氨基酸对未成熟心肌保护作用的实验研究

研究天门冬氨酸或（和）谷氨酸强化血停搏液对未成熟心肌的保护效果。将２４只出生３～４周新西兰幼兔随机均分成４组：Ｉ组为冷血停搏液组，Ｉ组天门冬氨酸（２０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）强化组，ＩＩ组谷氨酸（２０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）强化组，ＩＶ组谷氨酸加天门冬氨酸（各２０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）强化组。结果表明，心功能指标心输出量（ＣＯ）恢复百分率ＩＶ组、Ｉ组明显少于Ｉ组（Ｐ＜０．０１）；左室收缩压（ＬＶＳＰ）恢复百分率Ｉ、ＩＩ、ＩＶ组明显少于Ｉ组（Ｐ＜０．０１）；左室舒张压（ＬＶＤＰ）及左室压力微分（ｄｐ／ｄｔ）恢复百分率Ｉ、ＩＩ、ＩＶ组优于Ｉ组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）和磷酸肌酶（ＣＫ）漏出量（Ｕ／Ｌ）中，ＬＤＨ漏出量Ｉ组优于Ｉ组（Ｐ＜０．０５），ＩＩ、ＩＶ组明显优于Ｉ组（Ｐ＜０．０１）；ＣＫ漏出量ＩＩ、ＩＶ组明显优于Ｉ组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。Ｉ、ＩＩ、ＩＶ组心肌含水量（％）明显优于Ｉ组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。Ｉ、ＩＩ、ＩＶ组心肌结构保护明显优于Ｉ组。结论：谷氨酸或（和）天门冬氨酸强化血停搏液能明显增强对未成熟心肌的保护作用。氨基酸强化组间之所以差别不显著可能与模型有关     

温血灌注与冷晶体心脏停搏液灌注对心肌酶学的影响

目的比较温氧合血连续灌注与冷晶体心脏停搏液间断灌注心肌酶学变化,探索更有效的心肌保护方法。方法将阻断时间在６０分钟以上１６例患者随机分为温血灌注组（Ａ组）和冷晶体灌注组（Ｂ组）,每组８人。分别于主动脉阻断前和主动脉阻断６０分钟后取部分心肌组织测定其超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）和脂质过氧化物（ＬＰＯ）并进行对比分析。结果阻断前和阻断后２组ＳＯＤ和ＬＰＯ含量无差异,阻断后Ｂ组ＳＯＤ含量比阻断前显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）;而阻断后ＬＰＯ含量明显增高（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论温血连续灌注能有效减轻心肌缺血与再灌注损伤,满足心肌需氧代谢,保持停搏心肌抗氧化系统稳定     

甲状腺激素T3增补于心脏停搏液中对心肌的保护作用

目的　探讨Ｔ３ 增补于停搏液中的心肌保护作用。方法　离体鼠心（ ｎ ＝ １６） 在改良的ＬａｎｇｅｎｄｏｒｆｆＮｅｅｌｙ 灌注模型上、３７ ℃下经历２０ 分钟预灌注、２０ 分钟停搏、３０ 分钟再灌注。结果　再灌注３０ 分钟时,左室功能指标（ＬＶＤＰｄｐ／ｄｔ）百分恢复率治疗组显著高于对照组（ Ｐ ＜０ ．０１）,心肌超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ） 治疗组显著高于对照组（ Ｐ＜ ０．０１）,过氧化脂质（ＬＰＯ） 治疗组显著低于对照组（ Ｐ ＜０．０５）;心肌酶（ＨＢＤＨ．ＬＤＨ）释放量再灌注期对应时点组间比较,治疗组显著低于对照组（ Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１） ;电镜观察心肌超微结构,治疗组显著优于对照组。结论　Ｔ３ 增补于心脏停搏液中可以显著地促进缺血后左室功能的恢复,显著减轻心肌缺血再灌注损伤,具有良好的心肌保护作用。     

