腹主动脉球囊阻断术在凶险性前置胎盘剖宫产术中的应用效果

目的分析腹主动脉球囊阻断术在凶险性前置胎盘剖宫产术中的应用效果。方法选取2014-06-2018-06间本院收治的42例凶险性前置胎盘患者作为研究对象。将2016-06-2018-06间收治的22例凶险性前置胎盘患者作为A组,剖宫产术前行腹主动脉阻断球囊阻断术(术前腹主动脉球囊预置、术中暂时阻断腹主动脉血流);将2014-06-2016-05间收治的20例患者作为B组,剖宫产术前不预置腹主动脉球囊。比较2组手术时间、术中出血量、术后子宫切除率、ICU转入率及新生儿Apgar评分、出生体质量。结果 A组产妇手术时间短于B组、术中出血量少于B组、术后子宫切除率及ICU转入率均低于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组新生儿出生1 min后Apgar评分及新生儿出生体质量和新生儿窒息发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论腹主动脉球囊阻断术应用于凶险性前置胎盘剖宫产术中,可有效控制术中出血量,降低子宫切除的风险。     

开放与腔内腹主动脉暂时阻断在凶险性前置胎盘合并胎盘植入剖宫产手术中的应用比较

目的：比较腹主动脉暂时阻断（TAL）与腹主动脉球囊阻断（LABO）在凶险性前置胎盘合并胎盘植入剖宫产手术中的预防出血的优劣。 方法：回顾2016年1月—2018年7月在湖南省妇幼保健院住院分娩的84例凶险性前置胎盘合并胎盘植入患者资料,其中48例采用开放TAL止血,36例采用LABO止血。比较两组患者术前情况、手术相关指标、手术后及新生儿情况等各项参数。 结果：两组患者的年龄、孕产次、分娩间隔时间、分娩孕周、术前胎盘超声评分差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）;两组患者剖宫产手术时间、术中出血量、输浓缩红细胞量、子宫切除率差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）;两组患者在新生儿Apgar评分、新生儿体质量、术后住院时间差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）,TAL组剖宫产术后血管并发症发生率明显低于LABO组、住院费用明显少于LABO组（19.4% vs. 0;40 278 元 vs. 29 100元,均P<0.05）。 结论：在凶险性前置胎盘合并胎盘植入剖宫产手术中,TAL与LABO止血效果及子宫切除率相似,但前者更安全、经济,并发症少,值得推广。     

彩超引导下床旁腹主动脉球囊阻断在凶险性前置胎盘并胎盘植入剖宫产术的应用价值

目的分析对凶险型前置胎盘并胎盘植入产妇实施剖宫产术时,应用彩超引导下床旁腹主动脉球囊阻断术的临床价值。方法 2016-05—2018-10间,我院在对凶险型前置胎盘合并胎盘植入的75例产妇实施剖宫产术时,行床旁彩超引导下腹主动脉球囊阻断术。观察宫产术的术中及术后出血量、手术时间及相关并发症。结果 75例(100.0%)产妇均在彩超引导下成功放置腹主动脉球囊,其中72例(96.0%)实施球囊阻断后顺利完成剖宫产手术。手术时间(80.17±25.36)min,术中、术后出血量为(1 465.86±785.73)mL。未发生腹主动脉破裂、下肢及肾脏缺血-再灌注损伤等与介入有关的并发症。剖宫产手术结束后,顺利取出球囊。2例(2.6%)术后实施子宫动脉栓塞止血,1例(1.3%)术中切除子宫。结论彩超引导下床旁腹主动脉球囊阻断术用于凶险性前置胎盘并胎盘植入产妇的剖宫产,安全、简便、易行;而且无X线辐射及不受碘剂过敏所限,易于在临床普及开展。     

腹主动脉球囊阻断应用于植入型凶险型前置胎盘剖宫产中的效果

目的 探讨腹主动脉球囊阻断在植入型凶险型前置胎盘产妇剖宫产术中的临床应用效果。方法 回顾性分析18例接受腹主动脉球囊阻断联合剖宫产手术的植入型凶险型前置胎盘产妇的临床资料。记录术中出血量、输血量、球囊阻断有效率、总阻断时间、子宫切除情况及并发症等。结果 18例产妇均成功行腹主动脉球囊阻断辅助剖宫产术,技术成功率为100%（18/18）。剖宫产术中平均出血量为（1 276.11±761.59）ml,平均输入悬浮少白红细胞（2.86±1.51）U,无一例因出血而死亡。球囊阻断有效率100%（18/18）,球囊有效阻断时间（24.06±26.19）min。4例（4/18,22.22%）产妇在胎儿娩出后行子宫切除术,均由于胎盘植入严重,甚至广泛侵犯宫颈、膀胱、肠道。剖宫产前后产妇均未出现与球囊阻断、介入栓塞相关的严重并发症。结论 对于凶险型前置胎盘产妇,腹主动脉球囊可以有效阻断血流,减少剖宫产术中出血量、输血量,降低子宫切除率及手术风险。     

