肿瘤性骨软化症:14例临床分析

目的探讨肿瘤性骨软化症(TIO)患者的临床特点,提高对该病的认识,降低误诊率。方法回顾性分析自2013年1月至2017年1月北京积水潭医院普通外科收治的14例TIO患者的临床资料。研究其临床表现、实验室检查、影像学检查、治疗及预后等资料。结果14例患者均符合TIO的临床诊断标准。100.0%(14/14)出现骨痛,出现活动受限的有78.6%(11/14),乏力的占92.9%(13/14),身高有明显缩短的占35.7%(5/14)。14例患者均出现低血磷症,出现血清碱性磷酸酶升高患者占50.0%(7/14),92.9%(13/14)出现24 h尿磷相对升高,85.7%(12/14)表现为血25-羧基维生素D3正常或下降,所有患者的血钙基本正常或轻度减少,50.0%患者出现甲状旁腺激素升高。2例患者为胸膜外脂肪瘤样型孤立性纤维性肿瘤;1例患者拒绝行手术治疗,~(99)Tc~m-OCT提示右侧胫骨平台内后部生长抑素受体高表达灶;1例患者肿物切除的同时行右下甲状旁腺部分切除术,术后甲状旁腺未见明显异常;11例患者病理诊断为磷酸盐尿性间叶组织肿瘤。10例患者行手术治疗,2例行穿刺病理检查,2例行非手术治疗。行手术治疗的患者血清磷水平逐渐升高,随访6个月至2年,血清磷水平均处于正常范围。结论TIO起病隐匿,病情发展缓慢,临床误诊或误治情况较多,应增强对该病的认识,从而减少临床误诊率。     

血磷、ALP、CA153及TPS对乳腺癌骨转移的诊断价值

 目的 探讨血磷及相关肿瘤标志物对乳腺癌骨转移的诊断价值。方法 对2012-01到2013-01山西省肿瘤医院674份住院治疗的乳腺癌病例进行检索,并调查其基本信息资料(年龄等)、临床资料(病理类型等),实验室资料(血磷、肿瘤标志物等)。随访至2018年底按照治疗后是否发生骨转移分为两组(转移组和对照组),统计分析两组患者各项指标之间的差异。结果 治疗前,乳腺癌骨转移组与对照组血磷含量无统计学差异(t=0.768,P=0.444),而治疗后,对照组的患者其血磷水平为(1.23±0.21)mmol/L,明显高于骨转移组的(1.04±0.21)mmol/L,差异有统计学意义(t=-7.51,P=0.000)。对治疗前后的血磷水平进行配对t检验,得到同样的结果,骨转移组治疗后的血磷水平明显降低(t=2.63,P<0.05),而对照组治疗后血磷水平明显升高(t=-5.66,P<0.0001)。治疗前后骨转移组ALP、CA153、TPS水平均显著高于对照组。结论 乳腺癌患者发生骨转移后血清磷水平明显降低;ALP、CA153、TPS可以作为早期监测乳腺癌骨转移的生物学标志。     

肝动脉化疗栓塞对肝癌肿瘤新生血管生成的影响

目的　研究肝细胞癌 (hepatocellularcarcinoma ,HCC)经导管动脉化疗栓塞 (transcatheterarterialchemoembolization ,TACE)后残癌组织微血管密度 (microvesseldensity ,MVD)、微血管直径的情况及其意义。方法　经病理证实的HCC 63例 ,包括单纯手术切除42例 (对照组 ) ,TACE术后行Ⅱ期手术切除 2 1例 (TACE组 ) ,TACE组患者手术前接受 1～ 2次不等的TACE术治疗 ,均按统一规范标准给予化疗药物灌注 栓塞治疗。对手术切除标本进行免疫组化染色 ,其中TACE组取病灶边缘残存肿瘤部分 ,检测肿瘤组织的MVD、微血管直径。结果　对照组MVD值为 5 1.69± 18.17,TACE组MVD值为 5 8.5 7± 15 .75 ,二者之间比较无显著性差异 (t=1.48,P >0 .0 5 ) ;对照组微血管直径为 ( 17.62± 10 .5 4) μm ,TACE组微血管直径为 ( 15 .79± 7.65 ) μm ,二者之间比较无显著性差异 (t =0 .71,P >0 .0 5 )。结论　TACE术很难彻底消除肿瘤血供 ,术后残癌组织可通过各种途径重新生成丰富血供     