卡托普利对心肌组织高能磷酸化合物代谢的影响

观察含卡托普利（巯甲丙脯酸）的停搏液及再灌注血液对心肌组织高能磷酸化合物代谢的影响。用杂种犬１６条，随机分为对照组（Ｓｔ．Ｔｈｏｍａｓ改型停搏液）、卡托普利（ｃｐｌ）组（含ｃｐｌ４．６μｍｏｌ／Ｌ的Ｓｔ．Ｔｈｏｍａｓ停搏液改型及再灌注血液）。测定心肌组织三磷酸腺苷（ＡＴＰ）、二磷酸腺苷（ＡＤＰ）、一磷酸腺苷（ＡＭＰ）、肌酸肌苷（ＣＰ）、丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量、股动脉及冠状静脉窦血气及乳酸值，计算心肌氧摄取率。结果表明，心脏复跳后ｃｐｌ组ＡＴＰ、ＡＤＰ、ＡＭＰ及ＣＰ的恢复率、心肌氧摄取率均明显高于对照组，而心肌组织ＭＤＡ含量、冠状静脉窦与股动脉的血乳酸含量差值明显低于对照组。提示含４．６μｍｏｌ／Ｌｃｐｌ的停搏液及再灌注血液可改善心肌组织氧的供需平衡，增加心肌组织氧摄取率及乳酸利用率，增加ＡＴＰ的合成，从而改善心肌缺血再灌注后心肌组织的能量代谢及心功能     

利多氟嗪加强间断缺血心停搏心肌保护作用的实验研究

报道常温下用利多氟嗪（ｌｉｄｏｆｌａｚｉｎｅ）预处理加强间断主动脉阻断心停搏心肌保护作用的实验研究。１６只犬随机分为对照组和实验组。结果发现，实验组心脏血流动力学的恢复要明显优于对照组。二组间心肌组织ＡＴＰ、腺苷和肌苷以及冠脉回流液中ＣＰＫ、ＣＰＫＭＢ、ＬＤＨ、ＳＯＤ和ＭＤＡ值均有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：冠脉搭桥术中采用间断缺血心停搏时加用利多氟嗪有利于保存心肌能量，减轻心肌再灌注损伤和术后迅即恢复心脏功能     

温氧合血停搏液诱导停搏及复苏再灌对心肌保护的作用

为观察不同灌注方法改善心肌保护的效果，用杂种犬２１只，随机均分为３组：Ｉ、Ｉ组分别用冷晶体、冷氧合血停搏液间灌，ＩＩ组在Ｉ组基础上加用温氧合血停搏液诱导停搏及复苏再灌。于体外循环下心肌缺血９０分钟再灌注３０分钟期间，观察心脏电机械活动、转流前后左心功能、心肌ＣＰＫ释放量及摄氧量、心肌含水量及超微结构变化。结果显示：Ｉ、ＩＩ组复苏后血流动力学的稳定性、左心功能恢复优于Ｉ组，ＣＰＫ释放量、心肌含水量及超微结构损害程度明显低于Ｉ组。ＩＩ组心肌停搏及复苏极少出现室颤、自动复跳率高、心肌摄氧量高于Ｉ组；再灌注３０分钟时，心肌ＣＰＫ释放量明显低于Ｉ组，心肌水肿及超微结构损伤较Ｉ组略轻。表明冷氧合血停搏液间灌法具有明显减轻心肌缺血和再灌注损伤的作用，而温氧合血停搏液诱导停搏及复苏再灌的心肌保护效果更佳。     

急性心肌缺血再灌注时中性粒细胞胞浆游离钙和氧自由基的变化

本研究旨在观测急性心肌缺血，再灌注时外周血中性粒细胞（ＰＭＮ）胞浆游离钙［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ、氧自由基的变化规律及与心肌钙、氧自由基的关系，以评定外周血指标对心肌缺血再灌注损伤（ＭＩＲＩ）的诊断价值。用家兔３０只，随机分为缺血前、缺血３０分钟、再灌注３０、９０、３６０分钟５组，取外周血ＰＭＮ和心肌测定丙二醛（ＭＤＡ），超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）及ＰＭＮ［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ和心肌组织钙。结果示缺血３０分钟外周血ＰＭＮ［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ、ＭＤＡ较缺血前明显升高，而ＳＯＤ活性则明显下降，至再灌注期上述变化更显著（Ｐ均＜０．０１）。且其变化规律与心肌钙、ＭＤＡ和ＳＯＤ的改变是一致的；二者间呈显著正相关（Ｐ＜０．０５～０．０１）。结论为自由基与钙超负荷共同参与了ＭＩＲＩ，外周血ＰＭＮ的检测可作为判断ＭＩＲＩ的可靠方法。     