超声引导腹主动脉下段球囊阻断在凶险性前置胎盘剖宫产术中的应用

目的探讨超声引导腹主动脉下段球囊阻断在凶险性前置胎盘剖宫产术中的应用效果。方法 2017年1月～2018年12月对25例凶险性前置胎盘产妇采用超声引导腹主动脉下段球囊阻断术控制剖宫产术中出血。术前由血管外科医师在超声引导下将球囊放置于髂动脉分叉上方腹主动脉,术中胎儿娩出后立即充盈球囊阻断腹主动脉,再行胎盘剥离及胎盘剥离面缝合。记录产妇术中球囊阻断时间、手术时间、术中总出血量、输血量、是否保留子宫、新生儿Apgar评分、住院时间及并发症情况。结果 25例产妇均成功置入球囊导管并完成手术,术中球囊阻断时间平均(16.5±9.3)min,手术时间平均(62.7±14.5)min,出血量平均(528±203)ml,住院时间平均(7.2±2.4)d。4例(16%)予输血,平均输血量(220±138)ml; 1例(4%)出血1 500 ml行子宫切除。新生儿Apgar评分:1 min为(8.9±0.5)分, 5 min为(9.6±0.2)分。无产妇及胎儿死亡,均未发生下肢动脉血栓、神经损伤、盆腔感染等并发症。结论凶险性前置胎盘产妇行剖宫产术中采用超声引导下腹主动脉下段球囊阻断术可有效控制术中出血,降低子宫切除率,避免对胎儿的放射损伤,值得推广应用。     

不透视腹主动脉低位阻断在凶险型前置胎盘剖宫产中的应用

目的探索无X线引导定位球囊置入腹主动脉低位阻断术在凶险性前置胎盘(PPP)剖宫产术中的应用价值。方法对术前诊断为PPP、不愿X射线照射的14例孕妇及1例术中发生大出血的孕妇,利用解剖标志和手法定位将球囊置入腹主动脉行低位阻断术。结果15例腹主动脉低位阻断术均成功,14例术前置入球囊者,术中出血量为200~900ml,平均(670±247)ml,术后仅1例因术前贫血伴出血者接受输血,7例行子宫动脉栓塞术;均未切除子宫;另1例术中大出血后紧急抢救置入球囊者顺利完成次全子宫切除术。全部病例均无并发症发生。结论无X线引导定位实施球囊置入行腹主动脉低位阻断对手术的顺利实施有一定价值。     

子宫动脉栓塞术治疗凶险性前置胎盘伴胎盘植入临床分析

目的探讨子宫动脉栓塞术治疗凶险性前置胎盘伴胎盘植入的临床效果。方法选取48例凶险性前置胎盘伴胎盘植入患者,根据治疗方法不同分为2组。观察组(30例)行子宫动脉栓塞术治疗,对照组(18例)实施缩宫素、纱布或明胶海绵填塞及按摩子宫等常规止血措施。比较2组的治疗效果。结果 2组患者产后出血量及产褥感染率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。但观察组术中出血量、子宫切除率均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论子宫动脉栓塞术治疗凶险性前置胎盘伴胎盘植入,可显著控制术中出血量,降低子宫切除率,效果确切。     

子宫双切口在凶险性前置胎盘剖宫产术中的应用

目的探讨子宫双切口在凶险性前置胎盘剖宫产术中的应用效果。方法 2014年6月～2018年6月对凶险性前置胎盘(Ⅱ、Ⅲ型)行剖宫产术的43例患者,术前均行髂内动脉球囊置入+双侧输尿管支架置入,其中18例(为研究组)采用子宫双切口行胎儿娩出和胎盘取出;25例(为对照组)经单一切口行剖宫产术娩出胎儿和胎盘。结果研究组手术时间短于对照组,术中出血量及术后24 h出血量均少于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。研究组无一例行子宫切除、子宫动脉栓塞及转ICU;对照组7例出血凶猛而行全子宫切除术,3例术后仍有少量活动性出血行子宫动脉栓塞术成功止血,6例转ICU。研究组子宫切除率及转ICU率均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。所有患者均痊愈出院,无一例发生晚期产后出血,产后42 d复查子宫彩超未见异常。结论凶险性前置胎盘患者行髂内动脉球囊封堵后,经子宫双切口行剖宫产术娩出胎儿和胎盘,能够快速有效地止血,减少围术期出血量,降低子宫切除率。     

