新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病患儿血清IL-6的表达及临床意义研究

目的：研究新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病（HIE）患儿血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)的表达及临床意义研究,并分析不同病变程度患儿血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平的差异。方法：选取2021年4月至2022年4月惠东县人民医院新生儿科收治的30例新生儿HIE患儿作为HIE组,另选取周期在医院分娩的30例正常健康新生儿作为对照组。对比对照组、HIE组及HIE不同病情程度亚组血清IL-6水平差异;对比急性期HIE、恢复期HIE患儿血清IL-6水平、新生儿行为神经测定（NBNA）评分,分析血清IL-6水平与NBNA评分相关性,受试者操作特征（ROC）曲线分析血清IL-6水平预测新生儿HIE病情严重程度的价值。结果：轻度组与对照组出生后1 d、3 d、10 d IL-6水平相比,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;中度组与重度组出生后1 d、3 d、10 d IL-6水平均高于轻度组、对照组（P<0.05）;重度组出生后1 d、3d、10 d IL-6水平高于中度组（P<0.05）;急性期HIE患儿IL-6水平高于恢复期HIE患儿,NBNA评分低于恢复期患儿（P<0.05）;绘制RO...     

新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病血清TNF-α和IL-6动态变化及临床意义

目的探讨新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)患者血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)动态变化及临床意义。方法选取3所医院收治的新生儿HIE患者98例,按病情严重程度分为轻度、中度和重度组,并选择同期于3所医院产科分娩的健康新生儿35例作为对照组,对比各组出生后1、3、7dTNF-α、IL-6水平,同时监测脑血流动力学指标。结果 TNF-α、IL-6水平随着HIE患者病情的加重而上升,且均高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);同时,HIE患儿出生后7d的TNF-α与IL-6水平较出生后1、3d相比,有显著降低,中重度组较轻度组相比,脑血流速度明显减慢;重度组脑血管阻力指数较中、轻度相比有明显上升,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 TNF-α、IL-6的水平与HIE严重程度存在相关关系,动态监测其水平变化对早期诊断HIE、评价病情严重程度、判断预后具有重要指导意义。     

新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病血清IL-6、IL-8的改变及临床意义

目的 研究新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)患儿血清白细胞介素6(IL-6)、白细胞介素8(IL-8)的改变,探讨IL-6、IL-8水平与HIE和HIE病变程度之间的关系。方法 对47例患缺氧缺血性脑病的新生儿(中、重度组27例,轻度组20例)及同期五窒息、无重度感染的新生儿21例,分别于出生后3 d内及治疗10 d后采用ELISA法测定新生儿血清IL-6、IL-8水平。结果 各组间均存在显著性差异,缺氧缺血性脑病的新生儿血清IL-6、IL-8高于对照组,中、重度组高于轻度组。恢复期血清IL-6、IL-8明显降低。结论 新生儿HIE血清IL-6、IL-8水平变化与HIE和HIE病变严重程度有关,IL-6、IL-8在新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病的发病机理中起重要作用。     

新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶、髓鞘碱性蛋白的变化及临床意义

目的探讨血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、髓鞘碱性蛋白(MBP)的水平变化在新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)中的意义。方法 HIE组足月HIE患儿40例,轻度10例,中度16例,重度14例,对照组为正常足月新生儿10例。分别在1、3 d(急性期),7～10 d(恢复期)采血,用放射免疫法测定NSE,用ELISA法测定MBP,10例健康新生儿作为正常对照组。结果①HIE组在第1天和治疗后第3天,血清NSE水平均高于对照组(P0.05);在治疗7～10 d后,轻度HIE患儿NSE水平基本恢复正常,而中、重度HIE患儿仍保持较高水平。②重度组HIE患儿急性期MBP水平明显增高(P0.01)。对照组与轻、中度HIE组血清中MBP水平比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),与重度组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论血清NSE水平可作为早期诊断新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病的客观指标,血清MBP检测可作为判断HIE脑损伤程度的参考指标。     

新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病患儿血清一氧化氮和白细胞介素-18的变化及意义

目的 通过监测新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)患儿血清NO、IL-18的变化,探讨NO、IL-18与HIE的相互关系及临床意义.方法 以2007年1月至2007年11月我院收治的HIE新生儿为观察组,正常新生儿为对照组.分别于生后第1、3、7、14天测定HIE组及对照组血清NO和IL-18,分析NO、IL-18的变化及意义.结果 生后第1天,正常对照组血清NO及IL-18含量分别为(6.40±4.24)μmol/L和(2.84±2.53)ng/L;轻度HIE组为(21.55±7.23)μmol/L和(6.79±1.96)ng/L;中度HIE组为(33.38±2.81)μmol/L和(14.07±2.91)ng/L;重度HIE组为(66.39±18.03)μmol/L和(26.85±9.82)ng/L.HIE组血清NO及IL-18含量较对照组均有升高(P均<0.01);且中、重度HIE患儿血清NO及IL-18含量明显高于轻度HIE患儿(P均<0.01).第14天轻、中度HIE组的NO、IL-18含量与对照组对比差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05),而重度HIE组与对照组对比差异有统计学意义[对照组NO及IL-18含量分别为(5.38±4.79)μmol/L和(2.39±1.41)ng/L,重度HIE组分别为(24.86±9.43)μmol/L和(13.43±3.23)ng/L,P均<0.01].方法 NO和IL-18参与HIE的整个发病过程,血清NO及IL-18含量与病情的严重程度有关,可以作为HIE病情变化的监测指标.     