ADC平均值及最小值在鉴别良、恶性四肢软组织肿瘤中的价值

目的:探讨ADC平均值及最小值在鉴别四肢软组织肿瘤良恶性中的价值。方法:搜集经病理证实的53例四肢软组织肿瘤患者,其中良性24例,恶性29例,53例患者均行MRI及DWI检查,分别测量病灶的ADC平均值及ADC最小值。采用独立样本t检验比较良、恶性四肢软组织肿瘤的ADC平均值及ADC最小值差异;采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评价ADC平均值及ADC最小值对良、恶性四肢软组织肿瘤的鉴别诊断效能。结果:24例良性四肢软组织肿瘤的平均ADC值为(1.289±0.231)×10^-3 mm/s^2,29例恶性四肢软组织肿瘤的平均ADC值为(0.960±0.221)×10^-3 mm/s^2,两组差异有统计学意义(P=0.000)。24例良性四肢软组织肿瘤的最小ADC值为(1.118±0.233)×10^-3 mm/s^2,29例恶性四肢软组织肿瘤的最小ADC值为(0.702±0.206)×10^-3 mm/s^2,两组差异有统计学意义(P=0.000)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,在鉴别四肢软组织肿瘤良、恶性方面,平均ADC值的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.866,最小ADC值的AUC为0.910,最小ADC值的鉴别诊断效能优于平均ADC值。最小ADC值的最佳诊断点为0.968×10^-3 mm/s^2,诊断敏感度为83.3%,特异度为89.7%。结论:最小ADC值在鉴别诊断四肢软组织肿瘤良恶性方面优于平均ADC值,有助于临床治疗方案的制定和预后评估。     

不同衰减校正方法及无衰减校正对PET显像结果的影响

目的 探讨CT衰减校正(CTAC)、137Cs衰减校正(CsAC)及无衰减校正(NOAC)对PET图像质量和标准摄取值(SUV)的影响.方法 对Jaszczak模型及30例患者行PET/CT显像,均分别重建CTAC、CsAC和NOAC图像.30例患者中显像未见异常者9例,肺癌7例,肝癌4例,胰腺癌3例,肠癌7例.目测比较模型显像在CTAC、CsAC和NOAC时图像分辨率、均匀性的差异,计算CrAC、CsAC时模型显像均匀区各层面感兴趣区(ROI)的最大和最小百分比非均匀性(Nut),比较在CTAC和CsAC时平均SUV的差异.在图像上对患者正常软组织和骨组织、18F-脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)高摄取病灶以及高密度残留钡剂区勾画ROI,比较各ROI CTAC和CsAC的平均SUV差异,以及CTAC、CsAC和NOAC的图像差异.采用SPSS 12.0软件,2组数据间比较行配对t检验.结果 目测比较模型显像的图像分辨率,在CTAC和CsAC时无明显差异,NOAC图像中心区域的分辨率明显下降;CTAC和CsAC图像均匀性明显优于NOAC.CTAC图像Nut为(23±2)%(最大)、(19±1)%(最小),均匀性优于CsAC[Nut为(29±3)%(最大)、(23±2)%(最小)],两者平均SUV差异无统计学意义(0.9±0.1和1.0±0.1;t=0.367,P=0.719).患者正常软组织及FDG高摄取病灶CTAC和CsAC时的平均SUV差异无统计学意义(0.71±0.20和0.75±0.23,t=-2.159,P=0.054;5.50±4.80和5.70±5.00,t=-2.032,P=0.0.54);在正常骨组织及高密度残留钡剂区中,CTAC的平均SUV明显高于CsAC(1.37±0.29和1.18±0.36,t=7.960,P=0.001;1.82±0.62和0.92±0.20,t=3.451,P=0.018).正常软组织、骨组织及FDG高摄取病灶的CTAC和CsAC图像差异不影响诊断效果.高密度残留钡剂区在CTAC图像上表现为FDG高摄取伪影,而CsAC及NOAC图像上为正常摄取.结论 CTAC和CsAC的图像分辨率无明显差异,CTAC的图像均匀性优于CsAC,两者图像质量均明显优于NOAC;CTAC对高密度物质的SUV可明显高估,且可出现FDG高摄取伪影.     