腹主动脉预置球囊阻断联合剖宫产术治疗凶险型前置胎盘的手术配合

目的总结"一站式"杂交腹主动脉预置球囊阻断联合剖宫产术治疗凶险型植入型前置胎盘的术中护理经验,以提高手术成功率。方法对12例凶险型植入型前置胎盘患者行腹主动脉预置球囊阻断联合剖宫产术,规范术前准备,制定术中配合流程及应急预案,掌握术中配合要点等。结果 12例患者手术顺利,术中无并发症发生。手术时间85~150(112.5±23.2)min。除1例因胎盘大面积植入子宫壁行子宫全切除外,余11例成功保留子宫。10例术中出血600 mL,未使用血制品;2例出血量1 000mL,输入红细胞4U、血浆400mL。结论凶险型植入型前置胎盘术中大出血的发生风险高,充分的术前准备、准确的手术配合可以缩短手术时间,为孕妇及胎儿争取抢救时间,是手术成功的关键。     

Fogarty取栓球囊与普通扩张球囊用于凶险性前置胎盘剖宫产术中阻断髂内动脉

目的对比Fogarty取栓球囊与普通扩张球囊用于凶险性前置胎盘(PPP)剖宫产术中阻断髂内动脉的价值。方法回顾性分析57例PPP产妇,依据剖宫产术中阻断髂内动脉所用球囊将其分为2组,A组(n=27)采用Fogarty取栓球囊,B组(n=30)采用经皮腔内血管成形术(PTA)所用普通扩张球囊(PTA球囊)。剖宫产前将球囊预置在双侧髂内动脉内,胎儿娩出后充盈球囊。胎盘完全剥离后,根据术中出血量决定是否立即排空球囊。根据病情,必要时加行DSA引导下子宫动脉栓塞术、子宫切除术或转入重症监护室(ICU)治疗。评价临床结局,分为良好(剖宫产后顺利出院)和不佳(合并术后并发症、接受子宫动脉栓塞术或子宫切除术、转入ICU)。通过统计学分析比较2组在剖宫产手术时间、术中出血量、是否输血、输血量、是否行子宫动脉栓塞、住院时间及临床结局方面的差异。结果 A组剖宫产手术时间明显短于B组[(72.37±17.39)min vs (86.93±27.79)min,t=-2.40,P=0.02],输血患者占比低于B组[44.44%(12/27) vs 73.33%(22/30),χ~2=4.93,P=0.03]且术中出血量[500(300)ml vs 700(150)ml,U=190,P0.01]及输血量[0(400)ml vs 400(800)ml,U=249,P=0.01]均少于B组。2组间在是否接受子宫动脉栓塞(χ~2=1.52,P=0.22)、住院时间(t=-0.12,P=0.91)及产妇临床结局(χ~2=1.38,P=0.24)方面差异均无统计学意义。结论与PTA球囊相比,Fogarty取栓球囊用于PPP剖宫产术中阻断髂内动脉的效果更优,有利于减少术中出血及缩短手术时间。     

双侧子宫动脉预留导管栓塞在凶险性前置胎盘伴胎盘植入中的应用

目的探讨双侧子宫动脉预留导管产后行子宫动脉栓塞术在凶险性前置胎盘伴胎盘植入剖宫产术中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析16例接受剖宫产联合双侧子宫动脉预置导管栓塞治疗的凶险性前置胎盘伴胎盘植入产妇的资料。记录术中出血量、输血量、子宫切除情况、透视时间、辐射剂量、并发症及新生儿情况。结果剖宫产联合双侧子宫动脉栓塞术的技术成功率为93.75%(15/16)。术中平均出血量(1 575.00±1 040.83)ml,平均输血量为(3.44±2.34)U悬浮少白细胞红细胞。胎儿娩出前平均透视时间(0.89±0.24)min,平均辐射剂量(7.17±2.12)mGy。1例新生儿出生后重度窒息,其余15名新生儿出生后5min Apgar评分为(9.38±0.89)分。1例产妇因术后因再次活动性出血并发弥漫性血管内凝血而行全子宫切除术。2例产妇术后感臀部疼痛。结论双侧子宫动脉预留导管产后行子宫动脉栓塞术可用于凶险性前置胎盘伴胎盘植入的治疗,有利于减少剖宫产术中出血及输血量,降低子宫切除的风险,且辐射剂量较低、术后并发症较少。     