阿魏酸钠对兔心肌缺血再灌注损伤MDA、SOD、ET和NO的影响

目的：观察阿魏酸钠对家兔心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护效果。方法：１６只兔随机分为非缺血对照组（Ａ组），缺血再灌注常规治疗组（Ｂ组）及缺血于灌注阿魏酸钠治疗组（Ｃ组）。结果：与Ｂ组比较，Ｃ组心肌组织ＭＤＡ含量，血浆ＥＴ水平明显下降（Ｐ〈０．０１），心肌组织Ｔ－ＳＯＤ活性及血清ＮＯ水平显著增高（Ｐ〈０．０１），心肌组织超微结构损伤程度明显减轻，结论：阿魏酸钠可明显减轻家兔心肌缺血再灌注损伤。     

去白细胞血液预防家兔缺血心肌再灌注损伤的实验研究

用涤纶纤维滤器去除再灌注血液中的白细胞，旨在检验其对缺血心肌再灌注损伤的保护效应。３２只家兔随机分成对照组和实验组，分别用全血和去白细胞血再灌注－离体心脏在２８℃下缺血６０ｍｉｎ后再灌注２０ｍｉｎ。结果表明：对照组白细胞计数、ＣＶＲ、ＣＰＫ及ＣＰＫ－ＭＢ显著高于实验组（Ｐ〈０．００１～Ｐ〈０．０５）；ＳＯＤ活性下降，ＭＤＡ含量明显增高与实验组相比有显著差异，分别为Ｐ〈０．０２及Ｐ〈０．０５。线粒体     

丹参对肢体缺血再灌注脂质过氧化反应影响的临床观察

目的：临床观察丹参对肢体缺血再灌注脂质过氧化反应的效果。方法：选择１６例肢体手术需充气带加压肢体止血的患者，随机分为对照组（ｎ＝８）和治疗组（ｎ＝８）。治疗组病人术前１０分钟静脉滴入复方丹参注射液（４００ｍｇ／ｋｇ），对照组病人给等量平衡液。肢体缺血前、再灌注后３０分钟、９０分钟、１８０分钟分别检测血ＭＤＡ、ＣＰＫ和ＳＯＤ。结果：肢体缺血再灌注３０分钟、９０分钟、１８０分钟与缺血前比较，血ＭＤＡ和ＣＰＫ含量升高，ＳＯＤ含量下降。治疗组缺血再灌注同时间，血ＭＤＡ含量明显低于对照组（Ｐ值＜０．０１）；ＣＰＫ值低于对照组（Ｐ值＜０．０５）；ＳＯＤ活性逐渐上升，１８０分钟高于对照组（Ｐ值＜０．０５）。结论：丹参有抗脂质过氧化作用，降低ＣＰＫ值，提高ＳＯＤ活性，能有效防治肢体缺血再灌注损伤。     

一氧化氮及其合酶在心肌缺血再灌注损伤中作用的研究

目的：用鼠的离体工作心脏研究心肌缺血再灌注损伤一氧化氮（ＮＯ）、ＮＯ合酶（ＮＯＳ）的作用。方法：ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ定量检测心肌组织结构型ＮＯＳ（ｃＮＯＳ）的ｍＲＮＡ表达,测定心肌组织的ｃＮＯＳ、诱导型ＮＯＳ（ｉＮＯＳ）及冠状动脉动脉冠脉）流出液的ＮＯ,同时检测心脏缺血再灌注前后的心功能变化。并分别于次序停跳液中加用缓激肽（ＢＫ）、Ｌ－精氨酸及ＢＫ加Ｌ－精氨酸,观察其对心肌缺血再灌注损伤的影响。结果：心肌     

