基质金属蛋白酶9基因多态性与肿瘤易感性Meta分析

 目的 探讨基质金属蛋白酶9基因（MMP-9）rs3918242位点多态性与肿瘤易感性的关系。 方法 使用PubMed数据库检索2011年4月以前相关文献,按纳入标准搜索研究MMP-9 rs3918242 C/T多态性与肿瘤易感性相关的文献,采用STATA软件进行统计分析。 结果 共有4 124例肿瘤患者和4 728名对照个体被纳入当前荟萃分析。分析表明MMP-9 rs3918242 C/T多态性与整个肿瘤易感性无显著相关（等位基因比 P = 0.378, OR= 0.94, 95% CI：0.83～1.07）,但在肿瘤分层分析中发现MMP-9突变型等位基因T显著降低了肺癌（P =0.026, OR=0.70,95%CI：0.51～0.96）和结直肠癌（P = 0.016, OR=0.80,95%CI：0.66～0.96）的易感性。 结论 MMP-9 rs3918242 C/T多态性与结直肠癌和肺癌易感性存在一定的相关性。     

hOGG1和XPD基因多态性与消化系统肿瘤遗传易感性的关系

  目的  研究DNA损伤修复基因hOGG1和XPD单核苷酸多态性与胃癌、肝癌和结直肠癌易感性的关系。  方法  用DNA抽提试剂盒从肿瘤患者外周血标本中抽提基因组DNA, 其中胃癌患者98例, 肝癌患者76例, 结直肠癌患者95例, 非肿瘤对照组80例。采用聚合酶链式反应-限制性片断长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)方法测定hOGG1 Ser326Cys和XPD Lys751Gln的基因型分布, 采用SPSS 16.0软件进行分析。  结果  携带hOGG1Cys 326Cys基因型使患胃癌、肝癌和结直肠癌的风险分别增加1.485倍(P=0.036)、1.114倍(P=0.011)和1.940倍(P=0.001)。携带hOGG1 326Cys等位基因同时饮酒者, 可增加胃癌发病风险38%(P=0.008), 肝癌发病风险增加30%(P=0.036);携带XPDLys751Gln基因型胃癌、肝癌和结直肠癌的风险分别增加2.150倍(P=0.003)、2.340倍(P=0.002)和1.292倍(P=0.008)。携带XPD751Gln等位基因并饮酒可使胃癌发病风险增加26%(P=0.027), 肝癌发病风险增加40%(P=0.005)。同时携带hOGG1 326Cys和XPD 751Gln等位基因, 患胃癌的危险性降低24%(P=0.010), 患肝癌和结直肠癌的危险性分别增加40%(P=0.003)和23%(P=0.016)。  结论  hOGG1基因的Cys 326Cys基因型和XPD基因的Lys751Gln基因型可能是胃癌、肝癌和结直肠癌发生的遗传易感因素, 携带hOGG1326Cys等位基因或XPD 751Gln等位基因且饮酒, 可能增加胃癌和肝癌的易感性。      

DNA双链断裂修复基因XRCC4多态性与肺癌易感性的关系

目的:探讨DNA双链断裂修复基因X-射线修复交叉互补4(X-ray repair cross-complementing 4, XRCC4)基因单核甘酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism, SNP)与肺癌发生风险的关系.方法:采用病例-对照研究的方法,应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism, PCR-RFLP)技术和TaqMan探针基因分型技术对781例肺癌患者和781健康志愿者(作为对照)进行XRCC4 rs6869366、rs3734091和rs1056503多态性的检测;结合PCR和定点突变技术,分别构建含有XRCC4基因启动子rs6869366位点不同等位基因的重组质粒,以双荧光素酶报告系统检测SNP位点碱基突变对启动子活性的影响.结果:XRCC4 rs6869366位点携带G等位基因的基因型(T/G+G/G)可显著增加肺癌的患病风险[比值比(odds ratio, OR)=1.607, 95%可信区间(confidence interval,CI): 1.138~2.270];rs6869366与rs3734091存在连锁不平衡,携带由其构建的单体型GC或单体型对TC/GC者患肺癌的风险增加(OR=1.993,95%CI:1.194~3.329;OR=2.013,95%CI:1.174~3.452);含rs6869366不同等位基因的启动子转录活性差异无统计学意义.结论:XRCC4 rs6869366位点多态性与肺癌的易感性有关,其影响机制还需进一步研究.     