Prophylactic abdominal aorta balloon occlusion during caesarean section: a retrospective case series

BackgroundThe management of patients with morbidly adherent placenta has been described using vascular balloon catheters placed in the iliac arteries, but rarely in the aorta. This case series presents our experience with prophylactic lower abdominal aorta balloon occlusion in 45 women.MethodsThe records of patients in our centre who underwent caesarean section between May 2013 and June 2014 were retrospectively analysed for the use of prophylactic lower abdominal aorta balloon occlusion.ResultsForty-five cases were identified. All patients had a morbidly adherent placenta, including placenta accreta (n=22), placenta increta (n=20) and placenta percreta (n=3). A subtotal hysterectomy was performed in four cases. Eleven of the 45 patients received red blood cell transfusion of a mean of 1.7 units. Mean preoperative and postoperative haemoglobin concentrations were 10.1 g/dL and 9.4 g/dL, respectively. Mean estimated blood loss was 835 mL [range 200–6000 mL]. The incidence of complications was 4.4% (2/45), including one case of lower extremity arterial thrombosis and one case of ischaemic injury to the femoral nerve. Follow up at one year was completed in 22 patients at which time all babies were well.ConclusionsProphylactic lower abdominal aorta balloon occlusion has the potential to reduce intraoperative blood loss, transfusion and hysterectomy rate in patients with morbidly adherent placenta undergoing caesarean section. Careful patient selection is critical as the technique may be associated with potentially serious complications.     

胎盘植入患者剖宫产术前腹主动脉球囊预置阻断术的疗效

目的探讨对胎盘植入患者剖宫产术前行腹主动脉球囊预置阻断术的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析23例剖宫产术前接受腹主动脉球囊预置阻断术的患者资料,评价治疗效果。结果 23例平均术中出血1300ml,平均术后24h阴道流血80ml。18例患者成功保留子宫;4例穿透性胎盘植入出现难治性出血接受子宫切除术,1例因胎盘穿透至膀胱接受子宫切除、膀胱修补、输尿管再植术。23例产后均未发生感染、晚期产后出血、下肢血栓等并发症。1胎为无生机儿,余22胎顺利出生。1例新生儿因严重缺氧、脑出血死亡。21名存活新生儿出生后42天门诊随访检查均未见异常。结论腹主动脉球囊预置阻断术出血量少,有助于保留子宫,是胎盘植入患者剖宫产术前安全有效的治疗方法。     

Use of temporary aortic balloon occlusion of the abdominal aorta was useful during cesarean hysterectomy for placenta accreta

We describe the use of an abdominal aortic occlusion balloon catheter to control excessive blood loss at cesarean hysterectomy for placenta accreta. Prophylactic abdominal aortic occlusion balloon catheter was placed in the angiography suite under local anesthesia before surgery. The 38-year-old parturient was anesthetized with propofol, sevoflurane, ketamine, remifentanil and fentanyl under close monitoring and appropriate respiratory management. The occlusion balloon was inflated after the infant had been delivered, and bleeding at the placenta required cesarean hysterectomy. There was a sudden and dramatic reduction in blood loss, and hysterectomy was performed uneventfully. An aortic occlusion was sustained for 25 min. Intraoperative blood loss was 1,800 g, and 300 g of autologous blood and 4 units of red cell concentrates were transfused. The postoperative course was uneventful. The present case suggests that prophylactic insertion of an aortic occlusion balloon catheter seems to be a safe and an effective method in controlling anticipated bleeding for caesarean hysterectomy in a parturient with placenta accreta.     

Outcomes of prospectively-collected consecutive cases of antenatal-suspected placenta accreta