卡托普利对缺血-再灌注鼠心肌一氧化氮及其合酶活性的影响

目的　研究一氧化氮 (NO)和一氧化氮合酶 (NOS)在心肌再灌注损伤中的作用 ,探讨卡托普利(captopril)对缺血 -再灌注鼠心肌保护的机制。　方法　采用 L angendorff离体鼠心灌流模型 ,将 18只 SD大白鼠随机分为 3组 (每组 6只 ) ,对照组、缺血 -再灌注组、卡托普利组。观察心肌 NOS同工酶活性、过氧化物歧化酶活性、丙二醛含量、肌酸激酶含量和冠脉流出液 NO的变化。　结果　缺血 -再灌注组与对照组比较心肌诱导型 NOS(i NOS)活性增高 (P<0 .0 0 1) ,而心肌原生型 NOS(c NOS)活性及总 NOS活性显著降低 (P<0 .0 0 1,0 .0 5 ) ,冠脉流出液 NO含量下降(P<0 .0 1)。卡托普利组再灌注 30分钟 ,心肌 i NOS活性低于缺血 -再灌注组 (P<0 .0 1) ,c NOS活性和总 NOS活性高于缺血 -再灌注组 (P<0 .0 1,0 .0 5 ) ,再灌注期间冠脉流出液 NO水平高于缺血 -再灌注组 (P<0 .0 1) ,心肌损伤较缺血 -再灌注组减轻。　结论　心肌 NOS同工酶活性及 NO产生的失常是心肌再灌注损伤的重要机制之一 ,卡托普利可通过调节心肌 NOS同工酶活性 ,维持正常的 NO水平 ,起到心肌保护作用。     

温血停搏液术终灌注对缺血再灌注心肌的保护作用

利用猫体外循环模型观察含甘露醇的温血停搏液术终灌注对缺血再灌注心肌的保护作用。心肌缺血恢复正常血液灌注前，从主动脉根部以５～６ｋＰａ的压力注入３７℃含甘露醇的低钾温血停搏液５０ｍｌ。结果显示用含甘露醇的温血停搏液术终灌注可保护缺血后再灌注心肌的功能，提高心肌能量储备，降低线粒体丙二醛含量。结论：含甘露醇的温血停搏液术终灌注，可提高心肌对氧自由基的清除能力，减轻线粒体膜脂质过氧化，提高心肌能量储备，有利于再灌注后心肌功能的恢复     

Myocardial protection in the neonatal heart. A comparison of topical hypothermia and crystalloid and blood cardioplegic solutions

Myocardial protection achieved during 2 hours of ischemic arrest was evaluated in 45 isolated, blood perfused, neonatal (1 to 5 days) piglet hearts. Comparisons were made among five methods of myocardial protection: Group I, topical cooling; Group II, hyperosmolar (450 mOsm) low-calcium (0.5 mmol/L) crystalloid cardioplegia; Group III, St. Thomas' Hospital cardioplegia; Group IV, cold blood cardioplegia with potassium (21 mmol/L), citrate-phosphate-dextrose (calcium level 0.6 mmol/L), and tromethamine; and Group V, cold blood cardioplegia with potassium alone (16 mmol/L) (calcium level 1.2 mmol/L). Hemodynamic recovery (percent of the preischemic stroke work) after 30 and 60 minutes of reperfusion was 82.9% and 86.7% in Group I, 35.7% (p less than 0.0001) and 43.7% (p less than 0.0001) in Group II, 76.1% and 77.7% in Group III, 67.4% (p less than 0.05) and 60.6% (p less than 0.05) in Group IV, and 110.7% and 100.6% in Group V. Conclusions: Topical cooling is an effective method of myocardial protection in the neonate. Cold blood cardioplegia with potassium alone and a normal calcium level provides optimal functional recovery. The improved protection obtained with both crystalloid and blood cardioplegia with normal calcium levels suggests an increased sensitivity of the neonatal heart to the calcium level of the cardioplegic solution.     

Blood warm reperfusion: a necessary adjunct to heart-valve surgery in low-risk patients?

