湖南汉族人群HLA-DP、-DQ位点等位基因多态性与鼻咽癌的相关性

目的 探讨湖南汉族人群HLA—DP、HLA—DQ位点等位基因多态性与鼻咽癌遗传易感性之间的关系。方法 应用聚合酶链反应—特异性寡核苷酸探针基因分型技术对87例湖南汉族鼻咽癌患者与91名健康对照作HLA—DPAl、—DPBl、—DQAl及—DQBl的基因分型，采用x^2检验比较两组各位点等位基因频率，单倍型频率分布的差异。结果 发现鼻咽癌组DPAl*0201、DPBl*1901、DQAl*0201较对照组明显降低，DPBl*0402、DQAl*0101较对照组明显升高；单倍型DPAl*0201—DPBl*1401及DQAl*0201—DQBl*0201较对照明显降低；但P值经Bonferroni校正后，差异均无显著性(Pc＞0．05)。结论 湖南汉族人群HLA—DP和—DQ位点与鼻咽癌无明显相关，与以往用受累同胞对方法在鼻咽癌家系中未能证实鼻咽癌易感基因与HLA—DP和—DQ位点连锁的结果一致。     

HLA基因多态性与溃疡性结肠炎遗传易感关系的研究

目的:研究HLA-DRB1等位基因多态性与我国汉族溃疡性结肠炎遗传易感的相关性,并分析其与疾病临床分型的相关性。方法:应用基因芯片技术分析了本地区汉族溃疡性结肠炎60例患者和健康对照者DRB1的基因分型,采用Fisher’s精确概率法比较了两组各位点等位基因频率分布的差异。结果:溃疡性结肠炎患者DR2和DRB1*15基因表达频率分别为45%和41.7%,较对照组(23.3%和21.7%)明显升高,OR分别为2.688和2.582(均P<0.05)。慢性持续型UC的DRB1*15等位基因频率较相应其他型升高更为显著(P<0.05)。结论:DR2或DRB1*15等位基因可能是我国汉族人群UC的易感基因。HLA-DR基因多态性与UC的临床分型密切相关。     

内蒙古汉族人群多发性硬化与HLA-DRB1基因型的相关性研究北大核心CSCD

目的:探讨内蒙古汉族人群人类白细胞抗原(HLA)-DRB1基因多态性与多发性硬化(MS)的关系。方法:采用基因测序法(SBT)检测40例内蒙古汉族MS患者和40例健康对照者的HLA-DRB1等位基因,并比较两组之间等位基因型频率的差异。结果:共检测到25个HLA-DRB1等位基因片段,其中MS组(45.0%)的DRB1*15:01等位基因频率显著高于健康对照组(12.5%)(P=0.001,Pc=0.011,RR=1.591);DRB1~04:05等位基因频率高于正常对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。对照组中DRB1*11:01等位基因和DRB1*12:02等位基因频率均高于MS组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:我国内蒙古汉族人群MS与HLA-DRB1*15:01等位基因之间存在相关性。     

济南汉族人群HLA-A、B、DRB1等位基因高分辨多态性分析

目的 分析济南地区汉族人群人类白细胞抗原(human leukocyte antigens,HLA)-A、B、DRB1座位等位基因的高分辨多态性.方法 采用PCR-测序分型(PCR-sequence-based typing,PCR-SBT)对鲁南地区483名无血缘关系的汉族健康个体进行HLA-A、B、DRB1座位高分辨基因分型,采用Arlequin3.5软件计算等位基因频率、单倍型频率,并就常见等位基因与其他人群进行比较.结果 济南汉族HLA-A、B、DRB1座位分别检出27、56和41个等位基因,其中等位基因频率分布最高的分别是A* 11∶01 (0.1615)、B*13∶02(0.1163)和DRB1* 07∶01 (0.1763);最常见的A*-B*-DRB1*单倍型是A*30∶01-B* 13∶02-DRB1* 07∶01 (0.0867).结论 济南地区汉族人群HLA-A、B、DRB1等位基因和单倍型具有较高的多态性.     