未分化多形性肉瘤MRI特征及Ki-67表达与预后相关性

目的：探讨未分化多形性肉瘤(UPS)的 MRI 特征及 Ki-67表达与预后相关性。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的34例 UPS MRI 表现及临床病理资料,平均随访3年,按局部有无复发分为未复发组(15例)和复发组(19例),并分析2组患者年龄、肿瘤大小、位置、MRI 特征(病灶边界、出血、坏死囊变、假包膜和瘤周特点)及 Ki-67表达。结果2组肿瘤大小(P =0.002)、位置(P=0.025)、假包膜(P =0.025)、瘤周侵犯(P =0.008)及 Ki-67表达(P =0.000)与肿瘤局部复发存在统计学相关性。结论术前MRI 可观察 UPS 的特征、邻近组织关系及局部侵袭范围,有助于临床诊断及制订合适的手术方案。     

99Tcm-MIBI显像用于分化型甲状腺癌复发与P-gp表达的关系研究

目的 探讨分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)手术及131I清除剩余甲状腺组织(清甲)后复发时99Tcm-甲氧基异丁基异腈(MIBI)显像的特点及耐药蛋白(P-糖蛋白,P-gp)的表达.方法 经手术病理检查确诊为DTC、清甲治疗后患者173例,术前均行99Tcm-MIBI双时相甲状腺局部静态显像,图像由3位有经验的核医学科医师集体阅片,计算99Tcm-IBI显像早期(10 min)、延迟(120 min)肿瘤/正常组织放射性(T/NT)比值及洗脱率,术后4-6周行清甲.3年内复发9例为复发组,单纯随机抽样法选择未复发病例9例为无复发组.选取术后癌组织保存标本,采用免疫组织化学法及反转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)技术检测P-gP的表达.统计学处理采用SPSS 10.0软件,行t检验及Spearman秩相关分析.结果 DTC复发组早期、延迟相T/NT比值及洗脱率分别为1.18±0.28,1.16±0.24和(17.00±2.91)%,无复发组分别为1.54±0.26,1.65±0.26和(7.130±3.21)%,差异均有统计学意义(t=2.835,4.152,6.924,P均<0.01);DTC组织中P-gp的阳性细胞数比率复发组为(43.00±8.21)%,明显高于无复发组的(26.00±6.91)%(t=4.753,P<0.01),不同病理类型间阳性细胞数比率差异无统计学意义(t=0.176,P>0.05);DTC组织中P-gp的基因表达量复发组为0.60±0.12,明显高于无复发组的0.31±0.19(t=3.871,P<0.01),不同病理类型DTC的P-gp基因表达量差异无统计学意义(t=0.337,P>0.05).免疫组织化学及RT-PCR结果均提示:DTC患者癌组织中的P-gp表达与99Tcm-MIBI显像洗脱率之间均存在直线正相关(r=0.84和0.79,P均<0.05).结论 99Tm-MIBI显像早期、延迟T/NT比值及洗脱率与DTC清甲后复发关系密切,DTC原发灶清除99Tcm-MIBI的能力可在体反映P-gp的活性,原发灶99Tcm-MIBI的洗脱率可以预测其术后复发.     

糖尿病足下肢动脉硬化症的介入治疗

目的探讨糖尿病足患者下肢动脉硬化症血管介入治疗的方法及其临床价值。资料与方法采用Seldinger技术,经股动脉顺行或逆行穿刺插管,对12例患者15条患肢行数字减影血管造影(DSA),对下肢动脉行球囊成形术联合释放支架,并于2周、4周对比跟踪治疗效果。结果所有手术均成功,患肢血流均明显改善;治疗后4周麻木、疼痛、皮温低、发紫等临床症状较治疗前有明显的改善(χ2=6.85,χ2=6.95,χ2=7.02,χ2=7.33,P均<0.01);治疗后4周踝肱指数(ABI)(0.80±0.13)明显高于治疗前(0.62±0.10)(t=3.412,P<0.01);治疗后4周管腔狭窄程度较治疗前有明显的改善(χ2=6.35,χ2=6.84,χ2=6.92,P均<0.01);超声示血管内径治疗后较治疗前增加(t=0.412,P<0.05)。结论介入治疗糖尿病足,微创、安全、有效,对糖尿病足下肢动脉介入治疗近期疗效满意,可明显改善患肢血供。     