AIM: The aim of this prospective, randomized study was to determine whether blood warm reperfusion improves myocardial protection provided by cold crystalloid cardioplegia in patients undergoing first-time elective heart-valve surgery, using cardiac troponin I release as the criterion for evaluating the adequacy of myocardial protection. METHODS: Seventy patients with a left ventricular ejection fraction greater than 40% were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 myocardial protection strategies: 1) cold crystalloid cardioplegia with no reperfusion or 2) cold crystalloid cardioplegia followed by 2-minute blood warm reperfusion before aortic unclamping. Cardiac troponin I concentrations were measured in serial venous blood samples drawn immediately prior to cardiopulmonary bypass and after aortic unclamping at 6, 9, 12, and 24 h. RESULTS: Randomization produced 2 equivalent groups. The total amount of cardiac troponin I released (7.17+/- 14.8 mg in the crystalloid cardioplegia with no reperfusion group and 5.82+/-4.66 mg in the crystalloid cardioplegia followed by blood warm reperfusion group) was not different (P > 0.2). Cardiac troponin I concentration did not differ for any sample in either of the 2 groups. The total amount of cardiac troponin I released was higher in patients who required inotropic support (9.14 +/-16.2 mg) than those who did not (4.73+/-4.52 mg; P = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that adding blood warm reperfusion to cold crystalloid cardioplegia provides no additional myocardial protection in low-risk patients undergoing heart-valve surgery.     

Randomized trial of intermittent antegrade warm blood versus cold crystalloid cardioplegia

BACKGROUND: We performed a prospective randomized trial to compare intermittent antegrade warm blood cardioplegia with intermittent antegrade and retrograde cold crystalloid cardioplegia. METHODS: Two hundred consecutive patients scheduled for isolated coronary bypass surgical procedures were randomized into two groups: Group 1 (n = 92) received cold crystalloid cardioplegia with moderate systemic hypothermia, group 2 (n = 108) received intermittent antegrade warm blood cardioplegia with systemic normothermia. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative data were prospectively collected. RESULTS: For the same median number of distal anastomoses, cardiopulmonary bypass duration and total ischemic arrest duration (57.3 +/- 20.5 versus 75 +/- 22.1 minutes, p < 0.001) were shorter in group 2 than in group 1. Apart from a higher right atrial pressure in the cold cardioplegia group, no hemodynamic difference was observed. Aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase-MB fraction, and cardiac troponin I levels were significantly lower in group 2 than in group 1. Outcome variables were not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS: Intermittent antegrade warm blood cardioplegia results in less myocardial cell damage than cold crystalloid cardioplegia, as assessed by the release of cardiac-specific markers. This beneficial effect has only marginal clinical consequences. Normothermic bypass has no deleterious effect on end-organ function.     

缺血预适应对体外循环心肌保护作用的临床研究

目的：比较单用冷停博液与缺血预适应（IPC）加冷停搏液联合应用在先天性心脏病心内直视手术中的心肌保护效果。方法：先天性心脏病病人20例，随机分为缺血预适应组（IPC组,n=10)和对照组（n=10),IPC组在阻断升主动脉前实施3分钟缺血－5分钟再灌注的缺血预适应，然后阻断升主动脉，灌注冷（4℃）St Thomas‘停搏液，心脏完全停跳后开始心内手术；对照组则不进行缺血预适应方案。两组均于并行循环前，开放升主动脉心脏复跳后30，60分钟时经Swan-Ganz漂浮导管测定各项血液动力学指标，并观察心肌功能恢复情况；于并行循环前，开放升主动脉时取心肌行超微结构检查及ATP，MDA测定，IPC组还监测缺血预适应期间的心电图及动脉血气变化。结果：（1）CPB后IPC组血液动力学指标恢复快（P＜0．05），心肌收缩有力，血压维持良好，需辅用多巴胺等正性肌力药维持血压的病例明显少于对照组（P＜0．05）；（2）升主动脉开放时IPC组心肌超微结构；ATP等的保护明显优于对照组（P＜0．05），MDA的生成明显低于对照组（P＜0．05）；（3）IPC组阻断升主动脉期间ST段降低（阻断30秒时发生），开放升主动脉后ST段在15秒内完全恢复，此期间均未发现明显心律失常；IPC前后血气结果无明显变化。结论：缺血预适应加冷停博液联合应用具有良好的心肌保护作用。     

Myocardial protection during prolonged aortic cross-clamping. Comparison of blood and crystalloid cardioplegia

