快速康复外科在LC联合ERCP治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石中的应用

目的探讨快速康复外科（FTS）理念在腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）联合经内镜逆行胰胆管造影（ERCP）治疗胆囊结石并胆总管结石中的应用价值。方法选择2010年8月至2011年8月期间在我院择期行LC及ERCP胆管取石患者120例,采用FTS理念指导下的围手术期处理方法（FTS组,n=55）和传统的围手术期处理方法（传统组,n=65）,比较2组患者的术后切口疼痛和恶心呕吐情况、输液时间、体质量下降、下床活动时间、进食时间、术后住院时间、住院费用及并发症的差异。结果 FTS组术后输液时间、下床活动时间、进食时间及住院时间均明显短于传统组（P〈0.05）,其肺部感染率、泌尿系统感染率及胰腺炎、切口疼痛和恶心呕吐发生率均明显低于传统组（P〈0.05）,住院费用较传统组也明显减少（P〈0.05）,体质量下降程度也低于传统组（P〈0.05）,但术后24 h白细胞和血清淀粉酶比较,2组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论 FTS理念在LC联合ERCP治疗胆囊结石并胆总管结石中安全、经济、有效。     

加速康复外科理念在口腔癌患者围术期护理中的应用

目的 探讨加速康复外科理念在促进口腔癌患者康复中的有效性及安全性.方法 将128例头颈外科口腔癌患者按入院时间分为常规组和FTS组,各64例.两组均给予常规护理,FTS组在此基础上采取缩短术前禁食禁饮时间、术中主动保温及限制性输液、术后及早进食及活动,尽早拔除各种管道,术后积极镇痛等措施.结果 两组患者术后并发症(除呕吐外)与住院时间、输液时间、住院费用及患者满意度比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论 加速康复外科理念护理可保证口腔癌围术期患者治疗的安全性与有效性,缩短患者住院时间,促进患者康复.     

幕上肿瘤手术患者基于加速康复护理的术前禁食方案改良

目的探讨改良术前禁食方案对幕上肿瘤手术患者术后康复的影响。方法将188例幕上肿瘤手术患者随机分成观察组95例和对照组93例,对照组按照常规术前禁食禁饮10 h。观察组术前进食含糖清流质,至术前2 h禁食禁饮。采用视觉模拟评分评价患者术前口渴、饥饿程度及低血糖等并发症发生率。结果观察组术前口渴、饥饿评分,术后高血糖、电解质紊乱发生率显著低于对照组(P 0. 05,P 0. 01)。结论改良术前禁食方案能显著改善幕上肿瘤患者术前口渴、饥饿感,减少术后应激性高血糖和电解质紊乱发生,有利于促进患者术后快速康复。     

ERCP联合LC对胆囊结石并胆总管结石的疗效及对炎症因子水平的影响

分析ERCP联合LC对胆囊结石并胆总管结石的疗效及对炎症因子水平的影响。选取胆囊结石并胆总管结石患者210例,对照组采用开腹手术治疗,观察组采用ERCP联合LC治疗。结果发现观察组患者出血量少于对照组,术后禁食时间、术后排便时间及住院时间均短于对照组,术后2d、3d及4d累积进食比例均高于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者治疗后hs-CRP水平较治疗前降低,TNF-α和IL-1β水平较治疗前上升,观察组患者并发症率为2.73%,对照组为10.00%(P0.05)。ERCP联合LC治疗胆囊结石并胆总管下段结石具有创伤小、恢复快、术后并发症少的特点,并可以降低患者炎性反应,促进患者恢复。     

加速康复外科在日间病房内镜逆行胰胆管造影治疗胆总管结石中的应用

目的探讨加速康复外科（ERAS）在日间病房内镜逆行胰胆管造影（ERCP）治疗胆总管结石（CBDS）中的安全性、有效性。 方法回顾性分析2015年4月至2018年4月新疆医科大学第一附属医院肝胆包虫科接受ERCP术治疗的CBDS患者211例。其中在2015年4月至2016年3月间接受传统治疗的患者85例，设为传统治疗组；2016年4月至2018年4月间接受ERAS日间治疗的126例，设为ERAS日间组。分析比较两组患者围手术期及随访情况。 结果ERAS日间组患者的首次进食时间、下床活动时间显著早于传统治疗组（P<0.05），平均术后住院时间、医疗费用、口渴/饥饿感、术后恶心呕吐（PONV）发生率、腹胀腹痛发生率及术后3、12 h血清淀粉酶水平明显低于传统治疗组（P<0.05）；ERAS日间组患者满意度评分为（96.66±3.39）分，显著高于传统治疗组的（90.25±4.87）分（t=10.54，P<0.05），术后疼痛评分显著低于传统治疗组（z=-5.12，P<0.05）。两组患者无一例30 d内再入院，术后并发症发生率、白细胞计数比较，差异无统计学意义。 结论在ERAS模式下行日间ERCP治疗CBDS是安全可行的，可加快患者康复，减轻术后疼痛，提高患者满意度。     

