银杏叶提取物对星形胶质细胞诱导型一氧化氮合酶基因表达的调控

 目的研究银杏叶提取物(EGh761)对星形胶质细胞合成一氧化氮(NO)的作用以及对共培养的小脑颗粒神经元的作用。方法以脂多糖(LPS)和IFN-γ诱导体外培养的大鼠星形胶质细胞表达诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS),产生NO作为病理条件下胶质细胞过度活化的实验模型,应用逆转录基因扩增技术和蛋白质印迹技术检测EGb761对星形胶质细胞中iNOS基因表达的影响,并探讨这一调控作用的分子机制。结果EGb761能明显降低星形胶质细胞中iNOS mRNA和蛋白质的表达、减少NO 的生成、防止活化的胶质细胞损伤共培养神经元,抑制IκB-α的降解和阻止p65/RelA进入细胞核,提示EGb761对iNOS基因表达的抑制作用依赖于NF-κB信号通路。结论EGb761可能对与胶质细胞过度活化有关的神经系统疾病具有治疗、预防的作用。     

Effects of Ginkgo Biloba Extract EGb‐761 on Neuropathic Pain in Mice: Involvement of Opioid System

Neuropathic pain is considered as one of the most difficult types of pain to manage with conventional analgesics. EGb‐761 is extracted from leaves of Ginkgo biloba and has analgesia and anti‐inflammatory properties. This study aimed to examine the effect of EGb‐761 on chronic constriction injury (CCI)‐induced neuropathic pain behaviors, including thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia, and to explore the possible mechanisms underlying this action. To this end, CCI mice were intraperitoneally injected with EGb‐761 (10, 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg), and thermal hyperalgesia, mechanical allodynia, cytokines, and mu‐opioid receptor expression were measured. Results showed that EGb‐761 attenuated thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia dose‐dependently and the best delivery time window was from day 7 to day 14 after CCI. Additionally, EGb‐761 treatment significantly decreased pro‐inflammatory cytokines and enhanced mu opioid receptor (MOR) expression in the sciatic nerve. Moreover, the opioid antagonist naloxone prevented the effect of EGb‐761 on thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia but did not influence the effect of EGb‐761 on inflammatory cytokines. In conclusion, this study suggests that the potential of EGb‐761 as a new analgesic for neuropathic pain treatment, and opioid system may be involved in the EGb‐761‐induced attenuation of thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Protocatechuic Acid Attenuates Osteoclastogenesis by Downregulating JNK/c‐Fos/NFATc1 Signaling and Prevents Inflammatory Bone Loss in Mice

Protocatechuic acid (PCA) plays a critical role in nutritional metabolism; it is a major metabolite of anthocyanins, which are flavonoids with a range of health benefits. PCA has a variety of biological activities including anti‐oxidant, antiinflammatory, anti‐apoptosis, and anti‐microbial activities. However, the pharmacological effect of PCA, especially on osteoclastogenesis, remains unknown. We examined the effect of PCA on receptor activator of NF‐κB ligand (RANKL)‐induced osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption. PCA dose‐dependently inhibited RANKL‐induced osteoclast differentiation in mouse bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) and suppressed the bone‐resorbing activity of mature osteoclasts. At the molecular level, PCA suppressed RANKL‐induced phosphorylation of JNK among MAPKs only, without significantly affecting the early signaling pathway. PCA also suppressed RANKL‐stimulated expression of c‐Fos and nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1) at the mRNA and protein levels, without altering c‐Fos mRNA expression. Additionally, PCA down‐regulated the expression of downstream osteoclastogenesis‐related genes including β3‐integrin, DC‐STAMP, OC‐STAMP, Atp6v0d2, CTR, and CtsK. Mice treated with PCA efficiently recovered from lipopolysaccharide‐induced bone loss in vivo. Thus, PCA inhibits RANKL‐induced osteoclast differentiation and function by suppressing JNK signaling, c‐Fos stability, and expression of osteoclastic marker genes. These results suggest that PCA could be useful in treatment of inflammatory bone disorders. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effect of Ginkgo Biloba Extract on Lipopolysaccharide‐induced Anhedonic Depressive‐like Behavior in Male Rats