DNA修复基因多态性影响晚期胃癌卡培他滨联合奥沙利铂化疗的临床预后

目的:探讨DNA修复基因(ERCC1、ERCC2、XRCC1)单核苷酸多态性对胃癌患者卡培他滨联合奥沙利铂化疗敏感性的相关性.方法:本回顾性研究选取XELOX作为一线化疗方案的100例晚期胃癌患者为研究对象,检测分析三个基因六个单核苷酸多态性位点(ERCC1 rs11615;ERCC2 rs13181,rs1799793;XRCC1 rs25487,rs25489,rs1799782),同时分析其与临床预后的关系.结果:XRCC1 rs25487的A/G等位基因频率、AG/AA/GG基因分布频率均与疾病化疗敏感性和无进展生存期有关,携带GG基因型患者疗效好(P<0.05),中位PFS为8.00个月(95%CI:6.34~9.66);ERCC2 rs13181的G/T等位基因频率、GG/GT/TT基因分布频率与疾病化疗敏感性和无进展生存期明显相关,携带TT基因型患者疗效好(P<0.05),中位PFS为7.46个月(95%CI:6.45~8.48).COX比例风险模型显示ERCC2 rs13181 G/T基因型是晚期胃癌无进展生存期的独立风险因素之一(HR=0.72,95%CI:0.53~0.97,P=0.025).结论:ERCC2 rs13181基因多态性可能是评估接受XELOX化疗晚期胃癌患者预后的关键指标.     

XRCC1 Arg399Gln位点多态性和结直肠癌易感性关系的Meta分析

[目的]探讨X射线交叉互补修复基因1（X-ray repair cross-complementing group1,XRCC1）的399位点（Arg399Gln）多态性与结直肠癌（CRC）易感性的关系。[方法]检索中国生物医学数据库（CBM）、PubMed、Springer等数据库,获取有关XRCC1Arg399Gln多态性同结直肠癌易感性关系的病例对照研究并进行Meta分析,以病例组及对照组XRCC1Arg399Gln等位基因分布的比值比（OR）为效应指标,应用Meta分析软件Review Manager（version5.0.10）对各研究原始数据进行统计处理及异质性检验,计算合并OR值及其95%可信区间（95%CI）。[结果]纳入11项病例对照研究,共2287例结直肠癌患者和3485例对照,Meta分析结果显示,Gln/Gln vs.Arg/Arg OR=1.12,95%CI为0.76～1.65,Z=0.58,POR=0.56;Gln/Gln＋Arg/Gln vs.Arg/Arg OR=1.11,95%CI为0.85～1.44,Z=0.78,POR=0.43;Gln/Glnvs.Arg/Arg＋Arg/Gln OR=1.07,95%CI为0.79～1.46,Z=0.43,POR=0.67;Arg/Gln vs.Arg/Arg OR=1.14,95%CI为0.88～1.48,Z=1.02,POR=0.31。[结论]XRCC1Arg399Gln多态性与结直肠癌易感性之间无显著相关性。     

miR-155侧翼序列rs767649A/T多态性与结直肠癌的相关性分析

摘 要：［目的］分析miR-155侧翼序列rs767649A/T多态性与结直肠癌的相关性。［方法］ 收集154例结直肠癌和203名健康对照人群外周静脉血样本,TaqMan探针法分析rs767649A/T多态性。［结果］ TT基因型显著增加了结直肠癌的发病风险（TT与AA相比：OR=2.11,95%CI：1.12～3.98,P=0.02;TT与AA/AT相比：OR=1.92,95%CI：1.09～3.38,P=0.02）。与A等位基因对比,T等位基因显著增加了结直肠癌的发病风险（OR=1.40,95%CI：1.04～1.90,P=0.03）。分层分析显示,rs767649A/T多态性与结直肠癌临床分期、分化程度和淋巴结转移等临床特征均无关。［结论］　miR-155侧翼序列rs767649A/T多态性可能是结直肠癌发病的危险因素。     