MR灌注成像在鉴别脑胶质瘤放疗后坏死与肿瘤复发中的应用

目的探讨MR灌注成像(PWI)在脑胶质瘤放疗后坏死和肿瘤复发鉴别诊断中的应用。资料与方法对术后行放疗的胶质瘤患者32例(肿瘤复发组18例;放射性坏死组14例),行MRPWI及常规MRI检查。由灌注数据获取脑血容积(CBV)图和脑血流量(CBF)图,计算出病灶及健侧脑皮质最大相对CBV(rCBV)值、最大相对CBF(rCBF)值。结果肿瘤复发组的rCBV值、rCBF值均升高,肿瘤复发的最大rCBV值及最大rCBF值分别为6.23±2.23、5.21±1.55,健侧分别为3.26±1.03(P<0.01)、2.41±1.15(P<0.01);放射性坏死组的rCBV值、rCBF值均降低,最大rCBV值及最大rCBF值分别为1.90±0.53、1.21±0.32,健侧分别为4.26±1.13(P<0.05)、3.36±1.24(P<0.05);两组间最大rCBV值和rCBF值差异均有统计学意义(t检验,P<0.01);非参数相关性分析表明最大rCBV值和最大rCBF值间存在显著的相关性(r=0.795,P<0.05)。结论MRPWI对脑胶质瘤放疗后坏死和肿瘤复发的鉴别有重要意义,最大rCBV值结合最大rCBF值可以更好地鉴别脑胶质瘤放疗后坏死和肿瘤复发。     

盐酸司维拉姆与低钙透析液合用对血液透析患者相关血清指标的改善效果

 目的 探讨盐酸司维拉姆与低钙透析液联合应用对血液透析患者血清高密度脂蛋白、血磷、血清钙磷乘积变化及不良反应的影响。方法 选取医院2016-01至2018-01肾内科进行血液透析的慢性肾衰竭患者80例,分为对照组和试验组,每组40例,对两组患者采取不同的治疗方法:对照组采取常规血液透析治疗方法;试验组选用盐酸司维拉姆与低钙透析液进行联合治疗。治疗周期均为12周。治疗结束后,观察两组患者脂质代谢指标变化(TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C)、血钙、血磷、血清钙磷乘积变化及不良反应。结果 试验组患者在治疗前后,测得其血钙浓度并无显著变化(P>0.05),对照组患者治疗后血钙(2.75±0.35)mmol/L 浓度明显高于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);试验组患者治疗后TC(4.12±0.86) mmol/L、TG(1.21±0.64) mmol/L、LDL-C(2.14±0.38 mmol/L) 水平均显著低于对照组患者,而HDL-C水平(1.54±0.20)较对照组明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);患者治疗后不良反应的总发生率为31.82％,明显高于对照组的18.18％(P<0.05)。结论 采取盐酸司维拉姆与低钙透析液联合治疗的方式,可有效改善血液透析患者血清高密度脂蛋白、血磷、血清钙磷乘积水平,疗效显著,且基本无严重不良反应发生。     

面颊部软组织异常影像分析

目的提高对面颊部软组织异常影像的认识。方法回顾分析47例面颊部软组织异常患者的影像表现。结果(1)原发于面颊部软组织病变15例,良性8例,恶性7例。邻近颌面部病变侵犯面颊软组织6例,良性1例,恶性5例。颌骨病变累及面颊部软组织26例,良性颌骨肿瘤9例,恶性颌骨肿瘤14例,颌骨慢性骨髓炎3例,均有骨质破坏。(2)根据起源部位,21例非颌骨源性面颊软组织异常,5例有骨质破坏(占23.8%)。(3)颌骨源性面颊部软组织异常26例,其中9例良性肿瘤的软组织肿块均主要局限于颌骨内,而14例恶性肿瘤的软组织肿块位于颌骨内、外,两者差别有显著意义(P=0.000)。9例良性肿瘤均呈膨胀性骨破坏,14例恶性肿瘤中,12例为溶骨性骨质破坏,2例为成骨性骨质破坏,两者差别有显著意义(P=0.000)。结论CT和MRI对判断面颊部软组织异常病变的起源部位、范围、鉴别其良恶性具有重要意义。     