The peripheral administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces depressive‐like behavior. Anhedonia is a core symptom of depression, defined as a loss of the capacity to experience pleasure. The present study used the sucrose preference test to investigate the influence of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) on LPS‐induced anhedonia in male rats. The animals were randomly divided into four groups: (I) vehicle + saline, (II) vehicle + LPS, (III) EGb 761 + saline, and (IV) EGb 761 + LPS. Saline or LPS (100 µg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally 2 h before the sucrose preference test. Sucrose consumption was recorded 2, 4, 6, 13, and 24 h after 100 µg/kg of LPS or saline injection in the dark phase of the light/dark cycle. Dopamine and serotonin levels in the nucleus accumbens were measured. Our results indicated that the vehicle + LPS group exhibited a significant decrease in sucrose intake compared with the vehicle + saline group. The EGb 761 + LPS group showed more sucrose and food consumption than the vehicle + LPS group. Additionally, compared with the EGb 761 + LPS group, the vehicle + LPS group had less dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens. Treatment with EGb 761 had no effect on water intake. Our results suggest that EGb 761 may be useful for reducing anhedonic depressive‐like behavior. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Preventative Effects of Ginkgo biloba Extract (EGb761) on High Glucose‐Cultured Opacity of Rat Lens

Diabetic cataract is one of the earliest secondary complications of diabetes, and it is characterized by opacification of the eye lens. In this study, we examined the protective effects of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb761) on rat lenses cultured in high‐glucose conditions. The cultured rat lenses were divided into six groups: normal group, high‐glucose group, high glucose plus low, medium, and high concentrations of EGb761 groups, and a high glucose plus bendazac lysine group. The activities of antioxidases, aldose reductase, advanced glycosylation end products, transforming growth factor‐β2, Smad2/3, E‐cadherin, and α‐smooth muscle actin were assessed by different methods. Compared with the levels in the high glucose group, EGb761 decreased the intensity of oxidative stress, decreased aldose reductase activation and the level of advanced glycosylation end products, and suppress the transforming growth factor‐β2 or Smad pathway activation, further increase the expression of E‐cadherin and decrease α‐smooth muscle actin, and therefore, prevents the pathological changes of high glucose‐induced lens epithelial cells and ameliorated lens opacity. These results suggest that EGb761 has protective effects on several pharmacological targets in the progress of diabetic cataract and is a potential drug for the prevention of diabetic cataract. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Protective Effect and Potential Mechanism of Ginkgo biloba Extract EGb 761 on STZ‐induced Neuropathic Pain in Rats

Diabetes induced neuropathic pain is recognized as one of the most difficult types of pain to treat with conventional analgaesics. EGb 761 is a standardized extract of Ginkgo biloba that has analgaesic and antiinflammatory properties and modulatory effects on key pain‐related molecules. We examined the effect of EGb 761 on streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced neuropathic pain behaviours and assessed its mechanism of action. Streptozotocin (20 mg/kg i.p for 5 days) was administered to induce experimental diabetes. Pain hypersensitivity to radiant heat was measured using the Dynamic Plantar Aesthesiometer to test the pain threshold. Diabetic rats exhibited mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperanalgaesia after the third week of STZ injection and concomitantly increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substance and nitric oxide concentration. The antioxidant enzymes level of superoxide dismutase and catalase was markedly reduced in STZ‐diabetic rats (p < 0.05). Systemic administration of EGb 761 (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg), starting after the third week following STZ injection, dose‐dependently reversed STZ‐induced thermal hyperanalgaesia and mechanical allodynia. Moreover, it reduced oxidonitrosative stress and concomitantly restored the level of antioxidant enzymes (p < 0.05) as compared with untreated diabetic rats. These results suggest that EGb 761 attenuated STZ‐induced neuropathic pain behaviours by inhibiting oxidative and nitrosative stress and may constitute a new approach for treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