SMAD4基因单核苷酸多态性位点rs12958604和rs10502913与宫颈癌相关性研究

  目的  探讨SMAD4基因单核苷酸多态性（single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP）位点rs12958604和rs10502913与宫颈癌遗传易感性之间的关系。  方法  收集2018年2月至2019年12月右江民族医学院附属医院和广西医科大学附属肿瘤医院确诊的宫颈癌患者和健康体检者血液样本各342例及其临床病理资料,分为宫颈癌组和对照组,采用DNA测序法和SNaPshot技术检测SNP ,分析比较两组rs12958604和rs10502913基因型、等位基因、基因模型、单倍型差异性。  结果  两组SMAD4的rs10502913基因型及等位基因进行比较差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）,两组SMAD4的rs12958604 GG基因型和GG+GA显性模型及G等位基因进行比较差异均具有统计学意义（OR=0.577,95%Cl:0.380～0.877,P=0.010; OR=0.670,95%Cl:0.483～0.928,P=0.016 及OR=0.743,95%Cl:0.600～0.920,P=0.006）。单倍型分析显示G-A和G-G在两组中差异均具有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。多元Logistic回归多因素分析显示高血压是独立危险因素。  结论  SMAD4基因SNP位点rs12958604与宫颈癌易感性可能存在关联。      

中国人群FGFR2基因多态性与乳腺癌易感相关性研究的Meta分析

目的系统评估成纤维细胞生长因子受体2(fibroblast growth factor receptor 2,FGFR2)基因内含子的3个单核苷酸位点rs2981582、rs1219648和rs2420946多态性与中国人群乳腺癌的易感性的关系。方法计算机检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane library、中国知网、维普、万方数据库及中国生物医学文献数据库中,2014-06-01之前关于FGFR2基因内含子的3个单核苷酸位点rs2981582、rs1219648和rs2420946多态性与中国人群乳腺癌易感性的相关研究,按纳入与排除标准筛选文献、提取资料并评价纳入研究的质量后,采用Stata 12.0软件进行Meta分析,计算合并OR值及其95%CI,并进行发表偏倚评估及敏感性分析。结果共纳入18篇文献,包括14 568例患者和12 864名对照。Meta分析结果显示,FGFR2rs2981582、rs1219648和rs2420946基因多态性与中国人群乳腺癌有显著相关性。以地域进行亚组分析,rs2981582的T等位基因在南方人群(OR=1.13,95%CI:1.06~1.22,P=0.001)和北方人群(OR=1.26,95%CI:1.06~1.49,P=0.008)中与乳腺癌显著相关;rs2420946的T等位基因在南方人群(OR=1.15,95%CI:1.08~1.23,P<0.05)中与乳腺癌显著相关,北方人群中差异无统计学意义(OR=1.03,95%CI:0.87~1.22,P=0.695);rs1219648的G等位基因在南方人群(OR=1.19,95%CI:1.10~1.28,P<0.05)和北方人群(OR=1.17,95%CI:1.00~1.37,P=0.05)中与乳腺癌有显著相关。结论 FGFR2rs2981582、rs1219648和rs2420946基因多态性与中国人群乳腺癌易感性显著相关,但以地域进行亚组分析时则表现有差异。     

亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶基因多态性与结直肠癌易感性的关系

目的：研究亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶（methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase,MTHFR）基因C677T、A1298C多态性与结直肠癌易感性的关系.方法：在江苏省进行了一个病例-对照研究（结直肠癌患者315例,人群对照371例）,调查研究对象的生活习惯,抽取静脉血,提取白细胞DNA,采用PCR-RFLP检测研究对象的MTHFR C677T、A1298C基因型.结果：1）男女合计的结直肠癌组、结肠癌组和直肠癌组与对照组之间的MTHFR C677T、A1298C基因型分布频度和等位基因频度差异无统计学意义,MTHFR C677T、A1298C基因多态与结直肠癌、结肠癌和直肠癌的易感性无显著相关.2）在男性中,结肠癌组MTHFR C677T T/T基因型的频度为24.6%,明显高于对照组的14.8%,但差异无统计学意义,X2=3.42,P=0.064.与C677T C等位基因携带者相比,T/T基因型者发生结肠癌的危险性显著升高,其性别、年龄、居住地区及吸烟、饮酒和饮茶习惯调整后的OR为2.15（95%CI：1.07～4.33）.与同时携带MTHFR C677T C等位基因和A1298C A/A基因型者相比,男性的MTHFR C677T T/T和A1298C A/A基因型携带者发生结肠癌的危险性显著升高,其调整OR为2.64（95%CI：1.20～5.81）,而他们发生直肠癌的危险性则明显降低,（调整OR=0.47,95%CI：0.22～1.03）.结论：MTHFR C677T基因多态可以影响男性结、直肠癌的易感性,MTHFR A1298C多态与C677T多态在对男性结、直肠癌易感性的影响中有协同作用.     

