基质金属蛋白酶2、血管内皮生长因子在胆囊癌中的表达及与患者预后的关系

目的 探讨基质金属蛋白酶2(MMP2)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)在胆囊癌中的表达及与患者预后的关系.方法 取96例胆囊癌患者的胆囊癌组织和96例胆囊息肉患者的胆囊息肉组织,酶联免疫吸附测定检测胆囊癌和胆囊息肉患者MMP2、VEGF、VEGFC受体VEGFR3(Flt4)水平;免疫组化法检测胆囊癌组织和胆囊息肉组织中MMP2、VEGF蛋白的表达情况,分析MMP2、VEGF蛋白表达情况与胆囊癌患者临床特征及随访3年生存情况的关系.结果 术后1周,两组患者血清MMP2、VEGF、Flt4水平均明显低于本组术前1天,且观察组患者血清MMP2、VEGF、Flt4水平均明显高于对照组患者,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01).胆囊癌组织中MMP2蛋白的阳性表达率为64.58％,明显高于胆囊息肉组织的35.42％,VEGF蛋白的阳性表达率为42.71％,明显高于胆囊息肉组织的0％,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01).随着浸润深度的加深,胆囊癌患者胆囊癌组织中MMP2、VEGF蛋白阳性表达率逐渐升高,TNM分期为Ⅲ～Ⅳ期、有淋巴结转移、分化程度为低分化胆囊癌患者胆囊癌组织中MMP2、VEGF蛋白阳性表达率均高于TNM分期Ⅰ～Ⅱ期、无淋巴结转移和分化程度为中高分化的患者,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05).随访3年,MMP2阳性表达胆囊癌患者3年生存率为64.52％,低于阴性表达患者的88.24％,VEGF阳性表达胆囊癌患者3年生存率为51.22％,低于VEGF阴性表达患者的96.36％,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05).结论 胆囊癌患者血清MMP2、VEGF水平较高,且MMP2、VEGF蛋白的表达情况对胆囊癌患者的预后有一定的预测价值,其阳性表达患者预后较差.     

VEGF与MMP-9在喉癌组织中的表达及其与血管生成的关系

目的　探讨血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF)与基质金属蛋白酶 -9(MMP -9)在喉癌组织中的表达及其与肿瘤血管生成的关系。方法　采用免疫组织化学方法 ,检测 42例喉癌组织中VEGF与MMP -9表达及肿瘤微血管计数 (MVC)。结果　VEGF阳性表达者MVC值 (2 3 .82± 3 .71)显著大于阴性表达者 (19.5 3± 5 .43 ) ,MMP -9阳性表达者MVC值 (2 4.16± 4.0 6)亦显著大于阴性表达者 (2 0 .93± 4.3 2 ) ,VEGF、MMP -9表达与喉癌分化程度、临床分期无关。结论　VEGF与MMP -9在喉癌肿瘤血管生成过程中具有重要作用     

食管癌组织中p53和VEGF的表达及其与肿瘤血管生成的关系

目的探讨p53、血管内皮生长因子 (vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)的表达和肿瘤内微血管密度 (microvessel density,MVD)测定在食管癌中的意义.方法采用免疫组化方法,检测 45例食管癌患者手术切除标本p53、VEGF的表达,并用CD34抗体标记肿瘤组织血管内皮细胞,计算MVD.结果 p53、VEGF总阳性表达率分别为73.3%(33/45)和62.2%(28/45),MVD平均为48±20.p53的表达与临床TNM分期和淋巴结转移相关,MVD和VEGF表达与食管癌的细胞分化程度、浸润深度和临床TNM分期密切相关.p53/VEGF表达均阳性组MVD高于p53/VEGF其一阳性组和p53/VEGF均阴性组,p53、VEGF表达与MVD密切相关,并存在交互作用.p53和VEGF表达符合率为84.4%(38/45),VEGF与p53的表达有相关性(P<0.001).结论 (1)p53、VEGF的表达以及MVD的测定可作为判断食管癌恶性潜能的重要生物学指标.(2)p53、VEGF的表达对肿瘤血管形成可能起重要作用,联合检测p53、VEGF的表达对了解肿瘤血管形成的机制有一定意义.     

