微创腔镜技术的腹部外科临床实践

目的 研究腹腔镜下外、妇科联合手术完成腹腔内多种病变切除的临床效果.方法 该院2009年1月至2012年2月共完成联合手术29例,胆囊、子宫切除术1例,腹腔镜胆囊切除术、腹腔镜胆总管探查术6例,胆囊、阑尾切除术8例,卵巢囊肿剥除或附件、胆囊切除术1例,脾囊肿切除术1例,肝硬化原发性腹膜炎探查引流术1例,腹部损伤探查术2例,输卵管异位妊娠切除术1例,阑尾切除术8例.结果 29例患者均顺利治愈、患者术后下床活动时间6～12h,平均8h;肠功能恢复(术后排气)时间10-62 h,平均26h;术后住院时间3～7d,平均5d.结论 腹腔镜手术可以切除多种病变,具有微创效果.     

腹腔镜与开腹子宫肌瘤剔除术的临床效果观察

目的　探讨腹腔镜下子宫肌瘤剔除术的应用价值。方法　比较腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术 78例(观察组 )和开腹子宫肌瘤剔除术 6 7例 (对照组 )病人的手术和术后情况。结果　观察组手术时间 81 0 9±2 3 81min ,术中出血 32 15± 2 5 0 2ml,术后平均 1 2 8± 0 80d体温恢复正常 ,术后住院 4 12± 1 0 0d。对照组手术时间 83 6 5± 30 5 0min ,术中出血 86 5 8± 6 5 30ml,平均 2 82± 1 35d体温恢复正常 ,术后住院 7 6 4± 1 6 7d。结论　腹腔镜下子宫肌瘤剔除术具有创伤小、术中出血少、术后恢复快及住院时间短等优点。     

腹腔镜与开腹手术治疗异位妊娠的效果比较

目的比较腹腔镜手术与开腹手术两种术式对异位妊娠的治疗效果。方法对异位妊娠患者行腹腔镜手术65例和开腹手术54例的临床资料进行回顾性分析,比较两组手术的失血量、术后镇痛、肛门排气时间、术后并发症、住院时间、术后发热、术后应用抗生素的时间、腹部瘢痕、留置导管时间、术后通畅率等临床指标。结果腹腔镜组和剖腹手术组在术中失血量[（37．5±15．6）ml与（21．3±9．5）Ⅱ11]、术后镇痛（82％与26％）、肛门排气时间[（32．6±7．8）h与（19．4±4．2）h]、术后并发症（46％与17％）、住院时间[（7．6±1．9）d与（3．3±1．1）d]、术后发热（74％与24％）、术后应用抗生素的时间[（6．3±2．2）h与（3．6±1．2）h]、腹部瘢痕（无与有）、留置导管时间[（29．5±4．6）h与（7．4±2．3）h]、术后通畅率等方面有明显差异（P〈0．05）。结论腹腔镜手术治疗异位妊娠优于传统开腹手术。     

腹腔镜广泛子宫切除加盆腔淋巴结清扫治疗子宫恶性肿瘤的I临床价值探讨

目的研究腹腔镜广泛子宫切除加盆腔淋巴结清扫治疗子宫恶性肿瘤的临床效果。方法对于我院于2009年2月至2012年2月收治的50例子宫恶性肿瘤患者进行腹腔镜子宫广泛切除和盆腔淋巴结切除术,并将手术平均时间、出血量、切除淋巴数量、术后并发症等指标进行分析,观察患者手术效果,总结治疗经验。结果50例患者均实施行腹腔镜广泛全子宫切除及盆腔淋巴结清扫术,其中15例患者较为年轻,保留卵巢组织。平均手术时间为（286±35．9）min,手术过程中的平均出血量为（245±160．5）mL,淋巴平均切除数量为（10±1．5）枚,手术后患者出现发热情况的平均时间为（1．5±1．2）d,平均住院时间为（10±3．1）d。没有出现其他器官损伤情况,无患者死亡情况。结论腹腔镜广泛全子宫切除和盆腔淋巴结切除术对于治疗子宫恶性肿瘤比较安全,效果明显,值得在临床中推广应用。     

外悬吊法腹腔镜直肠癌根治术78例临床研究

目的探讨腹腔镜下直肠癌根治术的手术方法及临床疗效。方法对本院2011年1月～2013年8月78例腹腔镜下直肠癌根治术患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果患者均成功实行腹腔镜手术,无中转开腹：平均手术时间（148．6±22．2）min,术中平均出血量（160．4±56．7）ml,术后肠功能恢复时间平均（48．4±16．6）h,术后出现切口感染1例,肠梗阻2例,切口疝0例,术后病理示清除的淋巴结数量为（13．3±4．2）,住院时间平均（12．2±3．8）d。随访3—24个月,未发现腹壁小切口和穿刺孔种植转移。局部复发2例,其中1例术后6个月死亡,远处转移2例,均为肝转移。结论外悬吊法腹腔镜直肠癌根治术简化了手术,具有手术出血少、手术时间短、并发症少、疼痛轻、恢复快、住院时间短等优点,是一种安全、有效的手术方法。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术178例临床分析