XRCC1 R399Q基因多态性与结直肠癌易感性的Meta分析

目的探讨X—rayrepair cross—complementing group1（XRCC1）RB99Q基因多态性与结直肠癌易感性的关系。方法通过计算机检索和手工检索,收集有关XRCC1 R399Q基因多态性与结直肠癌易感性关系的文献,筛选出符合条件的文献,应用Meta分析软件对各项研究进行异质性检验,计算合并OR值及其95％可信区间,并行敏感性分析和发表偏倚的评估。结果国内外共有21篇文献纳入研究（结直肠癌组6229例;对照组10692例）。Meta分析结果显示：XRCC1 R399Q基因多态性在整个人群中与结直肠癌无明显的关联性（OR QQvs、RR=1．10,95％CI=0．90～1．35;OR QQ/RQvs.RR=1．02,95％CI=0．90～1．16;OR QQvs.RR/RQ=1．12,95％CI=0．95～1．33）。通过种族的分层分析发现XRCC1 R399Q基因多态性与结直肠癌易感性在亚洲人群和欧洲人群中无差异。结论XRCC1 R399Q基因多态性与结直肠癌间不存在明显的易感性。     

Role of DNA Repair-related Gene Polymorphisms in Susceptibility to Risk of Prostate Cancer

Aim: We assessed the association between genetic variants of XPG, XPA, XPD, CSB, XPC and CCNH inthe nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway and risk of prostate cancer. Methods: We genotyped the XPG,XPA, XPD, CSB, XPC and CCNH polymorphisms by a 384-well plate format on the MassARRAY® platform.Multivariate logistical regression analysis was used to assess the associations between the six gene polymorphismsand risk of prostate cancer. Results: Individuals carrying the XPG rs229614 TT (OR=2.01, 95%CI=1.35-3.27)genotype and T allele (OR=1.73, 95%CI=1.37-2.57) were moderately significantly associated with a higher riskof prostate cancer. Subjects with XPD rs13181 G allele had a marginally increased risk of prostate cancer, withadjusted OR(95%CI) of 1.53 (1.04-2.37). Moreover, individuals carrying with CSB rs2228526 GG genotype(OR=2.05, 95% CI=1.23-3.52) and G allele (OR=1.56, 95%CI=1.17-2.05) were associated with a higher increasedrisk of prostate cancer. The combination genotype of XPG rs2296147 T and CSB rs2228526 G allele hadaccumulative effect on the risk of this cancer, with an OR (95% CI) of 2.23(1.37-3.59). Conclusions: Our studyindicates that XPG rs2296147 and CSB rs2228526 polymorphisms are significantly associated with increasedrisk of prostate cancer, and that combination of XPG rs2296147 T allele and CSB rs2228526 G allele is stronglyassociated with an increased risk.     

The XPD 751Gln allele is associated with an increased risk for esophageal adenocarcinoma: a population-based case-control study in Sweden