基质金属蛋白酶-2、血管内皮生长因子在子宫内膜异位症中的表达及意义

 目的　探讨基质金属蛋白酶 (MMP 2 )和血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF)在子宫内膜异位症发生发展中的作用。方法　应用免疫组织化学法检测 70例异位内膜组织和 30例正常子宫内膜组织 (对照组 )中MMP 2和VEGF的表达。结果　在异位内膜组和对照组中MMP 2的阳性表达率分别为 71.4 3%和 4 0 .0 0 % ,P <0 .0 1;VEGF的阳性表达率分别为 74 .2 8%和 4 3.33% ,P <0 .0 1。结论　异位内膜组织的侵袭力增强及血管生成与MMP 2、VEGF的高表达密切相关 ,MMP 2、VEGF在子宫内膜异位症的发生发展中发挥作用。     

鼻咽癌组织PAR1和VEGF及MMP1表达相关性的探讨

目的:检测PAR1和VEGF及MMP1在鼻咽癌组织中的共表达及意义.方法:免疫组织化学(SP法)检测61例鼻咽癌组织中PAR1与VEGF、MMP1的表达,并比较PAR1与VEGF、MMP1的表达相关性.结果: PAR1、VEGF和MMP1的阳性表达率分别为78.7%(48/61)、59.0%(41/61)和77.0%(47/61).PAR1与VEGF在鼻咽癌中的表达正相关(r=0.319,P=0.013),PAR1与MMP1在鼻咽癌中的表达无明显相关性(r=0.192,P=0.152).结论: PAR1可能协同VEGF参与鼻咽癌的肿瘤血管生存.PAR1在鼻咽癌中的具体作用及详细机制有待进一步深入研究.     

VEGF与MMP-2在胃腺癌组织中的表达及其与肿瘤侵袭转移的相关性研究

 目的　探讨血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF)和基质金属蛋白酶 2 (MMP 2 )在胃癌组织中的表达及其与胃癌侵袭转移的关系。方法　采用S P免疫组化染色法检测了VEGF和MMP 2在 80例胃癌原发灶和 4 0例淋巴结转移灶中的表达。结果　VEGF、MMP 2在胃癌原发灶组织中的阳性表达率分别为96 .2 5 %、86 .2 5 % ,在淋巴结转移灶中分别为 85 .0 0 %、70 .0 0 %。VEGF蛋白表达与肿瘤浸润深度、淋巴结转移关系密切 ,而与肿瘤分化程度无关 ;MMP 2与肿瘤分化、浸润深度、淋巴结转移均有关。结论　VEGF、MMP 2在肿瘤侵袭转移中起重要作用 ,可作为胃癌预后判断的指标。     

Survivin与VEGF在结直肠肿瘤血管形成中的作用

目的 探讨Survivin、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)在结直肠肿瘤血管形成中的作用.方法 对11例增生性息肉、23例低度异型增生腺瘤、20例高度异型增牛腺瘤、29例腺瘤恶变组织和65例腺癌组织使用Survivin多克隆抗体、VEGF和CD34单克隆抗体、标准化的链霉菌抗生物素蛋白-过氧化物酶技术(SP法)对存档组织块切片进行免疫组化染色,并用MIRS-2000图像分析系统分析其阳性率及表达程度,并行微血管密度(MVD)计数.结果 Survivin表达与VEGF表达及MVD密切相关,且呈明显正相关(r均为0.711,P<0.01).MVD与VEGF表达呈明显正相关(r=0.711,P<0.01).Survivin/VEGF双阳性组较阴性/阳性组及双阴性组MVD值显著增高(P均<0.01),同时对于survivin/VEGF阳性/阴性组,其MVD值与双阳性组筹异无统计学意义(P0.05).结论 Survivin与VEGF表达密切相关,二者协同作用促进结直肠肿瘤血管生成;VEGF可能是结直肠癌中Survivin冉表达的原因之一.     