天麻素对同型半胱氨酸诱导的细胞因子表达的影响

目的：研究天麻素对同型半胱氨酸诱导的小胶质细胞白介素-1β（IL-1β）、白介素-6（IL-6）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）表达的影响,并对其结果与银杏叶提取物EGb761进行比较。方法：将体外培养的小鼠小胶质瘤细胞（BV-2细胞）分成空白对照组、同型半胱氨酸组、EGb761组（100mg／L）和天麻素低、中、高（2．5、5、10mmol／L）剂量组,培养72h。应用RT—qPCR方法评价IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-αmRNA表达,酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）测定培养上清中上述细胞因子的蛋白浓度。结果：与对照组相比,同型半胱氨酸组细胞内IL—18、IL-6和TNF—dmRNA表达和细胞培养上清液中蛋白浓度明显增加;与同型半胱氨酸组相比,EGb761组和天麻素各组细胞因子mRNA表达及培养上清液中蛋白浓度均降低,尤其是高剂量天麻素组与EGb761组作用相当,结果均具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：天麻素能抑制同型半胱氨酸诱导的小胶质细胞IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α表达,在一定浓度条件下其作用不亚于银杏叶提取物。     

银杏叶提取物EGb761对海马神经元氧糖剥夺后神经元凋亡及Bcl-2蛋白表达的影响

目的:通过观察银杏叶提取物(extract of ginkgo biloba,EGb761)对氧糖剥夺处理的原代培养海马神经元凋亡及Bcl-2蛋白表达的影响,探讨EGb761对脑缺血的神经保护作用。方法:采用海马神经元培养氧糖剥夺损伤(OGD)模型,分为正常对照组、OGD组及EGb761组,观察神经元凋亡及抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2表达情况。结果:EGb761组较OGD组能明显减少神经元凋亡,上调Bcl-2表达(P<0.05)。结论:EGb761对氧糖剥夺处理后的海马神经元具有明显保护作用。     

银杏叶提取物(EGb761)通过调控AMPK/KLF4途径抑制血管平滑肌细胞表型转化

目的探讨银杏叶提取物(EGb761)对血小板源生长因子(PDGF)诱导的血管平滑肌细胞(VSMCs)表型转化的影响及其机制。方法体外培养原代VSMCs,使用20 ng·mL^-1的PDGF诱导VSMCs表型转化,采用MTT法和划痕实验检测不同浓度(1、10、100μg·mL^-1)EGb761对VSMCs增殖和迁移的作用;采用免疫荧光和Western blot分别检测VSMCs肌丝排列情况和表型转化相关蛋白α平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)、calopnin、骨桥蛋白(OPN)以及AMPK/KLF4通路蛋白表达的改变。结果与对照组相比,PDGF诱导VSMCs增殖和迁移明显增强,而EGb761呈浓度依赖性抑制PDGF诱导的VSMCs增殖和迁移;与对照组相比,PDGF组细胞肌丝F-actin排列紊乱、荧光减弱;α-SMA、calponin表达减弱,而OPN表达增强;PDGF+EGb761组细胞肌丝F-actin排列较整齐、荧光较强;α-SMA、calponin表达增强,OPN表达减弱,且呈浓度依赖性。此外,与对照组相比,PDGF能明显诱导AMPK磷酸化水平增加和KLF4表达上调,EGb761呈浓度依赖性抑制AMPK/KLF4通路的激活。使用AMPK通路抑制剂compound C抑制AMPK/KLF4通路后,EGb761对PDGF介导的VSMCs表型转化的抑制作用得到加强;反之,使用AMPK通路激活剂AICAR激活AMPK/KLF4通路后,EGb761对介导的VSMCs表型转化的抑制作用得到逆转。结论EGb761通过抑制APMK/KLF4通路拮抗PDGF诱导的VSMCs表型转化。     

Protective effects of 3′‐deoxy‐4‐O‐methylepisappanol from Caesalpinia sappan against glutamate‐induced neurotoxicity in primary cultured rat cortical cells