Mechanisms behind the strong associations of esophageal adenocarcinoma risk with gastroesophageal reflux (GOR) and body mass remain to be defined. In a nationwide population-based case-control study, we examined associations of polymorphisms in the DNA repair genes XPD, XPC, XRCC1 and XRCC3 with risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma, squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC) and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma, and paid special attention to possible interactions with symptomatic reflux or body mass. We collected blood samples from 96, 81 and 126 interviewed incident cases of esophageal adenocarcinoma, esophageal SCC and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma, respectively, and 472 randomly selected controls, frequency-matched with regard to age and sex. DNA was extracted and polymorphisms in XPD codon 751 (Lys-->Gln), codon 312 (Asp-->Asn), C insertion in intron 10 of XPD, XPC codon 939 (Lys-->Gln), XRCC1 codon 399 (Arg-->Gln) and XRCC3 codon 241 (Thr-->Met) were examined using PCR-RFLP. Odds ratios (ORs) derived from multivariate logistic regression with adjustments for potential confounding factors estimated relative risks. XPD codon 751 Lys/Gln and Gln/Gln genotypes, compared with Lys/Lys genotype, were both associated with a more than doubled risk for esophageal adenocarcinoma (OR=2.4; 95% CI=1.4-4.4; OR=2.7, 95% CI=1.3-5.9). The combined effects of these genotypes and symptomatic GOR or body mass showed borderline significant deviation from additivity. Excess risks for esophageal SCC were also noted for XPD 751Gln variant genotypes. Other studied variants were not found to be related to the three tumors. Our study suggests that XPD 751Gln allele is a potential genetic marker for susceptibility to esophageal adenocarcinoma.     

DNA repair gene XRCC1 and XPD polymorphisms and risk of lung cancer in a Chinese population

X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1) and xeroderma pigmentosum group D (XPD) are mainly involved in base excision repair (BER) and nucleotide excision repair (NER) of DNA repair pathways, respectively. Polymorphisms of DNA repair gene XRCC1 and XPD has recently been identified, and there is a growing body of evidence that these polymorphisms may have some phenotypic significance. To investigate the role of XRCC1 polymorphisms (codon 194 and codon 399) and XPD polymorphism (codon 751) in lung cancer, a population-based case-control study of 109 lung cancer patients and 109 healthy control subjects (individually matched on age and gender) in a Chinese population was conducted. XRCC1 and XPD genotypes were identified using PCR-restriction fragments length polymorphism technique. Conditional logistic regression analysis revealed that XRCC1 codon 194Trp/Trp genotype was associated with a borderline increased risk of lung cancer [adjusted odd ratio (OR) = 3.06; confidence interval (CI) 0.94-9.92]. The XPD 751 Lys allele (combined Lys/Lys and Lys/Gln genotypes) was associated with a significantly increased risk of lung cancer (OR = 3.19; CI 1.01-10.07). The risk of lung cancer increased more than additive interaction (adjusted OR = 8.77; CI 1.47-52.31) for the individuals with both putative high-risk genotypes of XRCC1 194 Trp/Trp and XPD 751 Lys allele. Our results suggested that the genotypes of XRCC1 194Trp/Trp and XPD 751 Lys allele might be the risk genotypes for lung cancer in Chinese population.     

APEX1 Asp148Glu Gene Polymorphism is a Risk Factor for Lung Cancer in Relation to Smoking in Japanese

DNA repair enzymes play an important role in the development of various kinds of cancer. We hereanalyzed associations of XPD Lys751Gln, APEX1 Asp148Glu, XRCC1 Arg399Gln, and XRCC3 Thr241Metgene polymorphisms in DNA repair pathways in relation to the risk of lung cancer using PCR-RFLP. The studyinvolved 104 lung cancer patients and 120 non-cancer controls divided into non-smokers and smokers. Wefound a statistically significant interaction between APEX1 Asp148Glu and the risk for lung cancer (adjustedOR 2.78, 95% CI 1.58-4.90, p=0.0004), of both adenocarcinoma (adjusted OR 2.24, 95%CI 1.18-4.25, p=0.014)and squamous cell carcinoma (adjusted OR 4.75, 95%CI 1.79-12.60, p=0.002) types. XRCC1 Arg399Gln showeda borderline significant association with adenocarcinoma (adjusted OR 1.89, 95%CI 1.00-3.57, p=0.051). Thecombined effect of smoking and presence of the APEX1 Asp148Glu demonstrated a significant association withrisk of lung cancer (adjusted OR 3.61, 95% CI 1.74-7.50, p = 0.001). The XPD Lys751Gln and XRCC3 Thr241Metgenotypes displayed no statistically significant risk. Our findings suggest that the APEX1 Asp148Glu is associatedwith increased risk for primary lung cancer in Japanese individuals partaking in smoking.     