早期内镜治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎46例临床研究

目的探讨急性胆源性胰腺炎患者早期行内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)和内镜治疗的临床疗效及安全性。方法将我院2005年1月至2010年7月期间住院治疗的91例急性胆源性胰腺炎患者按治疗方式分为ERCP组(46例)和内科保守治疗组(简称对照组,45例)。所有病例均给予积极的常规综合治疗,ERCP组在入院后48 h内行内镜治疗。观察两组的临床疗效并对相关指标(腹痛缓解时间、体温恢复正常时间、白细胞恢复正常时间、肝功能恢复正常时间、血淀粉酶降至正常时间、平均住院时间及死亡率)进行对比分析。结果 ERCP组ERCP诊断胆总管结石27例,单纯胆囊结石6例,十二指肠乳头旁巨大憩室3例,化脓性胆管炎4例,胆总管下段狭窄3例,ERCP未见异常3例。27例胆总管结石患者中20例行内镜下乳头括约肌切开术(EST),4例行乳头开窗术,3例胆总管微小结石行气囊取石术。27例患者中应用胆道网篮、气囊一次性取石成功20例,7例患者因合并化脓性胆管炎或结石巨大,取石困难,先给予急诊内镜鼻胆管引流术(ENBD),待病情稳定后再行EST取石和(或)碎石治疗。3例十二指肠乳头旁巨大憩室和3例胆总管下段狭窄行EST,4例化脓性胆管炎仅行ENBD。所有患者均行ENBD。ERCP组患者腹痛缓解时间、体温恢复正常时间、白细胞恢复正常时间、肝功能恢复正常时间及平均住院时间均明显短于对照组(P0.05)。血淀粉酶降至正常时间及死亡率两组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论急性胆源性胰腺炎患者早期行ERCP能够明确病因,而且内镜治疗微创、安全、有效,能明显缩短住院时间。     

腹腔镜联合ERCP治疗胆囊结石伴胆总管结石52例临床分析

目的探讨逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP)联合腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)对胆囊结石伴胆总管结石治疗的临床应用。方法 52例胆囊结石伴胆总管结石病变患者,先用ERCP、乳头切开术(EST)取石;或ERCP和鼻胆管引流(ENBD)及柱状气囊扩张术(EPBD)治疗,术后6~10天,患者无发热、腹痛,血淀粉酶正常,再按常规四孔法施行LC。结果 52例成功完成ERCP术。52例胆总管结石全部取尽并完成LC术。2例(3.8%)ERCP术后急性轻型胰腺炎,无LC和EST相关并发症。结论 ERCP联合腹腔镜对胆囊结石伴胆管病变的治疗,符合外科微创诊治理念,是外科微创术式的可靠选择。     

快速康复外科理念在一孔双视免气腹腔镜围手术期护理中的应用研究

目的:探讨快速康复外科理念在一孔双视免气腹腔镜胆囊切除术围手术期护理中的应用价值。方法:回顾分析2011年10月～2012年5月在我院行一孔双视免气腹腔镜胆囊切除术的60例病例,随机分为快速康复外科理念组(n=30)和对照组(n=30),比较两组术后下床活动时间、进食、排气、排便时间及住院时间的差异。结果:快速康复外科理念组术后下床活动时间,进食、排气、排便时间以及住院时间明显缩短(P<0.05)。结论:快速康复外科理念应用于一孔双视免气腹腔镜胆囊切除术的围手术护理是安全可行的,它能促进患者康复,减少患者住院时间、提高医院护理服务质量。     

经内镜逆行胰胆管造影围手术期营养支持的误区

目的 探讨经内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)围手术期营养支持的合理性.方法 对2003年4月-2008年10月期间,对首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院普外科收住的采用内镜进行ERCP诊断和治疗的114例患者进行回顾性分析,分析ERCP围手术期营养支持的临床价值及并发症.结果 内镜进行ERCP诊断和治疗患者114例,其中46例患者围手术期给予脂肪乳、氨基酸等肠外营养支持(营养支持组),68例仅给予常规糖电解质输液(常规输液组);63例患者术后禁食12 h,51例患者术后禁食24 h.营养支持组和常规输液组在术后住院天数、并发症的发生数均无明显性差异,但住院费用营养支持组明显高于常规输液组;术后禁食12 h组与术后禁食24 h组在术后住院天数、住院费用和并发症的发生数均无明显性差异.114例患者围手术期无死亡病例.结论 ERCP围手术期营养支持没必要过量使用,对于成功完成ERCP的患者,术后早期进食是安全的.     