To examine the neuroprotective effects of Caesalpinia sappan L., we tested its protection against the glutamate‐induced neurotoxicity in primary cortical cultured neurons. We found that an aqueous extract of this medicinal plant exhibited significant protection against glutamate‐induced toxicity in primary cultured rat cortical cells. In order to clarify the neuroprotective mechanism(s) of this observed effect, isolation was performed to seek and identify active fractions and components. By such fractionation, two known compounds – sappanchalcone and 3′‐deoxy‐4‐O‐methylepisappanol – were isolated from the methanol extracts from the air‐dried and chipped C. sappan. Among these two compounds, 3′‐deoxy‐4‐O‐methylepisappanol exhibited significant neuroprotective activities against glutamate‐induced toxicity, exhibiting cell viability of about 50%, at concentrations ranging from 0.1 μM to 10 μM. Therefore, the neuroprotective effect of C. sappan might be due to the inhibition of glutamate‐induced toxicity by the protosappanin derivative it contains. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

银杏叶提取物对AFB1诱发大鼠肝癌过程中CYP3A4活性的影响

目的动态观察银杏叶提取物(Ginkgo biloba extract,EGb761)在黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)诱发大鼠肝癌过程中对肝组织代谢酶CYP3A4活性的影响。方法将70只4周龄Wistar雄性大鼠随机分为3组:AFB1组(25只),AFB1+EGb761组(25只)及对照组(20只)。在诱发肝癌过程中,分别于第13,23,33,43,53,63周对大鼠进行肝活检;实验至第73周处死全部动物取肝组织;利用大鼠肝组织微粒体混合酶体外代谢体系,采用荧光分光光度定量法动态检测肝标本中CYP3A4酶代谢活性。结果 AFB1+EGb761组肝癌发生率明显低于AFB1组(P<0.01),而对照组为无肿瘤发生。各组肝组织CYP3A4活性在第23周和第53周呈现双波峰变化;AFB1+EGb761组在第53周和第63周时CYP3A4酶活性低于AFB1组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 EGb761可显著降低AFB1诱发大鼠肝癌的发生率。其机制之一可能为抑制大鼠肝组织CYP3A4活性从而减少前致癌物的代谢,降低AFB1致癌性及其化学性肝损伤达到保护肝脏的作用。     

Suppression of experimental abdominal aortic aneurysms in the mice by treatment with Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761)

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) is widely used to treat cerebral disorders. Clinical trials have demonstrated therapeutic benefits of EGb 761 in various vascular diseases. Because the potential pathophysiological mechanisms appear similar to those involved in aneurysmal degeneration, we postulated that EGb 761 might affect the development and progression of experimental abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). This study was aimed to investigate whether EGb 761 influences the development of experimental AAAs, and to explore the underlying mechanisms.

Material and methods

C57/BL6 mice underwent abluminal application of CaCl₂ to the abdominal aorta followed by gavages with either 200 mg/kg EGb 761 per day or vehicle. Six weeks after AAA induction, aortic tissue was excised for further examinations.

Results

EGb 761 treatment reduced the aneurysm size compared with vehicle-treated controls. EGb 761 had no effect on hemodynamics or macrophage infiltration in the aortic wall. However, nuclear factor κB protein levels were decreased in the aortas of EGb 761 treated animals. The increased ROS production, SOD and CAT activities, and mRNA expression of p47phox nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase were attenuated by EGb 761 treatment. Moreover, administration of EGb 761 preserved the destruction of the wavy morphology of the elastin during AAA formation. Zymographic activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and MMP-2 was lowered in EGb 761 treated mice.

Conclusions

These results suggest that treatment with EGb 761 in mice prevented the development of CaCl₂-induced AAA. The possible mechanisms include decreased oxidative damage and inflammation, preservation of aortic wall architecture, and altered MMPs activities.     

