情的识别正确率均低于正常对照儿童,且反应时间延迟。AS儿童对整体面部表情的识别仅优于下半面孔,而正常儿童对整体面部表情的识别率优于上半和下半面孔。AS儿童与正常儿童对正立(整体)面孔的识别均优于倒立面孔。结论:阿斯伯格综合征儿童对人物面部表情的识别能力较正常儿童差,但尚具有一定的面孔整体加工能力,与正常儿童同样具有倒置面孔效应。     

社会性发展延缓大学生对面部表情识别的实验研究

目的:考察社会性发展延缓大学生对面部表情图片识别的特点。方法:在福州市3所高校中筛选出72名大学生,社会性发展延缓组和正常组各36人。在中国面孔表情图片系统(CAFPS)中选取54张标准化的图片为实验材料,两组分别完成面部表情识别任务。结果:延缓组对正性、负性面部表情识别正确率均低于正常组(均P0.05);延缓组识别正性面部表情的正确率高于负性面部表情(P0.05),而正常组识别正、负性面孔表情图片的正确率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。延缓组对高兴、惊奇、悲伤、愤怒、恐惧表情识别的正确率均低正常组(均P0.05),而在兴奋表情上的正确率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:社会性发展延缓大学生对面部表情图片的识别能力差于社会性发展正常大学生。     

团体心理咨询对社会性发展迟滞大学生面部表情识别的随机对照研究

目的:探讨团体心理咨询对提高社会性发展迟滞大学生面部表情识别能力的有效性及可行性。方法:选取24名社会性发展迟滞大学生[大学生社会性发展水平评定量表(SCSSD)总分<9分]完成面部表情识别任务,将其随机分到团体心理咨询组(咨询组)和对照组,每组各1人。咨询组接受9次团体心理咨询(每周1次,每次2 h),对照组处于常态。结果:团体心理咨询后,咨询组对高兴、惊奇、悲伤、愤怒、恐惧面部表情图片和正负性表情图片识别的正确率均高于对照组(均P<0.05)。组内比较结果发现,咨询组在团体心理咨询后对高兴、惊奇、悲伤、愤怒、恐惧及正负性面部表情图片识别正确率均高于团体心理咨询前(均P<0.05);对照组基线与干预后各项评分差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论:团体心理咨询可以提升社会性发展迟滞大学生面部表情的识别能力。     

学龄前孤独症谱系儿童对人物面部表情的识别特征

目的:测试学龄前孤独症儿童对人物静态面部表情的识别能力和特点。方法:使用自制人物面部开心、吃惊、害怕、生气、讨厌、伤心、中性七种表情图,对13例4～8岁孤独症男童和23例3～5岁正常对照组男童进行了测试分析,两组儿童在发展年龄上作了匹配(3.66±0.44岁)。结果:两组儿童在识别七种表情照片的正确率上无显著性差异(P>0.05);各表情类别识认比较,孤独症组识别伤心、害怕、讨厌及吃惊表情正确率高于对照儿童(P<0.05);孤独症组识别表情的正确率依次是:开心>伤心>生气>害怕>讨厌>吃惊>中性;而对照组则为:开心>生气>伤心>害怕>中性>讨厌>吃惊。结论:孤独症儿童对七种面部表情的命名性识别与正常儿童无明显差异,但识别基本面部表情的模式与正常儿童有所不同。     

孤独症儿童对静态与动态面部表情识别的比较

目的比较孤独症儿童对静态和动态面部表情识别的差异。方法采用45名被试进行3(被试类型:ASD、ID、TD)×2(呈现方式:静态、动态)×3(面部表情:高兴、中性、愤怒)三因素重复测量实验,考察孤独症儿童、智力障碍儿童、正常儿童在呈现静态与动态表情时,对高兴、中性和生气表情的识别能力。结果在正确率层面,被试类型、呈现方式和表情类型的交互效应显著(F==2.02,P0.01),孤独症儿童在两种呈现方式下的表情识别率显著低于对照组被试。在反应时层面,被试类型、呈现方式和表情类型的交互效应显著(F==5.96,P0.01),孤独症儿童在两种呈现方式的表情反应时显著慢于对照组被试。结论孤独症儿童对积极表情的识别能力优于消极表情;孤独症儿童对静态表情的识别能力优于动态表情。     

男性重性抑郁症患者识别动态面部表情情绪偏向性的fMRI研究

目的:抑郁症患者存在负性认知模式,本研究旨在探讨男性抑郁症患者识别动态面部表情情绪偏向性的神经基础.方法:利用1.5T功能核磁共振成像系统检测12名男性抑郁症患者及相匹配的12名健康男性识别悲伤、喜悦及中性面部表情视频时的脑部反应.功能:MRI原始图像数据经转化格式,SPM2软件处理,配对t检验统计分析.结果:与正常对照相比,抑郁症患者明确识别喜悦情感(识别喜悦表情-识别中性表情)时活动增加的脑区有右枕中回(BA37)、左额中回(BA6)、左顶下小叶(BA40)、左中央前回(BA6)、左中央后回(BA2),而活动降低的脑区有左颞上回(BA38)、左颞中回(BA21)、右额下回(BA10).明确识别悲伤情感(识别悲伤表情-识别中性表情)时活动增加的脑区包括右额中回(BA6)、左扣带回(BA31),右梭状回(BA20)、右中央后回(BA2).但正常对照较抑郁症患者在悲伤情绪的识别中未发现显著激活增强的脑区.结论:抑郁症患者明确识别动态面部表情的神经基础与正常对照存在差异,表现为需要更多脑区参与情绪刺激的识别,尤其在悲伤情绪识别中,情绪相关脑区活动增加明显.     

