胃肠道间质瘤21例临床分析

目的探讨胃肠道间质瘤(GIST)临床特点及诊断治疗。方法回顾性分析2007年10月—2010年3月收治的21例GIST患者的临床资料。结果 21例GIST均经病理等检查证实为良性间质瘤10例,恶性8例,交界性3例。肿瘤大小与良恶性相关。全部病例均行外科手术切除,无手术并发症及手术死亡病例。结论 CD117和CD34阳性表达是诊断GIST最可靠的辅助指标。外科手术和分子靶向治疗是GIST的主要治疗手段。     

52例胃肠间质瘤临床病理与诊治分析

目的：探讨胃肠道间质瘤（GIST）的病理以及诊疗方法。方法：回顾性分析2000～2008年收治52例GIST临床及病理资料。结果：所有肿瘤均完整切除，52例CD117阳性，41例CD34阳性。结论：CD117和CD34是确诊GIST有价值的免疫标记物；手术切除为主要治疗方法。     

胃肠道间质瘤18例临床诊治回顾分析

目的探讨胃肠道间质瘤(GIST)患者的临床特点、诊断和治疗。方法回顾分析我院收治的18例GIST患者的诊疗情况。结果 18例均经术后病理确诊,肿瘤位于胃12例,小肠4例,结肠2例。16例完整切除,2例姑息切除,CD117阳性率96.2%,CD34阳性率75.6%。结论 GIST是一类具有恶性倾向的起源于胃肠道间叶组织的肿瘤,生物学行为多变,其确诊主要依靠病理及免疫组化,CD117是诊断胃肠道间质瘤的重要标记物,手术及应用分子靶向药物为主要治疗方法。     

40例胃肠道间质瘤的临床病理观察及免疫组化分析

目的探讨胃肠道间质瘤(GIST)的临床病理及免疫组化特点。方法对40例胃肠道间叶组织来源肿瘤进行回顾性分析,观察其临床特点,并应用CD117、CD34、SMA、S-100、Desmin共5种抗体对肿瘤进行免疫组化标记。结果 40例中CD117、CD34、SMA、S-100、Desmin阳性率分别是97.5%、85%、12.5%、5%、2%。其中极低及低度危险组CD11720例(20/20)均阳性,中度危险组CD11714例(13/14)阳性,高度危险组CD1176例(6/6)阳性。对照组平滑肌瘤及神经鞘瘤CD117均阴性。结论 CD117、CD34阳性表达是诊断胃肠道间质瘤最可靠的辅助指标。但这些抗体的表达与GIST的危险程度和组织学类型无关。     

胃肠道间质瘤的研究进展

胃肠道间质瘤(GIST)是胃肠道最常见的间叶源性肿瘤.GIST中C-kit基因突变,导致KIT酪氨酸激酶持续活化,细胞增殖分化失控,最终导致肿瘤.CD117的表达,对GIST的诊断有重要价值.格列卫(imatinib)为酪氨酸激酶抑制剂,治疗GIST取得了良好效果.     

24例胃肠道间质瘤病理与免疫组化分析

目的探讨胃肠道间质瘤的病理和免疫组化的特点及之间的关系。方法免疫组化标记CD117、CD34、SMA、S-100蛋白4种抗体于胃肠道间叶源性肿瘤,确诊24例间质瘤,对其进行临床病理组织学和免疫组化分析。结果免疫组化显示24例GIST中CD117阳性表达率为87.5%,CD34的阳性表达率为79.2%;SMA的阳性表达率为41.7%;S-100的阳性表达率为8.3%。结论CD117、CD34对胃肠间质瘤特异性表达,具有临床应用的价值。GIST多发于中老年,肿瘤细胞形态多样,结构多样;免疫组化CD117和CD34阳性表达是确诊间质瘤最有诊断价值的依据,但间质瘤良、恶性诊断上仍需结合肿瘤的大体、组织学形态及生物学行为等综合考虑。     

胃肠道间质瘤临床治疗进展

胃肠道间质瘤(Gastrointestinal stromal tumors，GIST)是一种非定向分化的胃肠道最常见的间叶源性肿瘤(Gastrointestinal mesenchymal tumors，GIMT)，其起源和分化至今尚未明确。随着对GIST研究的不断深入，特别是将免疫组化CD117、CD34作为诊断胃肠道间质瘤标记物以来，胃肠道间质瘤的发病率呈增多趋势。以往由于人们对其认识有限。胃肠道间质瘤的治疗效果较差。     

胃肠间质瘤的临床病理特点和治疗

目的 探讨胃肠道间质瘤（GIST）的临床表现、组织学和免疫组化的特点及治疗方法。方法 回顾总结2000年1月至2005年6月收治的32例GIST患者的临床和组织学资料，应用免疫组化方法进行分析研究。结果 GIST主要发生在胃（56.25％）和小肠（31．25％），结直肠少见（6．25％）。CD117阳性表达率为93．75％，CD34阳性表达率为76．8％。结论 GIST是胃肠道最常见的间质性肿瘤，CD117和CD34标记阳性是确诊GIST最有价值的诊断依据，手术是主要的治疗手段。     

胃肠道间质瘤23例临床病理分析

目的探讨胃肠道间质瘤(GIST)临床病理和免疫组化特点。方法对23例GIST标本进行临床病理观察及免疫组织化学检查。结果23例GIST中良性4例,交界性7例,恶性12例。瘤细胞为梭形或上皮样,或两者混合存在。免疫组化表型为CD117和CD34,阳性率分别为95.7%及65.2%。结论GIST是胃肠道最常见的间叶性肿瘤,有较为独特的组织学形态,免疫组织化学CD117敏感性强、特异性高,是胃肠道间质瘤可靠的标记物;CD34表达率较高,可作为诊断的参考指标,CD117及CD34等免疫标记物联合使用对其作出正确诊断起互补作用。     

胃肠道间质瘤的临床病理及免疫组织化学分析

目的 探讨胃肠道间质瘤(GIST)的临床病理及免疫组织化学特点.方法 对6例胃肠道间质瘤进行临床病理观察,并应用CD117、CD34、SMA、S-100和Desmin进行免疫组织化学标记,结合随访资料进行分析.结果 6例GIST中恶性4例,交界性2例,瘤细胞呈梭形或上皮样形或两者混合存在,免疫组化标记CD117 6例全部阳性,CD34 4例阳性.结论 GIST主要发生于中老年人,CD117阳性对诊断有确定作用,CD34表达对诊断也有重要意义,肿瘤大小及核分裂数是判断肿瘤良恶性的重要指标.     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.