Impact of Polymorphism in Base Excision Repair and Nucleotide Excision Repair Genes and Risk of Cervical Cancer: A Case-Control Study

Background: Last few years, several studies all over the world revealed the association of DNA repair genes with risk of developing different type of cancers, but were ambiguous to support the evidences in case of cervical cancer risk. These differences in earlier studies directed us to study the association of polymorphisms of BER genes (XRCC1, hOGG1, XPC) and NER genes (XPC, XPD) with cervical cancer susceptibility in the women of rural population of Maharashtra. Materials and Methods: The genetic polymorphism in BER and NER pathway genes was studied by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method using DNA isolated from intravenous blood samples of patients and normal controls. The study included 400 clinically confirmed cervical cancer patients and 400 healthy women from a tertiary care hospital (Krishna Hospital and Medical Research Centre) of south-western Maharashtra. The association of polymorphisms was confirmed by Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval. Results: The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of BER genes including XRCC1, hOGG1 and APE1 were analyzed and the results were noted that 27466AA (OR=4.88; 95% CI: 3.61- 6.60; p<0.0001) and 28152AA (OR=2.89; 95% CI: 1.57- 5.31; p=0.0005) genotypes of XRCC1 (rs25489, rs25487) were significantly associated with cervical cancer risk. The 1245GG genotype of hOGG1 (rs1052133) (OR=45.30; 95% CI: 3.76- 7.46; p=0.001) also showed significant correlation, whereas 2197GG genotype of APE1 (rs1130409) gene showed negative association with cervical carcinogenesis (OR=0.59; 95% CI: 0.35- 0.97; p=0.005). Similarly when we studied SNPs of NER genes including XPC and XPD genes, 21151TT genotype of XPC (rs 2228000) was positively associated with cervical cancer development and 23591AA genotype of XPD (rs1799793) showed negative association (OR=0.34; 95% CI: 0.17- 0.64; p=0.001). Conclusion: The findings from this study supported that rs25489, rs25487SNPs of XRCC1, rs1052133 of hOGG1 and rs2228000 of XPC may increase cervical cancer risk, whereas rs1130409 SNP of APE1 and rs1799793 SNP of XPD gene lower the risk of cervical cancer in the studied population.     

Association of XPD and XRCC1 Genetic Polymorphisms with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk

Aim: XRCC1 and XPD are two major repair genes involved in nucleotide excision repair (NER), whichis reported to be associated with risk of several cancers. We explored the association of XRCC1 and XPDpolymorphisms with the risk of HCC. Methods: A total of 410 cases with HCC and 410 health controls werecollected. XRCC1 Arg194Trp, XRCC1 Arg399Gln, XPD Lys751Gln and XPD Asp312Asn genotyping wasperformed by duplex polymerase-chain-reaction with the confronting-two-pair primer (PCR-CTPP) method.Results: XRCC1 194Trp/Trp was strongly significantly associated with an increased risk of HCC cancer whencompared with the wide-type genotype (OR=2.26, 95% CI=(1.23-5.38). Individuals carrying the XRCC1 399Gln/Gln showed increased risk of HCC (OR=1.74, 95%CI=1.06-2.74). The XPD 751Gln/Gln and Gln allele genotypewere associated with strong elevated susceptibility to HCC (OR=3.51 and 1.42, respectively). Conclusion: Theseresults suggest that polymorphisms in XRCC1 and XPD may have functional significance in risk of HCC.     