软组织肿瘤MR扩散成像与灌注成像的比较研究

目的 通过分析一组软组织肿瘤同一病例相同ROI的MR DWI及PWI的影像信息,比较这2种MR功能成像技术用于软组织肿瘤的定性诊断价值.方法 对50例软组织肿瘤(良性24例,恶性26例)同时行DWI及PWI.通过扩散及灌注软件分析DWI及PWI参数在良、恶性肿瘤中的表现,进行差异的t检验,对所获两法的诊断符合率进行x2检验.采用受试者操作特征曲线(ROC曲线)分析曲线下面积(AUC),确定诊断阈值并对2种诊断方法进行评价.结果 良、恶性软组织肿瘤的ADC值[(良、恶性分别为(2.03±0.36)和(1.52±0.39)×10-3mm2/s]、首过灌注(FP)期信号强度丢失率[良、恶性分别为(13.54±3.37)%和(47.57±5.21)%]的差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为2.515和2.938,P值均<0.05),时间-信号强度曲线(TIC)最大线性斜率[良、恶性分别为(5.51±2.54)%和(7.94±3.33)%]的差异无统计学意义(t值为1.272,P>0.05);以ADC值1.866×10-3mm2/s为阈值,DWI诊断恶性肿瘤的敏感度为84.6%(22/26),特异度为83.3%(20/24);以FP期最大信号丢失率40.33%为阈值,PWI诊断恶性肿瘤的敏感度为88.5%(23/26),特异度为75.0%(18/24);TIC类型的Ⅰa型在良性肿瘤中占3/24,在恶性肿瘤中占20/26;Ⅰb型在良性肿瘤中占14/24,在恶性肿瘤中占3/26;Ⅰc型在恶性肿瘤中占3/26.Ⅱ型TIC在良性肿瘤中占7/24.在DWI上用ADC值、PWI上用FP期最大信号强度丢失率作诊断,诊断符合率分别为84.0%(42/50)和82.0%(41/50),两者的差异无统计学意义(x2=0.8,P>0.05);AUC测得的准确度分别为81.7%和83.6%,PWI诊断恶性软组织肿瘤的敏感度高.结论 以DWI和PWI的ADC值、FP期信号强度丢失率分别为1.866×10-3mm2/s和40.33%为阈值时,均有利于软组织肿瘤良、恶性的鉴别;TIC最大线性斜率对于软组织肿瘤良、恶性的鉴别意义不大;软组织肿瘤的TIC形态有助于肿瘤良、恶性的鉴别.DWI和PWI用于诊断恶性软组织肿瘤的准确性均为中等,在DWI与PWI用于诊断恶性软组织肿瘤的准确性相近时,应选择诊断敏感度较高的PWI.     

MRI,MDCT features,and clinical outcome of extremity leiomyosarcomas: experience in 47 patients

Objective

To describe MRI, MDCT features, and clinical outcome of extremity leiomyosarcomas (LMS).

Materials and Methods

In this IRB-approved, HIPAA-compliant retrospective study, we included 47 patients (23 women, 24 men; mean age: 55.3 years, range: 17–85 years) with pathologically confirmed extremity LMS seen at our adult tertiary cancer center between 2000 and 2012. MRI/MDCT of primary tumors in 23 patients and follow-up in all patients were reviewed by two radiologists in consensus. Clinical data were extracted from electronic medical records.