目的观察腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）的适应证、手术方法及临床效果。方法对178例腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者的临床资料进行回顾性总结分析。结果178例中172例LC成功切除胆囊，手术成功率为96．6％，中转行开腹手术6例，占3．4％，手术时间25—150min，平均（50．5±20．8）min，术后住院时间3—7d，平均3．5d，3例发生并发症，其中切口出血2例，胆道损伤1例，178例患者均治愈。结论腹腔镜胆囊切除术具有创伤小、出血少、对腹腔器官干扰小、手术时间短、术后恢复快等优点，值得临床推广应用。     

腹腔镜与开腹手术治疗急性阑尾炎对比研究

目的为了研究对比腹腔镜与开腹手术治疗急性阑尾炎的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2009年4月至2012年4月期间在我院治疗的急性阑尾炎患者92例病例资料,所有患者按照治疗方法分组：行腹腔镜阑尾切除术的治疗组50例,行开腹阑尾切除术的对照组42例,治疗后统计各组平均手术时间,术后下床活动时间,术后进食时间以及伤口感染情况,统计学t检验方法检验两组间的治疗结果是否具差异有统计学意义。结果治疗组平均手术时间（50.2±4.2）min,术后下床活动时间（12.5±2.8）h,术后平均进食时间（25.1±4.8）h,伤口感染率2%（1例/50例）,对照组平均手术时间（53.1±4.8）min,术后下床活动时间（20.5±4.1）h,术后平均进食时间（40.8±6.6）h,伤口感染率11.9%（5例/42例）,两组治疗结果有统计学差异（P〈0.05）。结论腹腔镜阑尾切除术治疗急性阑尾炎具有满意的临床效果。     

腹腔镜下胆囊次全切除术治疗复杂胆囊结石

目的 探讨腹腔镜下胆囊次全切除术在复杂的胆囊结石治疗中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析45例腹腔镜下胆囊次全切除术患者的临床资料。结果45例患者均顺利完成手术，无中转开腹。手术平均时间（70．2±12．7）min，术中平均出血量（62．5±19．7）ml，肠蠕动平均恢复时间（34．5±9．0）h，腹腔引流管平均留置时间（68．4±12．2）h，术后平均住院时间（7．9±0．8）d。无术后出血、黄疸及肝外胆管损伤等严重并发症，术后出现胆漏6例，腹壁戳孔感染2例，均经保守治疗后痊愈。随访3～74个月，未发现远期并发症。结论只要严格掌握适应证，妥善处理胆囊残余部分并常规放置腹腔引流管，腹腔镜下胆囊次全切除术治疗复杂胆囊结石是一种安全有效、并发症少、术后恢复快的手术方式。     

腹腔镜联合胆管镜、钬激光治疗肝内外胆管结石的临床探讨

目的探讨腹腔镜联合胆管镜、钬激光治疗肝内外胆管结石的临床效果。方法回顾性分析本院收治的50例肝内外胆管结石患者,根据手术方式将所有患者分为实验组和对照组各25例,对照组行传统开腹手术,实验组采用腹腔镜联合胆管镜、钬激光手术,比较两组患者的临床治疗效果。结果对照组患者术中平均出血量为（310±50）ml,术后排气时间为（45±5）h,住院时间为（12±2）d,术后出现切口感染3例,肠粘连2例,术后行＂T＂管造影发现胆管残留结石4例;实验组患者术中平均出血量为（90±15）ml,术后排气时间为（23±4）h,住院时间为（8±1.5）d,术后胆管残留结石1例。两组间比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论腹腔镜联合胆管镜、钬激光治疗肝内外胆管结石安全有效,值得推广应用。     

腹腔镜下腹壁疝修补术25例分析

目的观察腹腔镜腹壁疝修补术（LAHR）治疗腹壁疝的临床效果。方法回顾性分析行腹腔镜腹壁疝修补术的患者25例临床资料。结果25例腹腔镜腹壁疝修补术均顺利完成，无中转开腹。疝缺损面积（62．3±2．9）cm2；手术时间（63±5）min；术中出血（32±3）ml；住院时间3～9d，平均（5．5±1．5）d。发生术后并发症3例，发生率为12％（3／25），其中血肿2例，皮下气肿1例。随访3～12个月，所有患者预后良好。结论LAHR具有手术及住院时间较短、出血较少、术后恢复快和术后并发症发生率及复发率较低的特点，是治疗腹壁疝的一种安全、有效的微创手术方法。     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.