DNA修复基因XPD单核苷酸多态与胆道癌遗传易感性

目的:研究核苷酸切除修复基因XPDAsp312Asn位点以及Lys751Gln位点多态与上海市区人群胆道癌风险的关系。方法:采用全人群病例-对照研究的方法运用PCR-RFLP对443名胆道癌患者和448名正常对照进行基因型分析。比较各基因型在病例与对照中分布频率的差异,并探讨基因、环境因素在胆道癌发生过程中的作用。结果:与携带XPD 751Lys/Lys基因型者比较,携带Gln/Gln基因型者罹患胆道癌的风险显著增加(校正OR=6.32;95%CI=1.16~34.53)。按解剖部位分析显示,风险增高只限于壶腹部癌(校正的OR=13.17;95%CI=1.71~101.38)。携带312Asn/Asn基因型者罹患壶腹部癌的风险显著高于携带Asp/Asp基因型者(校正后OR=20.09;95%CI=1.13~357.99)。在不伴有胆石症人群中,751Gln/Gln基因型携带者罹患胆道癌风险增加(校正后OR=5.92;95%CI=1.05~33.36),提示在不伴有胆石症人群中,遗传因素可能是发生胆道癌的影响因素。而在饮酒人群中携带751Lys/Gln或Gln/Gln基因型者较携带Lys/Lys基因型者患胆道癌风险增加约3倍。结论:XPD 312Asn等位基因以及751Gln等位基因可能是中国上海地区人群胆道癌尤其是壶腹部癌风险的遗传易感因素。     

Polymorphisms in DNA repair and metabolic genes in bladder cancer

We investigated the association of urinary bladder cancer with genetic polymorphisms in the xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group C (XPC), group D (XPD) and group G (XPG), X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1) and group 3 (XRCC3), Nijmegen breakage syndrome 1 (NBS1), cyclin D1, methylene-tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), NAD(P)H dehydrogenase quinone 1 (NQO1), H-ras and glutathione S-transferase theta 1 (GSTT1) genes. Bladder cancer patients from the different hospitals in Stockholm County Council area and matching controls were genotyped for different polymorphisms. The frequency of the variant allele for A/C polymorphism in exon 15 of the XPC gene was significantly higher in the bladder cancer cases than in the controls (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.16-1.92, P = 0.001). The variant allele homozygote genotype for the T/C polymorphism in exon 1 of the H-ras gene was associated with a decreased risk for bladder cancer (OR 0.12, 95% CI 0.02-0.67, P = 0.006). The variant allele genotypes for the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in DNA repair genes, XPG and NBS1, showed a marginal association with the occurrence of bladder cancer (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.15-0.94, P = 0.03 and OR 1.64, 95% CI 0.92-2.90, P = 0.09, respectively). We also report a positive correlation between the null homozygote of GSTT1 with the risk of bladder cancer (OR 2.54, 95% CI 1.32-4.98, P = 0.003). For other polymorphisms included in this study, NBS1 Glu185Gln, XPD Lys751Gln, XPG Asp1104His, XRCC1 Arg399Gln, XRCC3 Thr241Met, cyclin D1 Pro242Pro, MTHFR Ala222Val and Glu429Ala, NQO1 Arg139Trp and Pro187Ser, no significant differences for genotype distributions and allele frequencies between the bladder cancer cases and the controls were observed in the present study.     

DNA repair gene XRCC1 and XPD polymorphisms and risk of prostate cancer.

The X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1) and xeroderma pigmentosum group D (XPD) genes are involved in base excision repair and nucleotide excision repair of DNA repair pathways, respectively. A growing body of evidence suggests that XRCC1 and XPD are important in environmentally induced cancers, and polymorphisms in both genes have been identified. To determine whether the XRCC1 (codon Arg399Gln) and XPD (codon Asp312Asn and codon Lys751Gln) polymorphisms are associated with prostate cancer susceptibility, we genotyped these polymorphisms in a primarily Caucasian sample of 506 sibships (n = 1,117) ascertained through a brother with prostate cancer. Sibships were analyzed with a Cox proportional hazards model with age at prostate cancer diagnosis as the outcome. Of the three polymorphisms investigated, only the XPD codon 312 Asn/Asn genotype had an odds ratio (OR) significantly different from one (OR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.03-2.53). Analyses stratified by the clinical characteristics of affected brothers in the sibship did not reveal any significant heterogeneity in risk. In exploring two-way gene interactions, we found a markedly elevated risk for the combination of the XPD codon 312 Asn/Asn and XRCC1 codon 399 Gln/Gln genotypes (OR, 4.81; 95% CI, 1.66-13.97). In summary, our results suggest that the XPD codon 312 Asn allele may exert a modest positive effect on prostate cancer risk when two copies of the allele are present, and this effect is enhanced by the XRCC codon 399 Gln allele in its recessive state.