新疆汉族HLA-DRB1基因多态性与再生障碍性贫血的相关性

目的探讨人类白细胞抗原(HLA)DRB1与再生障碍性贫血(AA)的相关性。方法采用序列特异性引物聚合酶链反应(PCR-SSP)DNA分型技术对43例新疆汉族AA患者(AA病例组)和200例新疆汉族人群作为健康对照者(健康对照组)进行HLA-DRB1基因分型,研究HLA-DRB1基因多态性与新疆汉族AA患者的相关性。结果 AA病例组和健康对照组的等位基因频率有相同之处,均表现为DRB1*15表达最高,同时DRB1*4、DRB1*7、DRB1*9、DRB1*12表达均较高,频率最低的均为DRB1*17;AA病例组中DRB1*8等位基因频率(13.73%)显著高于对照组(6.99%),差异有统计学意义(OR=2.202,P0.05);AA病例组DRB1*12、DRB1*14等位基因频率低于对照组,差异无统计学意义。其中AA病例组女性等位基因DRB1*12(5.41%vs 10.00%,OR=0.2079,P0.05)和AA病例组男性DRB1*14等位基因频率(2.11%)显著低于对照组(7.53%),差异有统计学意义(OR=0.1403,P0.05);AA病例组女性DRB1*15等位基因频率(27.45%)显著高于对照组(14.56%),差异有统计学意义(OR=2.433,P0.05)。结论 DRB1*08可能是AA患者的易感基因;DRB1*12可能是女性AA患者拮抗基因;DRB1*14可能是男性AA患者的拮抗基因;DRB1*15可能是女性AA患者的易感基因。     

云南昆明彝族和汉族儿童HLA-DRB1等位基因的多态性研究

目的研究昆明彝族和汉族儿童HLA-DRB1基因的多态性,探讨其在昆明彝族和汉族人群中的遗传特征。方法应用PCR-SSP基因分型技术,对云南昆明地区70名彝族和72名汉族健康儿童进行了HLA-DRB1位点的基因分型。结果昆明彝族儿童HLA-DRB1位点共检出了12种等位基因,其中以HLA-DRB1*12(33.57％)、DRB1*0901(11.43％)、DRB1*04(11.43％)较常见,其它基因频率大于5％的等位基因还有HLA-DRB1*01(8.57％)、DRB1*11(7.86％)、DRB1*14(7.14％)、DRB1*15(7.14％)、DRB1*08(5％);昆明汉族儿童HLA-DRB1位点共检出了12种等位基因,其中以HLA-DRB1*12(20.14％)、DRB1*0901(19.44％)、DRB1*04(18.06％)较常见,其他基因频率大于10％的等位基因还有HLA-DRB1*08(11.11％)、DRB1*15(10.42％);与北方汉族人群、南方汉族人群HLA-DRB1等位基因分布进行了比较,均有显著性差异(P<0.001)。结论昆明彝族和汉族HLA基因多态性分布有其特点,他们既不同于北方汉族人群也不同南方汉族人群,有其独特性。可能与复杂的民族迁移历史和民族融合及云南独特的地理环境有关。     

山东省烟台和威海地区汉族HLA-A、B和DRB1等位基因多态性及遗传距离分析

目的 分析山东省烟台和威海地区汉族人群人类白细胞抗原(human leukocyte antigen,HLA)-A、B、DRB1等位基因的多态性分布特征,并探讨该人群与其他人群的亲缘关系.方法 应用聚合酶链反应-序列特异性寡核苷酸探针方法(polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific olignucleotide probe,PCR-SSOP)对山东省烟台和威海地区4062名无亲缘关系的汉族健康个体进行HLA-A、B、DRB1基因分型.采用Arlequin3.5软件计算HLA等位基因频率、单倍型频率和连锁不平衡参数,按内氏公式计算出不同人群之间的遗传距离,并利用Mega5.0软件构建系统发生树.结果 该人群HLA-A、B、DRB1等位基因分布均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡(P＞0.1).3个基因座分别检出18、33和13个等位基因,其中等位基因频率分布最高的分别是A* 02 (0.2935)、B* 15 (0.1485)和DRB1* 15 (0.1621);最常见的单倍型为A* 30-B* 13-DRB1* 07(0.0649),A* 33-B* 58、A*66-DRB1* 13、B*08-DRB1* 03呈现最强的连锁不平衡;山东省烟台和威海汉族人群与吉林省汉族人群遗传距离最小,为0.0034.结论 山东省烟台和威海地区汉族人群HLA-A、B、DRB1等位基因和单倍型具有较高的遗传多态性,该人群与吉林汉族人群亲缘关系最近.     