两种术前禁饮食方案在经皮内镜椎间盘切除术中的应用比较

目的比较在经皮内镜椎间盘切除术中应用加速康复外科(enhanced recovery after surgery,ERAS)与传统两种术前禁饮食方案对患者术中术后的影响。方法选择某三甲医院骨科经皮内镜椎板间入路椎间盘切除术的患者197例,采用随机数字表法将患者随机分为实验组(98例)和对照组(99例)。实验组给予ERAS术前禁饮食方案,对照组给予传统术前禁饮食方案。比较两组患者术中误吸、手术结束时口渴、手术结束时饥饿、术后12h内恶心呕吐腹胀、术后进食时间、术后首次排气时间、住院时间、住院满意度、住院费用的差别。结果实验组患者手术结束时口渴、饥饿感低于对照组(P0.05),实验组患者住院满意度高于对照组(P0.01),两组患者术中误吸、术后12h内恶心呕吐腹胀、术后进食时间、术后首次排气时间、住院时间及住院费用比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论在经皮内镜椎间盘切除术中采用ERAS术前禁饮食方案可行。     

Hyperbaric Oxygen and N-Acetylcysteine Treatment in L-Arginine-Induced Acute Pancreatitis in Rats

ABSTRACT

Background: This study was designed to evaluate the combined effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on acute necrotizing pancreatitis in rats. Methods: Experiments were performed in 50 male Wistar rats, which were divided into five groups (N = 10 for each group). The first group received normal saline (0.9% NaCl) intraperitoneal and served as the control group. In the second group, acute pancreatitis was induced by 3.2-g/kg body weight L-arginine intraperitoneal twice at an interval of 1 hr, which has been shown previously to produce severe necrotizing acute pancreatitis. In the third group, NAC treatment (1000 mg/kg) was given after 1 hr of the induction of acute pancreatitis twice 24 hr apart. In the fourth group, animals received HBO, 6 hr after the induction of pancreatitis twice 12 hr apart. In the fifth group, animals received together NAC as in Group 3 and HBO treatment as in Group 4. Groups 1, 2, and 3 were left under normal atmospheric pressures. Twelve hours after last treatment, the animals were killed by exsanguinations. Blood samples were studied for amylase, calcium, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), pancreatic histology, pancreatic tissue malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione levels. Results: Acute pancreatitis is reduced by the treatment of NAC, HBO, NAC + HBO. HBO + NAC groups performed statistically the best in preventing L-arginine-induced acute necrotising pancreatitis. Conclusions: NAC especially combined with HBO, decreases oxidative stress parameters, serum amylase, calcium, and LDH levels, as well as histopathologic score.     

硝普钠阴茎海绵体内注射治疗阳萎的临床研究

本研究选择４２例阳萎患者，采用硝普钠进行阴茎海绵体注射（ＩＣＩ），并选择罂粟碱／酚妥拉明进行对照，结果表明，硝普钠ＩＣＩ后：（１）阴茎外形性状（长度、周径等）明显改变。（２）Ｖｉｒａｇ硬度计点表明硝普钠与罂粟碱／酚妥拉明效果之间无明显差别。（３）所有测试患者无一例出现低血压或局部不适等副反应，与罂粟碱／酚妥拉明相比各有优劣，但总体差异不大，这充分表明，硝普钠作为一种ＮＯ供体可导致阴茎平滑肌松弛，血窦充盈阴茎勃起，其副反应较小，有其临床应用之价值。     