BackgroundAccurate diagnosis of placenta accreta is tentative before surgery. This study developed a predictive score for antenatal diagnosis of placenta accreta through mathematical modeling using clinical signs.MethodsAntenatal cases of suspected placenta accreta were collected prospectively in a single-site tertiary delivery center. Women with clinical signs of placenta accreta (placenta previa, number of previous cesarean deliveries and/or ultrasound suspicion of placenta accreta) were included. The diagnosis of accreta was confirmed surgically. The primary endpoint was the proportion of surgically-diagnosed placenta accreta among all suspected cases. Logistic regression modeling was performed to assess preoperative risk factors for placenta accreta. The risk score was tested on a receiver operator characteristic curve to identify subjects with placenta accreta and the optimum cut-point was chosen.ResultsOver nine years, 92 suspected accreta cases were identified from 46 623 deliveries (0.2%). The diagnosis was confirmed at surgery in 52/92 cases (56%) and there were no maternal deaths. Blood transfusion requirements were greater in patients with placenta accreta versus patients without placenta accreta (median 7 [range 0–25, interquartile range 3–10] versus 0 [0–6, 0–2] units of blood, P <0.0001). Area under the curve of the receiver operator characteristic curve was 0.846, with contribution from three variables (placenta previa, number of previous cesarean deliveries and ultrasound suspicion), each with a P value <0.05. From the ROC curve a cut-point with 100% sensitivity and specificity 25% (95% CI 12.69%–41.20%) was achieved, compared with 86.6% sensitivity (95% CI 74.21%–94.41%) and 60.0% specificity (95% CI 43.33%–75.14%) using ultrasound alone.ConclusionsCombining diagnostic features associated with placenta accreta through mathematical modeling has better positive predictive value than ultrasound alone.     

Thrombosis after aortic balloon occlusion during cesarean delivery for abnormally invasive placenta

BackgroundAbnormally invasive placenta is a major cause of postpartum hemorrhage and cesarean hysterectomy. An increasing number of obstetricians worldwide employ prophylactic aortic balloon occlusion to manage bleeding during cesarean delivery in these patients. However, the safety of this procedure in pregnant women has not been confirmed.MethodsThe clinical records of patients who were suspected of having abnormally invasive placenta and who received prophylactic aortic balloon catheterization before cesarean delivery were retrospectively studied for thrombotic complications.ResultsThere were 121 patients with suspected abnormally invasive placenta who received prophylactic aortic balloon catheterization before surgery and 115 had the balloon inflated during surgery. Twelve of these 121 patients (10%) developed thrombotic complications. Except for one case of venous thrombosis, all other patients exhibited arterial thrombosis in the limbs on the catheterization side and 11 cases (92%) of thrombosis were discovered within 24 hours of delivery. Eventually, eight patients received arterial thromboembolectomy, and four patients received conservative anticoagulation treatment.ConclusionAortic balloon occlusion for the management of bleeding in women with an abnormally invasive placenta may not uncommonly result in thrombosis. Therefore, the risks and benefits of the procedure must be carefully weighed before it is utilized in these patients.     

超声诊断孕早中期胎盘植入

目的观察孕早中期超声诊断胎盘植入的价值。方法回顾性分析经引产手术证实的10例孕早中期胎盘植入的临床资料,观察孕早中期胎盘植入的超声声像图特点。结果 10例中,9例有剖宫产手术史。术前超声诊断胎盘植入6例,主要表现为胎盘低置,胎盘与子宫肌层间界限不清,胎盘后血流信号丰富、肌层变薄。术前超声漏诊4例。引产后48h复查超声,10例均见宫内胎盘植入残留表现。结论胎盘与子宫肌层间界限不清、胎盘后血流信号丰富及肌层变薄等二维超声图像特点对诊断孕早中期胎盘植入具有高度临床价值。     

Ureter injury in obstetric hysterectomy with placenta accreta spectrum: Case report

Introduction and importancePlacenta accreta spectrum (PAS) is a state of abnormal attachment of the placenta, including placenta accreta, placenta increta, and placenta percreta. This condition can be life-threatening due to the placenta cannot spontaneously separated, resulting in continuous bleeding. Cesarean section followed by hysterectomy is one of the treatment options for PAS. There was a great liability for urinary tract injuries during the operation of PAS patient.Case presentationWe present the case of ureter injury during subtotal hysterectomy in patient with PAS. A 30-years-old female patient was diagnosed with recurrent antepartum hemorrhage due to placenta previa accreta spectrum on G2P1 33 weeks of gestational age, singleton live breech presentation, previous c-section 1×. After uterine transverse incision, the baby was delivered. We decided to perform subtotal hysterectomy. There was severe adhesion. On the exploration after subtotal hysterectomy was performed, we found ruptured of the right ureter.Clinical discussionHysterectomy peripartum is one of the treatment of PAS, either to prevent or to control postpartum hemorrhage. In pregnant women with morbid placental adherence, there was a great liability for urinary tract injuries. Distal ureters are the most commonly injured while hysterectomy. Injuries to the ureters in this patient occurred due to severe adhesions and unclear visual organ.ConclusionAlthough it is rare, ureter injury may occur during subtotal hysterectomy in patient with placenta accreta spectrum. To prevent that condition, inserting ureter stent can be perform before the operation. Multidisciplinary approach is carried out so that patient outcomes are good.