Results

Primary tumors were distributed in bones (6 out of 47), deep soft tissues (24 out of 47), and superficial soft tissues (17 out of 47). On imaging (bone?=?4, deep soft tissue = 11, superficial soft tissue?=?8), compared with skeletal muscle, they were T1 iso-hypointense and T2 hyperintense. Bone LMS were metaphyseal tumors with cortical destruction (3 out of 4). Deep soft-tissue LMS were large with hemorrhage (7 out of 11) and necrosis (10 out of 11). Superficial soft-tissue LMS were relatively smaller, homogeneously enhancing (6 out of 8) tumors. Distant metastases developed in 32 out of 47 patients (bone LMS [6 out of 6], deep soft-tissue LMS [18 out of 24], superficial soft-tissue LMS [8 out of 17]), commonly to lung (29 out of 47) and bone (14 out of 47). At the time of writing, 22 out of 36 patients (bone LMS [4 out of 6], deep soft-tissue LMS [15 out of 24], superficial soft-tissue LMS [4 out of 17]) have died. There was no statistically significant correlation between metastatic disease and tumor size or grade.

Conclusion

Extremity LMS arise in bones and in the deep and superficial soft tissues, frequently metastasize to the lungs, and have a poor prognosis. Superficial LMS tend to have a better prognosis than bone or deep soft-tissue LMS.     

跟骨恶性肿瘤的影像诊断

目的总结跟骨恶性肿瘤的病理类型和影像特点,提高跟骨恶性肿瘤影像学诊断正确率。方法经手术病理证实的跟骨恶性肿瘤27例,全部患者均行X线摄片检查;CT检查20例,其中12例行增强扫描;MRI平扫+增强扫描18例,其中16行DWI检查。将全部影像检查资料进行回顾性分析。结果骨肉瘤8例,软骨肉瘤5例,纤维肉瘤及淋巴瘤和恶性骨巨细胞瘤各3例,尤文氏肉瘤和浆细胞瘤各2例,转移瘤1例。影像学表现为跟骨骨质破坏、瘤骨形成、骨膜异常、钙化、病理骨折及软组织肿块。结论(1)跟骨恶性肿瘤中骨肉瘤最常见。(2)跟骨恶性肿瘤影像学表现中以骨质破坏为主,瘤骨形成及骨膜异常、软组织肿块程度轻。(3)跟骨恶性肿瘤中,病理骨折多见且发生早,易合并出血。(4)跟骨恶性肿瘤的增强扫描中,跟骨内肿块与跟骨外软组织肿块强化程度一致。     

扩散张量成像技术及各指标的初步应用与评价

目的　探讨正常脑组织及脑肿瘤的扩散张量 (DTI)成像技术及各种评价指标的变化规律及临床应用价值。方法　 10例正常志愿者和 19例脑肿瘤患者进行常规MRI和DTI扫描并重建参数图 ,测量正常志愿者脑组织各主要白质束和神经核团的部分各向异性值 (FA)、各向同性值 (Iso)、衰减指数值 (ExAt)和容积比异向性值 (VrA) ,肿瘤患者测量受累白质束及对侧正常白质束的上述各参数 ,取值并进行统计学分析 ,包括配对t检验 ,相关性分析及方差分析。结果　DTI图上 ,正常脑组织FA、Iso、ExAt、VrA值按组织结构呈规律分布 ;脑肿瘤病例则清楚显示肿瘤对周围结构的破坏、占位效应及水肿所致的改变。各指标中 ,患、健侧间差异有显著性意义 (FA组 :t=9 12 5 ,P <0 0 0 1;Iso组 :t= 5 5 37,P <0 0 0 1;ExAt组 :t=7 16 8,P <0 0 0 1;Vra组 :t=7 12 8,P <0 0 0 1) ,FA与VrA的患侧测量值之间相关性较高 (r=0 92 2 ,P <0 0 0 1) ,其他各指标间无显著相关性 ,单因素方差分析 4种指标变化幅度 [|(患侧 -健侧 ) |/健侧 ) ]的差异具有显著性意义 (F =2 0 4 30 ,P <0 0 0 1) ,FisherLSD检验显示Vra的变化幅度与另 3种指标间差异有显著性意义 (P <0 0 0 1)。另外 ,FA与Iso比较 ,P =0 0 0 6 ,其他无显著性意义。结论　DTI能清楚     

Effective detection of the tumors causing osteomalacia using [Tc-99m]-HYNIC-octreotide (99mTc-HYNIC-TOC) whole body scan