山东地区汉族人群中HLA-A、-B、-DRB1等位基因与原因不明卵巢早衰相关性研究

目的探讨HLA-A,-B和-DRB1位点等位基因多态性与原因不明卵巢早衰(premature ovarian failure,POF)的相关性。方法利用毛细管电泳测序技术(Capillary Electrophoresis),对36例汉族原因不明POF患者进行HLA-A,-B,-DRB1基因分型,并以865例山东健康汉族个体造血干细胞分型资料作为对照,分析HLA等位基因频率在两组中的分布差异。结果 POF组中HLA-A*33、HLA-B*07、HLA-B*52和HLA-B*55等位基因频率显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。HLA-A*33的等位基因频率POF组为19.44%,而正常对照组为10.17%,RR=2.18;HLA-B*07的等位基因频率POF组为12.50%,而正常对照组为5.32%,RR=2.65;HLA-B*52的等位基因频率POF组为11.11%,而正常对照组为4.10%,RR=3.06;HLA-B*55的等位基因频率POF组为5.56%,而正常对照组为1.50%,RR=4.23。结论山东汉族人群中HLA-A*33、HLA-B*07、HLA-B*52和HLA-B*55等位基因可能是POF的易感基因。     

慢性乙型肝炎病毒感染与HLA-DRB1基因的相关性研究

目的： 研究HLA-DRB1等位基因与HBV感染慢性化的相关性。 方法： 用PCR-SSP 方法对陕西地区汉族乙肝患者108例与正常对照108人以及慢性乙型肝炎表面抗原携带者32人，进行HLA-DRB1等位基因分型比较，并进行HLA-DRB1等位基因分型与HBV不同复制状态相关性分析。 结果： 陕西地区汉族人HLA-DRB1等位基因以DRB1*04（16.2%），DRB1*09（12.5%），DRB1*12（11.6%）, DRB1*15（13.4%）最为常见；病例组HLA－DRB1*03 的等位基因频率(10.6%)明显高于健康对照组(3.7%)，(OR=3.10; P<0.05)；HLA-DRB1*07等位基因频率病例组(17.6%)明显高于健康对照组(9.3%)(OR=2.09; P<0.05)；DRB1*07 基因位点在HBV高复制状态多见（OR=2.22; P<0.05）; HLA-DRB1*15对照组等位基因频率13.4%, 明显高于病例组6.9% (OR=0.48; P<0.05)。 结论： HLA－DRB1*03、HLA-DRB1*07与陕西地区汉族人HBV感染后的慢性化相关联，HLA-DRB1*15为陕西地区汉族人乙肝感染的抗性基因。本研究提示HLA-Ⅱ类基因是决定HBV感染后临床转归的重要因素。     

兰州地区汉族人群HLA-A、B和DRB1等位基因多态性分析

目的分析兰州地区汉族人群HLA-A、B和DRB1位点等位基因多态性特点。方法采用序列特异性引物聚合酶链反应技术对兰州地区200名健康无血缘关系的汉族个体HLA-A、B和DRB1基因座进行分型，并与西北、北方和南方汉族、西北回族、维吾尔族和藏族人群进行比较。结果兰州汉族人群中HLA-A基因座共检出14个等位基因，以A＊02，A＊11，A＊24，A＊33，A＊30，A＊01和A＊31基因最常见；HLA—B基因座共检出32个等位基因，以B＊40，B＊15，B＊46，B＊13，B＊51，B＊60，B＊58和B＊44基因最为常见；HLA-DRB1基因座共检出13个等位基因，最多见的基因依次为DRB1＊09．DRB＊15，DRB1＊12，DRB1＊04，DRB1＊11，DRB1＊07，DRB1＊08和DRB1＊14，接近北方汉族而与南方汉族有差异，与西北回族无明显差异，但与西北维吾尔族和藏族差异有统计学意义。结论兰州地区汉族人群HLA-A、B和DRB1位点等位基因多态性与南、北汉族人群存在不同程度的差异，与西北维吾尔族和藏族差异显著。     

Development in in vitro toxicology

There are three principal pressures driving the development of in vitro toxicology: (1) the need for more efficient testing systems to cope with the large number of xenobiotics currently being developed; (2) public pressure to reduce animal experimentation; and (3) a need for a better understanding of the mechanisms of toxicity. Within this, in vitro toxicology is focused on local, systemic, and target-organ toxicity. It is becoming increasingly apparent that a step or decision-tree approach using input of a variety of experimental data (physicochemical properties, biokinetics, cytotoxicity) provides the most efficient system for predicting toxicity. Examples of the use of in vitro toxicity systems for prediction of systemic toxicity and target-organ (liver) toxicity are presented.Originally presented at ECCP 93.     