We compared the ability of blood and crystalloid cardioplegia to protect the myocardium during prolonged arrest. Twelve dogs underwent 180 minutes of continuous arrest. Group I (six dogs) received 750 ml of blood cardioplegic solution (potassium chloride 30 mEq/L) initially and every 30 minutes. Group II (six dogs) received an identical amount of crystalloid cardioplegic solution (potassium chloride 30 mEq, methylprednisolone 1 gm, and 50% dextrose in water 16 ml/L of electrolyte solution). Temperature was 10 degrees C and pH 8.0 in both groups. Studies of myocardial biochemistry, physiology, and ultrastructure were completed before arrest and 30 minutes after normothermic reperfusion. Biopsy specimens for determination of adenosine triphosphate were obtained before, during, and after the arrest interval. Regional myocardial blood flow, total coronary blood flow, and myocardial oxygen consumption were statistically unchanged in Group I (p greater than 0.05). Total coronary blood flow rose 196% +/- 49% in Group II (p less than 0.005), and left ventricular endocardial/epicardial flow ratio fell significantly in this group from 1.51 +/- 0.18 to 0.8 +/- 0.09, p less than 0.01 (mean +/- standard error of the mean. The rise in myocardial oxygen consumption was not significant in this group (34% +/- 36%, p greater than 0.05). Ventricular function and compliance were statistically unchanged in both groups. In Group II, adenosine triphosphate fell 18% +/- 3.4% (p less than 0.005) after 30 minutes of reperfusion; it was unchanged in Group I. Ultrastructural appearance in both groups correlated with these changes. We conclude that blood cardioplegia offers several distinct advantages over crystalloid cardioplegia during prolonged arrest.     

The effectiveness of ischemic preconditioning on myocardial protection and comparison with K(+) cardioplegia

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of ischemic preconditioning on myocardial protection and to compare this method to K(+) crystalloid cardioplegia. Langendorff perfused isolated working rat hearts were used in the following groups. After 20 min of stabilisation, 30 hearts were divided into three groups. In group I (control, n=10), hearts were arrested with cold (+4 degrees C) Krebs-Henseleit (K-H) solution, in group II (cardioplegia, n=10) hearts were arrested with cold K(+) cardioplegia solution, and in group III (preconditioning, n=10) hearts were subjected to 5 min normothermic ischemia followed by 5 min reperfusion then arrested with cold K-H solution. All hearts were subjected to 30 min of global ischemia (24 degrees C) and 40 min of reperfusion. Hemodynamic measurements were performed with a left ventricular latex balloon using a data acquisition system. Creatine kinase (CK-MB) washout and Troponin I (cTnI) levels were determined from the coronary effluents. There was no significant difference among the three groups in any of the parameters (hemodynamic and biochemical) measured at the end of stabilisation period. During reperfusion, functional recovery and coronary flow were significantly improved in K(+) cardioplegia and preconditioned groups compared with control group. CK-MB washout and cTnI levels were significantly lower in groups II and III compared with group I at the reperfusion. However no significant difference was observed between K(+) cardioplegia and preconditioned groups among biochemical and hemodynamic parameters and coronary flow at the post-ischemic period. In conclusion, ischemic preconditioning is as effective as K(+) cardioplegia on myocardial protection and recovery of myocardial function during reperfusion.     

大鼠肝缺血／再灌注后肝组织一氧化氮和不同亚型一氧化氮合酶的变化

目的探讨一氧化氮（NO）和一氧化氮合成酶（NOS）在肝缺血／再灌注（I／R）过程中的变化和作用。方法健康雄性SD大鼠24只，随机分为3组（每组8只）：①正常对照组，术中只分离肝周围韧带，不做肝门阻断及再灌注。②I/R组，进行45min的部分肝门阻断及60min的再灌注。③L-精氨酸（L—Arg）组，缺血前20min经阴茎背静脉注射L—Arg（300mg／kg），余同②组。实验结束后，取下腔静脉血2ml，并迅速切取缺血肝组织。检测血清丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）、门冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）；测定肝组织中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）、黄嘌呤氧化酶（XOD）、一氧化氮（NO）和一氧化氯合成酶（NOS）等指标；观察光镜和电镜下肝组织学变化。结果与正常对照组相比，I／R组iNOS升高，NO降低；L-Arg组NO、eNOS均高于I／R组。2、3组比1组大鼠的肝组织病理损害重、肝功能差，L—Arg组病理损害较I／R组明显减轻、肝功能改善。结论NO对大鼠肝I／R损伤具有保护作用．不同亚型NOS的变化参与其中。