面部表情反馈对大学生心理亚健康影响的实验研究

目的 通过面部表情反馈实验,探索面部表情的调节对心理亚健康的影响.方法 运用亚健康自评量表和症状自评量表(SCL- 90)进行问卷调查筛选,选取21名被试通过匹配分成实验组1、实验组2、控制组进行面部表情反馈实验研究.结果 实验组1与控制组的后侧比较,实验组1在躯体化,人际敏感,焦虑和精神病性上显著低于控制组(t=-2.25,-2.45,-2.42,-2.39;P＜0.05);实验组2与控制组的后侧比较,实验组2在躯体化上,人际敏感和焦虑显著低于控制组(t=-2.06,-2.16,-2.23;P＜0.05);而实验组1和实验组2相比没有显著差异.结论 面部表情反馈对大学生心理亚健康有明显的影响.     

Facial Reactions to Facial Expressions

Previous research has demonstrated that different patterns of facial muscle activity are correlated with different emotional states. In the present study subjects were exposed to pictures of happy and angry facial expressions, in response to which their facial electromyographic (EMG) activities, heart rate (HR), and palmar skin conductance responses (SCRs) were recorded. It was found that happy and angry faces evoked different facial EMG response patterns, with increased zygomatic region activity to happy stimuli and increased corrugator region activity to angry stimuli. Furthermore, both happy and angry faces evoked HR decelerations and similar SCR magnitudes. The results are interpreted as suggesting that facial EMG recordings provide a method for distinguishing between response patterns to “positive” and “negative” emotional visual stimuli.     

Facial dyskinesias

The face is prominently or exclusively involved in several involuntary movement disorders, called "facial dyskinesias," in addition to the common buccolingual form of tardive dyskinesia. This review describes the appearance of the most frequently occurring facial dyskinesias: chorea, dystonia, tremor, and tics. Some new treatments are discussed.     

面部皮肤结节

1.病例简介:患者男,36岁.因"右面部皮肤红疹1个月"于2007年4月来我院就诊.体检:右面部皮肤红疹1.5 cm×1.5cm×1.0 cm,突出皮肤,结节状,色暗红.未发现其余部位皮肤病变和淋巴结肿大.遂行面部结节切除.     

面部皮肤结节

1.病例简介:患者男,36岁.因"右面部皮肤红疹1个月"于2007年4月来我院就诊.体检:右面部皮肤红疹1.5 cm×1.5cm×1.0 cm,突出皮肤,结节状,色暗红.未发现其余部位皮肤病变和淋巴结肿大.遂行面部结节切除.     

面部皮肤结节

1.病例简介:患者男,36岁.因"右面部皮肤红疹1个月"于2007年4月来我院就诊.体检:右面部皮肤红疹1.5 cm×1.5cm×1.0 cm,突出皮肤,结节状,色暗红.未发现其余部位皮肤病变和淋巴结肿大.遂行面部结节切除.     

The Effects of Directional Facial Cues on Electrodermal Conditioning to Facial Stimuli

The present two Experiments demonstrate that the orientation of angry facial expressions is a critical cue when faces serve as conditioned stimuli during aversive electrodermal conditioning. Experiment 1 demonstrated that responses conditioned to angry faces directed toward the subjects showed significant resistance to extinction whereas responses conditioned to angry faces directed away extinguished immediately during extinction. Experiment 2 was designed to investigate whether the orientation factor was effective only during extinction, i.e. whether the orientation was a performance variable, or if the observed effect originated from factors active during acquisition, i.e. if the orientation primarily influenced learning. When the orientation was shifted between the acquisition and the extinction phase, it was found that it did not matter what direction the faces had during acquisition; it was only during extinction that the faces needed to be directed toward the subjects to evoke persistent responding. These results suggest that the subjects acquired a conditioned response to the angry face regardless of its direction, but that this learning effect remained only when the angry face was directed toward the subject during extinction.     

Facial Transplantation Surgery Introduction

Severely disfiguring facial injuries can have a devastating impact on the patient''s quality of life. During the past decade, vascularized facial allotransplantation has progressed from an experimental possibility to a clinical reality in the fields of disease, trauma, and congenital malformations. This technique may now be considered a viable option for repairing complex craniofacial defects for which the results of autologous reconstruction remain suboptimal. Vascularized facial allotransplantation permits optimal anatomical reconstruction and provides desired functional, esthetic, and psychosocial benefits that are far superior to those achieved with conventional methods. Along with dramatic improvements in their functional statuses, patients regain the ability to make facial expressions such as smiling and to perform various functions such as smelling, eating, drinking, and speaking. The ideas in the 1997 movie "Face/Off" have now been realized in the clinical field. The objective of this article is to introduce this new surgical field, provide a basis for examining the status of the field of face transplantation, and stimulate and enhance facial transplantation studies in Korea.