ESP‐102, a combined extract of Angelica gigas,Saururus chinensis and Schizandra chinensis,protects against glutamate‐induced toxicity in primary cultures of rat cortical cells

It was reported previously that ESP‐102, a combined extract of Angelica gigas, Saururus chinensis and Schizandra chinensis, significantly improved scopolamine‐induced memory impairment in mice and protected primary cultured rat cortical cells against glutamate‐induced toxicity. To corroborate this effect, the action patterns of ESP‐102 were elucidated using the same in vitro system. ESP‐102 decreased the cellular calcium concentration increased by glutamate, and inhibited the subsequent overproduction of cellular nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species to the level of control cells. It also preserved cellular activities of antioxidative enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase reduced in the glutamate‐injured neuronal cells. While a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential was observed in glutamate treated cells, the mitochondrial membrane potential was maintained by ESP‐102. These results support that the actual mechanism of neuroprotective activity of ESP‐102 against glutamate‐induced oxidative stress might be its antioxidative activity. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Gingko biloba extract (EGb 761) attenuates the focal cerebral ischemic injury-induced decrease in astrocytic phosphoprotein PEA-15 levels

EGb 761 is an extract of Gingko biloba that is neuroprotective against focal cerebral ischemic injury. PEA-15 (phosphoprotein enriched in astrocytes 15) modulates cell proliferation and apoptosis. In this study, we investigated whether EGb 761 regulates the expression of PEA-15 and two phosphorylated forms of PEA-15 (Ser 104 and Ser 116) in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)-induced injury. Adult male rats were treated with vehicle or EGb 761 (100 mg/kg) prior to MCAO and cerebral cortices were collected 24 h after MCAO. A reduction in expression of PEA-15 and its phosphorylated forms induced by MCAO injury was detected using a proteomic approach. EGb 761 pretreatment prevented the ischemic injury-induced decrease in PEA-15 expression. Western blot analysis demonstrated that EGb 761 attenuates the injury-induced reduction in PEA-15, phospho-PEA-15 (Ser 104), phospho-PEA-15 (Ser 116). Phosphorylation of PEA-15 influences its anti-apoptotic function; a decrease in PEA-15 phosphorylation induces apoptotic cell death. The maintenance of PEA-15 phosphorylation by EGb 761 pretreatment during cerebral ischemic injury indicates that EGb 761 is a neuroprotective against cerebral ischemic injury.     

Retracted: Bilobalide alleviates tumor necrosis factor‐alpha‐induced pancreatic beta‐cell MIN6 apoptosis and dysfunction through upregulation of miR‐153

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a systemic disease and one classical type of total DM. Bilobalide (BB) is constituted of EGb 761. Our purpose was identifying the role of BB in TIDM in the current study. MIN6 cells were treated by TNF‐α; then, viability, apoptosis, and insulin secretion were assessed by performing Cell Counting Kit‐8 assay, flow cytometry, glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion assay, and western blot. The effects of BB were assessed to identify its function. Further, the above mentioned parameters were reassessed when silencing miR‐153. TNF‐α declined viability and insulin secretion as well as raised apoptosis and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in MIN6 cells. BB alleviated the apoptosis and dysfunction induced by TNF‐α. MiR‐153 expression was elevated by BB when induced by TNF‐α. Increase of viability and insulin secretion as well as decline of apoptosis and iNOS induced by BB treatment was alleviated by silencing miR‐153. The rates of p/t‐p70S6K, p/t‐mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and p/t‐adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) were raised by BB and suppressed by silencing miR‐153 under TNF‐α induced condition. BB raised viability and insulin secretion, declined apoptosis and iNOS expression by up‐regulating miR‐153. Furthermore, BB activated AMPK/mTOR pathway by up‐regulating miR‐153.     

银杏叶提取物对同型半胱氨酸致血管内皮细胞损伤的保护作用

目的:研究银杏叶提取物(EGb)对同型半胱氨酸诱导的人脐静脉内皮细胞株ECV304细胞损伤的保护作用。方法:用硝酸还原酶法和化学比色法测定细胞NO生成量及内皮型一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)活性;并分别用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)和免疫组织化学技术检测同型半胱氨酸和EGb对内皮细胞eNOS mRNA和蛋白表达的影响。结果:同型半胱氨酸使内皮细胞eNOS mRNA和蛋白表达减少,eNOS活性降低,NO生成减少。与同型半胱氨酸组相比,EGb干预组可上调eNOS mRNA和蛋白的表达,增强eNOS活性,使NO生成增多。结论:同型半胱氨酸通过下调eNOS表达损伤内皮细胞功能,而EGb可预防这一影响从而对内皮细胞产生保护作用。     