Purpose

Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) is an endocrine disorder caused by tumors producing excessive fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23). The causative tumors are generally small, slow-growing benign mesenchymal tumors. The only cure of the disease depends on resection of the tumors, which are extremely difficult to localize due to their small sizes and rare locations. Since these tumors are known to express somatostatin receptors, this research was undertaken to evaluate efficacy of [Tc-99m]-HYNIC-octreotide (99mTc-HYNIC-TOC) whole body imaging in this clinical setting

Methods

Images of 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC scans and clinical chart from 183 patients with hypophosphatemia and clinically suspected TIO were retrospectively reviewed. The scan findings were compared to the results of histopathological examinations and clinical follow-ups.

Results

Among 183 patients, 72 were confirmed to have TIO while 103 patients were found to have other causes of hypophosphatemia. The possibility of TIO could not be either diagnosed or excluded in the remaining 8 patients. For analytical purposes, these 8 patients who could neither be diagnosed nor excluded as having TIO were regarded as having the disease, bringing the total of TIO patients to 80. The 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC scan identified 69 tumors in 80 patients with TIO, which rendered a sensitivity of 86.3% (69/80). 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC scintigraphy excluded 102 patients without TIO with a specificity of 99.1% (102/103). The overall accuracy of 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC whole body scan in the localization of tumors responsible for osteomalacia is 93.4% (171/183).

Conclusions

Whole body 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC imaging is effective in the localization of occult tumors causing TIO.     

单、双指数模型DWI与PET-CT在肺孤立性病变诊断效能的对比研究

目的探讨单、双指数模型DWI及18F-脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)PET-CT对肺孤立性病变(SPLs)良、恶性鉴别的诊断效能。方法搜集经病理证实的36例SPLs(恶性肿瘤26例,良性病变10例),术前均行胸部多b值DWI(b=0、5、10、15、20、25、50、80、150、300、600、800及1000 s/mm2)及18F-FDG PET-CT扫描。所有病灶的MRI原始图像根据单、双指数模型测量得到的参数包括ADC total值、D值、D star值、f值及PET-CT最大标准化摄取值(SUVmax)。应用Mann-Whitney U检验比较SPLs良、恶性之间各参数的差异,同时应用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析进一步评估其诊断效能。结果恶性肿瘤ADC total值、D值、f值及D star值分别为(1.01±0.21)×10^-3mm^2/s、(1.01±0.25)×10^-3mm^2/s、(17±12)%及(44.6±28.0)×10^-3mm^2/s,而良性病变对应参数分别为(1.31±0.23)×10^-3mm^2/s、(1.28±0.30)×10^-3mm^2/s、(22±10)%及(41.0±23.2)×10^-3mm^2/s,其中参数ADC total值、D值及f值在两组间的差异有统计学意义(Z=-3.285、-2.861和-2.420,P<0.05)。恶性肿瘤与良性病变的SUVmax值分别为(13.27±5.77)和(5.77±4.08),两组间的差异有统计学意义(Z=-3.056,P<0.05)。SUVmax、ADC total值、D值及f值四个参数的AUC分别为0.833、0.860、0.815和0.765,对应敏感性分别为96.15%、65.38%、69.23%和57.69%,特异性分别为70%、100%、90%和100%。结论单、双指数模型DWI的参数ADC total值、D值及f值在SPLs中都具有较好的诊断价值,其中ADC total值与D值的诊断效能较高,与SUVmax相当。     

Postradiation sarcomas of the pelvis after treatment for uterine cervical cancer: review of the CT and MR findings of five cases