Age-related changes in polyamines in memory-associated brain structures in rats

Polyamines putrescine, spermidine and spermine are positively charged aliphatic amines and have important roles in maintaining normal cellular function, regulating neurotransmitter receptors and modulating learning and memory. Recent evidence suggests a role of putrescine in hippocampal neurogenesis, that is significantly impaired during aging. The present study measured the polyamine levels in memory-related brain structures in 24- (aged), 12- (middle-aged) and 4- (young) month-old rats using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and high performance liquid chromatography. In the hippocampus, the putrescine levels were significantly decreased in the CA1 and dentate gyrus, and increased in the CA2/3 with age. Significant age-related increases in the spermidine levels were found in the CA1 and CA2/3. There was no difference between groups in spermine in any sub-regions examined. In the parahippocampal region, increased putrescine level with age was observed in the entorhinal cortex, and age did not alter the spermidine levels. The spermine level was significantly decreased in the perirhinal cortex and increased in the postrhinal cortex with age. In the prefrontal cortex, there was age-related decrease in putrescine, and the spermidine and spermine levels were significantly increased with age. This study, for the first time, demonstrates age-related region-specific changes in polyamines in memory-associated structures, suggesting that polyamine system dysfunction may potentially contribute to aged-related impairments in hippocampal neurogenesis and learning and memory.     

休克过程中肾上腺髓质素变化的研究进展

Adrenomedullin (AM) is a new peptidergic regulator of vascular function. AM serves as a hormone, which has many biological properties, plays an important role in the many pathophysiological processes, especially shock. This review will highlight the structure, biological properties of AM and the relationship between AM and shock.     

Seasonal variations in acute toxoplasmosis in pregnant women in Slovenia

Between December 1999 and December 2004, 40 081 pregnant women were examined for toxoplasmosis with Toxo-IgG, Toxo-IgM enzyme immunoassay. Women with positive results were then retested with the Toxo-IgG avidity assay for recent toxoplasmosis. Recent acute toxoplasmosis in pregnant women was found to be significantly more frequent (p < 0.01) during winter than summer. The incidence of acute toxoplasmosis during winter-spring was also significantly more frequent (p < 0.025) than summer-autumn. This phenomenon should be taken into account when formulating preventive measures for toxoplasmosis, especially for pregnant women.     

Secular change in menarche in women in Madrid

The age at menarche was estimated by recollection in 1617 women between the ages of 18 and 60 in Madrid and a nearby suburb, Pinto. The population of Pinto is working-class and the Madrid group, taken from residential neighbourhoods , belongs to the upper middle class. In both groups we found a diminution in average age at menarche, from 14.04 to 13.02 years in Madrid and from 14.55 to 13.16 years from about 1935 to about 1965 in Pinto. These changes have been more intense in the group which is less well-off economically, where living conditions have varied much more drastically.     

Uteroglobin in the developing rabbit conceptus in vivo and in vitro

Summary Uteroglobin (UGL) was measured in day- 4 to day-10 rabbit conceptuses by a competitive ELISA. Levels in blastocyst fluid, tissues, coverings and in the early fetus were determined separately. The total amount of UGL increased from 18.4 ng to 6.8 g per conceptus. The UGL content of individual day-6 blastocysts was studied in vitro. Culturing was carried out up to 60 h in Ham's F10 medium with polyvinylpyrrolidone as macromolecular component, with and without progesterone, and with progesterone plus estradiol. UGL was determined in the blastocyst fluids, tissues with coverings and in the culture media. After labelling with [³⁵S]-methionine, protein patterns of total blastocysts and of culture media were analysed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and fluorography. The morphology of cultured blastocysts was examined by electron microscopy. During 60 h of culture, the blastocysts expanded in diameter by 84%, and released 19% of their initial UGL content into the medium, independent of the hormonal substitution. Neither de novo synthesis, nor degradation of UGL was found: the protein remained unlabelled in fluorography, and its total quantity was not significantly different from that of non-cultured controls. Trophoblast, endoderm and embryoblast cells showed well preserved cell organelles and intercellular junctions, while the morphological differentiation of the germ layer was inhibited.