调心方有效部位和达纳康对类AD大鼠脑组织IL-1β IL-6和APPmRNA表达的影响

目的:研究调心方有效部位(TX0201)和达纳康(EGb761)对Aβ25-35所致类AD模型大鼠神经免疫调节作用机制的异同。方法:采用双侧杏仁核注射Aβ25-35造成类AD大鼠模型,观察大鼠Morris水迷宫空间记忆能力,并分别通过免疫组化和RT-PCR方法研究类AD大鼠神经元胶质细胞(GFAP)APPmRNA表达;炎性细胞因子IL-1β,IL-6的变化以及TX0201和EGb761的影响。结果:类AD模型大鼠Morris水迷宫测试出现空间记忆能力下降,皮层、海马APPmRNA的表达上调;海马、皮层GFAPP阳性胶质细胞和IL-6mRNA以及海马IL-1βmRNA表达增高。TX0201和EGb761能有效控制以上病理变化。结论:TX0201和EGb761均能显著改善Aβ诱导的痴呆模型大鼠学习记忆障碍,降低海马APPmRNA表达,减轻神经细胞的炎症和免疫联级反应。提示有效控制AD患者脑内Aβ免疫联级反应是TX0201和EGb761的重要作用机制之一。     

银杏叶提取物对H2O2诱导的巨噬细胞凋亡的抑制作用

 目的研究银杏叶提取物(EGb761)对H₂O₂所致RAW264.7巨噬细胞凋亡的保护作用。方法以H₂O₂诱导RAW264.7巨噬细胞凋亡为实验模型,用噻唑蓝(MTT)实验、流式细胞术、蛋白质印迹分析、琼脂糖凝胶电泳和荧光分析分别检测细胞存活率、线粒体膜电位、细胞色素C的释放和Bax,bcl-2蛋白水平、DNA的降解、半胱氨酰天冬氨酸特异性蛋白酶-3(caspase-3)活性。结果EGb761能明显降低H₂O₂对RAW264.7细胞的氧化损伤,提高细胞的存活率；维持线粒体膜的完整性,抑制跨膜电位的耗散和细胞色素C的释放；抑制caspase-3的活化和DNA的降解。结论EGb761具有清除活性氧,减轻H₂O₂所致RAW264.7细胞的氧化损伤,在对H₂O₂诱导的细胞凋亡中发挥重要的抗凋亡作用。     

Connexin 43在银杏叶提取物抗大鼠脑缺血损伤中的作用

目的通过体内体外实验研究缝隙连接蛋白43(Cx43)与EGb761脑缺血神经保护作用的关系,探讨银杏叶制剂EGb761治疗脑缺血的机制。方法在大鼠原代神经细胞中转染荷载Cx43-shRNA的慢病毒,干扰Cx43蛋白表达,同时给予EGb761 200μg/mL处理观察Cx43的表达以及EGb761对Cx43蛋白表达的影响。建立大鼠脑缺血模型,腹腔给予EGb761 50、100 mg/kg,使用HE染色,TTC染色,免疫组化和westernblot方法检测大鼠脑组织细胞的形态变化和大鼠海马Caspase-3,TUNEL阳性细胞,Cx43,p-Cx43蛋白的表达变化。结果 EGb761给药可以减少脑缺血大鼠脑组织梗死面积,显著性抑制脑缺血大鼠海马Caspase-3表达和TUNEL阳性凋亡细胞数目,显著性抑制大鼠海马神经细胞p-Cx43的表达水平。体外培养的大鼠神经细胞转染Cx43-shRNA慢病毒,给予EGb761处理,处理前后神经细胞Cx43/p-Cx43蛋白表达未见明显变化。结论 EGb761可以减轻脑缺血缺氧引起的细胞损伤,其神经保护作用与抑制缺血引起的缝隙连接蛋白Cx43的表达和激活有关。