糖皮质激素对肿瘤坏死因子引起的大鼠中性粒细胞粘附的影响

采用中性粒细胞（ＰＭＮ）与玻璃珠粘附和ＰＭＮ与血管内皮细胞（ＥＣ）粘附两种模型，以肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦ），作为ＰＭＮ的刺激因子，研究糖皮质激素（ＧＣ）对ＴＮＦ引起的大鼠ＰＭＮ粘附的影响，同时给予糖皮质激素受体（ＧＲ）阻断剂ＲＵ３８４８６观察ＧＲ在粘附中的作用。结果发现，ＴＮＦ能明显增强大鼠ＰＭＮ的粘附（Ｐ＜０．０１）；Ｄｅｘ不能抑制经ＴＮＦ预处理的ＰＭＮ的粘附（Ｐ＞０．０５），但有一定的预防作用；经ＴＮＦ预处理再同时给予Ｄｅｘ和ＲＵ３８４８６的ＰＭＮ粘附同样明显增强（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

Kelfiprim,a new sulpha-trimethoprim combination,versus cotrimoxazole,in the treatment of urinary tract infections: A multicentre,double-blind trial

Summary A new combination of trimethoprim with a sulphonamide, named Kelfiprim, differs from cotrimoxazole in that: a) the sulpha drug is sulphamethopyrazine instead of sulphamethoxazole; b) the trimethoprim to sulpha ratio is 5:4 instead of 1:5;c) the presence of a long-acting sulphonamide allows the administration of a daily dose of one capsule, following an initial loading dose of two capsules; d) a reduced amount of trimethoprim is given, as compared to cotrimoxazole, without any decrease of efficacy. Kelfiprim [KP] was compared to contrimoxazole [Co] in a multicentre double blind trial. Sixty four patients suffering from acute and chronic infections of the upper and lower urinary tract entered the study. Urine sterilisation and clinical improvement without relapses showed no differences from the two treatment groups. Tolerance was excellent except in two patients, one treated with KP and the other treated with Co, who showed a transient exanthema.     

Time-dependent hexaminolaevulinate induced protoporphyrin IX distribution after topical application in patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: A fluorescence microscopy study

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Compared to the conventional management of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) the potential advantage of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for the treatment of cervical human papilloma virus (HPV)-related disease encompasses a minimal invasive procedure with reduced risk of profuse bleeding as a consequence of conization, and possibly more favorable long-term results avoiding cervical stenosis. At present little is known about the precise time-dependent distribution and histological localization of hexaminolaevulinate (HAL) induced protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) fluorescence in healthy tissue and in CIN. The aim of this study was to use ex vivo fluorescence microscopy to determine whether PPIX is selectively induced by neoplastic cells of the cervical epithelium at various times after topical application. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cold cream containing 0.5% HAL was applied by means of cervical cap over various periods of time. We analyzed 52 healthy cervical mucosa and 84 CINs. RESULTS: At time delay 100 (+/-10) minutes, high epithelial fluorescence and a significant selectivity between epithelium and underlying lamina propria was found. By contrast, no significant difference between healthy and neoplastic tissues, or between low and high-grade epithelial dysplasia (P > or = 0.05), was observed at any time point. CONCLUSIONS: Application of HAL 0.5% cream to the cervix induced selective fluorescence in epithelial cells. The optimal ratio with a homogeneous PPIX distribution was obtained after 100 ( +/- 10) minutes cream application, which should be evaluated further for PDT.     

An updated review on the principles of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring and the anaesthetic considerations

It is known that any surgery to the nervous system poses risks to neural structures and their surrounding structures. These mechanisms of injury are the result of mechanical manipulations, haemodynamic alterations, chemical or thermal injuries. Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM), using various modalities, is employed to facilitate the assessment of the functional integrity of neural structures, and it is used to provide a real-time alerting system when changes caused by surgically induced insults are detected. The primary goal of IONM is reducing the risk of postoperative neurological deficits during these surgical procedures. It is used to provide information that allows the surgeon to correct any surgical interventions that may have compromised these systems and this also in turn provides guidance on what neurological deficits to anticipate postoperatively. Apart from being utilized as an alerting system to avoid catastrophic outcomes, IONM also assists as a guidance system using stimulation techniques to map out eloquent areas within the cortex, allowing identification of specific neuronal structures, particularly when landmarks cannot be easily recognized due to infiltration by pathological lesions.In this article, we focus on updating our previous paper published in 2019 and again, to provide attention to the various neurophysiological modalities that are employed in IONM. We will look at the basic underlying physiological principles and their individual indications for use clinically. We will explain the information that each modality provides. Importantly, and the primary reason for this article, we look at the various anaesthetic agents, their effects on each neurophysiological modality and other anaesthetic considerations such as haemodynamic and temperature effects. We will also recommend the use of an alert checklist for the multidisciplinary team should an intraoperative alert be issued during surgical procedures.