VEGF、COX-2在HBV感染型和非HBV感染型肝细胞癌中的表达差异及意义

目的:探讨血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、环氧合酶-2(COX-2)蛋白表达水平和肿瘤血管形成在肝细胞癌(HCC)中表达的临床病理意义.方法:利用血清学指标检测56例HCC的乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染情况,采用快速免疫组化法检测肝细胞癌中VEGF、COX-2的蛋白表达,抗CD105单克隆抗体显示血管内皮细胞,根据CD105阳性的血管内皮细胞计数测定肿瘤微血管密度(MVD).结果:HBV感染组中VEGF、COX-2蛋白以及MVD的阳性表达率均高于非HBV感染组,有统计学差异(P＜0.05).VEGF和COX-2表达呈正相关(r=0.429,P＜0.05).结论:HBV可能通过上调VEGF、COX-2等血管形成因子上调表达,共同促进了肿瘤血管的生成,从而促进HCC的生长、浸润和转移.     

VEGF、p53、MMP-2在非小细胞肺癌的表达及与肿瘤血管形成和淋巴结转移关系的研究

 目的　研究VEGF、p5 3、MMP 2在非小细胞肺癌 (NSCLC)的表达及与肿瘤血管形成和淋巴结转移的关系。方法　用免疫组化S P法对 95例NSCLC组织VEGF、p5 3、MMP 2及肿瘤内微血管密度(IMVD)进行检测。结果　VEGF、p5 3、MMP 2阳性表达与IMVD和淋巴结转移等相关 (P <0 .0 5 )。 结论　VEGF、P5 3及MMP 2可能均参与了NSCLC的新血管生成并促进肿瘤转移 ,其检测可作为判断NSCLC转移及预后的指标。     

粘附分子CD29和VEGF在胃癌组织中的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨胃癌组织中粘附分子CD29的表达水平及其与血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial grouth factor,VEGF)的关系.方法:选择胃癌患者84例和浅表性胃炎患者48例对CD29和VEGF抗体SP法免疫组化染色.结果:84例胃癌标本中CD29有68例阳性,阳性率为80.9%,48例浅表性胃炎组织中有12例阳性表达,阳性率为25%(P<0.05).胃癌中70例(83.3%)VEGF阳性表达.其中有63例VEGF与CD29共同表达.具显著正相关(P<0.05).CD29的表达与患者的年龄、性别和肿瘤的大小、组织学类型及浸润深度无关.但与肿瘤的淋巴结转移具有显著的相关性(P<0.05).结论:CD29可通过介导VEGF的表达促进肿瘤新生血管的形成,从而进一步促进肿瘤的生长和转移.     

Bacteria and cancer--antagonisms and benefits

There is considerable historical and recent evidence concerning the antagonisms between acute bacterial infections or their toxins and cancer and allied diseases. These data provide renewed incentives to undertake clinical programmes with mixed bacterial vaccines in many countries at the present time.     

VEGF及KDR在大肠腺瘤和腺癌中的表达及意义

目的：探讨VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌中的表达及临床病理特征的关系。方法：大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌组织标本各100例,采用免疫组织化学染色法检测VEGF和KDR在标本中的表达情况。结果：VEGF和KDR在大肠腺癌组中的阳性表达明显高于大肠腺瘤组（P〈0.05）;在正常大肠黏膜均未见VEGF和KDR表达的阳性染色;VEGF阳性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率为70%,显著高于VEGF阴性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率16%,两组比较有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论：大肠腺癌组织中KDR的表达与肿瘤大小、转移情况、浸润深度密切相关;VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤中的表达与患者的年龄、性别及分型均无相关性,而与增生程度相关（P〈0.05）。在大肠腺癌患者中VEGF及KDR表达更高,二者具有协同效应。     