Objective. To characterize the radiologic features of postradiation sarcomas arising in the pelvic bones following treatment for uterine cervical carcinoma. Design and patients. Five patients who developed postradiation sarcomas in the pelvic bones following radiation therapy for carcinoma of the uterine cervix within the irradiated field were evaluated. Pelvic radiographs, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging were undertaken in all patients. Histologic confirmation of the tumor type was obtained. Results. Three patients whose tumors were characterized as an osteosarcoma, an angiosarcoma and a malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) showed a large round or oval mass mainly in the sacroiliac joint which extended into the posterior gluteal soft tissues. In a fourth patient an osteosarcoma developed in the central ilium extending widely into the soft tissues both anteriorly and posteriorly, with calcified areas within the extraosseous mass. The fifth patient had a MFH which showed osteolytic destruction of the cortex of the acetabulum, and minimal soft tissue extension. There were no specific features or signal intensity changes on MR imaging to differentiate these cases from primary sarcomas. Conclusion. Postradiation sarcoma must be considered in patients with uterine carcinoma when a soft tissue mass is seen in the previously irradiated field, especially if the mass is posterior to the sacroiliac joint and the latent period is more than 5 years. Received: 3 May 2000 Revision requested: 14 July 2000 Revision received: 28 July 2000 Accepted: 20 November 2000     

Weichteilsarkome des Kopf-Hals-Bereichs beim Erwachsenen

Purpose

To analyse the experience treating soft tissue sarcomas of the head and neck at the Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Detailed results have been published previously [17].

Patients and Method

Between 1972 and 1993, 57 patients were treated curatively with radiation alone (n=13) or combined surgery and pre- and/or postoperative irradiation (n=44). Gross complete resection was achieved in 82% of patients and margins were negative in 5 patients. Doses ranged from 36.0 to 79.2 Gy (median 64.8 Gy), usually conventionally fractionated. In 16 patients protons were used. Median follow-up time was 4.3 years (range 1.1 to 16.8 years).

Results

After 5 years, patients with angiosarcomas (n=11) and patients with other tumor, types (n=46) had locoregional control rates of 24% and 69%, distant failure rates of 58% and 17%, and overall survival rates of 31% and 74%, respectively (p<0.01). In the group without angiosarcomas, prognostic factors were tumor grade (for overall survival) and T stage (for locoregional control) (p<0.05). Particularly, gross completely resected T1 tumors had a locoregional control rate of 91%. Patients with locoregional recurrence were at increased risk to die (p=0.004 in multivariate analysis). Patients with and without direct tumor extension to neurovascular structures, bones, organs, or skin had distant failure rates of 27% and 0%, respectively (p=0.031). In multivariate analysis, direct extension was additionally a negative prognosticator of overall survival (p=0.034).

Conclusion

1. Angiosarcomas of the head and neck have a considerably poorer prognosis than other soft tissue sarcomas of this region. 2. Head and neck sarcomas have a higher local recurrence rate than for example soft tissue sarcomas of the extremities. Optimisation of local treatment through combination of surgery and high-dose irradiation, however, can achieve improved results, especially for prognostically favourable subgroups. 3. In addition to tumor grade and size, direct tumor extension may be a useful additional staging parameter.     

Intraoperative Radiotherapy of Soft Tissue Sarcoma of the Extremity

PURPOSE: Evaluation of treatment outcome after intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) +/- external-beam irradiation (EBRT) in patients with localized soft tissue sarcoma of the extremity at high risk for local recurrence after limb-sparing surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 28 patients treated between 1989 and 1999 were evaluated retrospectively. Patients presented with locally recurrent (n = 17), T2 (n = 20), high-grade (n = 26), or incompletely resected tumors (n = 11). All patients underwent limbsparing surgery and IORT (median dose of 15 Gy) given either with high-dose-rate brachytherapy or a linear accelerator. 25 patients received additional EBRT with a mean of 50.6 Gy (range: 30.6-60 Gy). The mean follow-up time was 4.3 years (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.0-5.6 years). RESULTS: The 5-year overall and distant disease-free survival rates were 66% and 54%, respectively. The overall actuarial recurrence rate after 5 years is 16% (95% CI: 1%, 31%). The crude rate after 8 years is 18%. Surgical margin status, primary versus recurrent tumor and tumor stage did not show any statistically significant influence (univariate analysis) on local recurrence rates. Patients with T1 tumors exhibited a borderline significant (p = 0.053) better distant disease-free survival (83%) compared to T2 tumors (43%). Five (24%) grade 3-4 late side effects were observed. CONCLUSION: In patients with high-risk soft tissue sarcomas, IORT +/- EBRT after limb-preserving surgery achieves high local control rates. The risk of normal tissue toxicities is comparable to conventional limb-sparing treatment.