Religiosity and physical and emotional functioning among African American and White colorectal and lung cancer patients

The literature suggests that religiosity helps cope with illness. The present study examined the role of religiosity in functioning among African Americans and Whites with a cancer diagnosis. Patients were recruited from an existing study and mailed a religiosity survey. Participants (N = 269; 36% African American, 56% women) completed the mail survey, and interview data from the larger cohort was utilized in the analysis. Multivariate analyses indicated that in the overall sample religious behaviors were marginally and positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Among women, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Religiosity was not a predictor of study outcomes for men. Among African Americans, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and vitality. Among Whites, religious behaviors were negatively associated with depressive symptoms. These findings suggest a mixed role of religious involvement in cancer outcomes. The current findings may have applied potential in the areas of emotional functioning and depression.     

Genetic polymorphisms of alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases and risk for esophageal and head and neck cancers

Alcoholic beverages are causally related to cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx and esophagus. Ethanol is oxidized to acetaldehyde and then to acetate by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), both of which have genetic polymorphisms. A review of case-control studies of the effects of ALDH2, ADH2 and ADH3 genotypes shows consistently positive associations between inactive heterozygous ALDH2 and the less-active ADH2 genotypes and the risk for esophageal cancer in East Asian heavy drinkers and this enzyme-related vulnerability may extend to light-to-moderate drinkers. Some studies suggest similar associations with the risk for head and neck cancer in moderate-to-heavy-drinking Japanese. An established carcinogen in experimental animals, acetaldehyde can interact with human DNA. ALDH2-associated cancer susceptibility fits into a scenario in which acetaldehyde plays a critical role in the development of human cancer. Alcohol flushing and drinking behavior may partly explain this carcinogenic effect in carriers of less-active ADH2 genotypes. Whether the ADH3 genotype influences head and neck cancer risk in Western nations is controversial. Professional and public education about risky conditions connected to the ALDH2 and ADH2 genotypes and environmental factors is important in a new strategic approach to the prevention of alcohol-related cancers in East Asians. The use of simple tests to identify inactive ALDH2 on the basis of alcohol flushing responses could benefit many people, by helping them to identify their own cancer risks. Such testing could also help clinicians diagnose esophageal cancer earlier, through the use of endoscopic screening in the high-risk population.     

Religiosity and Physical and Emotional Functioning Among African American and White Colorectal and Lung Cancer Patients

The literature suggests that religiosity helps cope with illness. The present study examined the role of religiosity in functioning among African Americans and Whites with a cancer diagnosis. Patients were recruited from an existing study and mailed a religiosity survey. Participants (N = 269; 36% African American, 56% women) completed the mail survey, and interview data from the larger cohort was utilized in the analysis. Multivariate analyses indicated that in the overall sample religious behaviors were marginally and positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Among women, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Religiosity was not a predictor of study outcomes for men. Among African Americans, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and vitality. Among Whites, religious behaviors were negatively associated with depressive symptoms. These findings suggest a mixed role of religious involvement in cancer outcomes. The current findings may have applied potential in the areas of emotional functioning and depression.     

New and emerging radiosensitizers and radioprotectors

The combination of chemotherapy and radiation has led to clinical breakthroughs in several disease sites, and current work continues to define optimum combinations of proven chemotherapy as well as more recently available, noncytotoxic agents. Administration of systemic therapies allows modulation of radiation response to improve tumor control (radiosensitization) or to prevent normal tissue toxicity (radioprotection). Substantial progress has been made in identifying the targets of standard chemotherapeutic radiation sensitizers and protectors as well as in the introduction of a new generation of molecularly targeted therapies in combination with radiation. We have reviewed the most recent, predominantly early phase clinical trials combining systemic agents with radiation. Although the proof of an improved schedule ultimately needs to come from well-run Phase III trials, the search among schedules could be shortened by the use of surrogate endpoints such as presence of active drug metabolites in the tumor. This has been accomplished only in a few cases and needs to become a more standard part of radiation sensitizer and protector trials.