缺氧缺血性脑病患儿血清Hcy水平与病情严重程度的相关性

目的 探讨缺血缺氧性脑病(HIE)患儿血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平与病情严重程度的相关性。方法 选取2019年1月～2019年12月我院收治的105例缺氧缺血性脑病患儿,评估患儿病情严重程度,并根据结果分为轻度组、中度组及重度组。检测所有患儿血清Hcy水平,分析血清Hcy水平对HIE患儿病情严重程度的预测价值。结果105例HIE患儿中轻度39例、中度53例、重度13例;重度组新生儿Apgar评分低于轻度组、中度组,血清Hcy水平高于轻度组、中度组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);经双变量Pearson直线相关性分析,HIE患儿血清Hcy水平与新生儿Apgar评分呈负相关(r0,P0.05);绘制受试者工作曲线(ROC)发现,血清Hcy水平分别用于预测HIE患儿病情严重程度的曲线下面积(AUC)为:0.754,有一定预测价值。结论 血清Hcy水平与HIE患儿病情严重程度密切相关,可指导临床及时采取干预措施,改善患儿预后。     

新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病血清脑红蛋白的动态变化及其临床意义

目的观察缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)患儿生后1周内血清脑红蛋白(NGB)的表达规律。方法将2010年5月至2012年2月因存在窒息史在我院新生儿病房住院的60例足月新生儿设为观察组(依据临床表现分为四个亚组:窒息组16例、轻度HIE组22例、中度HIE组14例、重度HIE组8例),ELISA法检测生后3h内,12h,1d,2d,3d,7d患儿血清NGB浓度。选择同期住院的无窒息史的足月新生儿10例作为对照组。比较各组血清NGB水平的差异。结果 (1)生后2d内窒息组患儿血清NGB水平显著高于对照组(P<0.01),3d后差异无统计学意义。(2)观察组各亚组血清NGB表达在生后2d内处于较高水平,3d后降至较低水平,各亚组内总体差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),各HIE组血清NGB表达在生后1周内的变化趋势类似双峰曲线。(3)随HIE临床分度加重,患儿血清NGB水平渐升高。生后3d,7d时,轻、中度HIE组明显高于窒息组(P<0.05),而轻度HIE组明显低于重度HIE组(P<0.05)。结论新生儿HIE中有多种机制参与诱导NGB表达,发挥脑保护作用,表达强度与脑损伤程度有关。     

血清可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1和神经元特异性烯醇化酶检测在新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病的诊断价值

目的探讨血清可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1(sICAM-1)和神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)应用于新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)的临床意义。方法双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测59例足月HIE患儿(HIE组,其中轻度11例,中度32例,重度16例)及30例健康足月新生儿(健康对照组)出生24 h内血清sICAM-1和NSE水平,比较各组间差异;分析HIE患儿血清sICAM-1和NSE的相关性。结果 HIE组血清sICAM-1和NSE水平高于健康对照组(P<0.05);HIE各组sICAM-1和NSE水平随HIE程度加重而增加,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);HIE各组血清sICAM-1和NSE呈正相关(轻度、中度、重度组相关系数分别为0.779、0.814、0.827,P<0.05)。结论血清sICAM-1和NSE水平可作为判断HIE新生儿病情严重程度和疗效的早期指标。     

血清tau蛋白、NGF、BNP在缺血缺氧性脑病患儿中的表达及与神经系统发育的相关性

目的研究血清tau蛋白、神经生长因子(NGF)、脑钠肽(BNP)在缺血缺氧性脑病(HIE)患儿中的表达及与神经系统发育的相关性。方法回顾性分析2017年2月至2018年10月暨南大学附属深圳市宝安区妇幼保健院妇产科收治的46例HIE新生儿(HIE组),按疾病严重程度分为轻度12例,中度18例,重度16例。选择同期分娩的健康新生儿40例作为对照组。分别于出生第7天时采用酶联免疫吸附试验测定血清tau蛋白、NGF、BNP水平,出生第7、14、28天进行新生儿神经行为(NBNA)评分,于出生第3、6个月时采用婴幼儿发育量表检测智力发育指数(MDI)、运动发育指数(PDI)。采用Pearason分析HIE患儿血清tau蛋白、NGF、BNP与NBNA评分、MDI、PDI的相关性。结果HIE组血清tau蛋白、BNP水平明显高于对照组,NGF水平明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同程度HIE患儿血清tau蛋白、BNP水平随疾病严重程度变化而升高,NGF水平随疾病严重程度变化而降低(P<0.05)。HIE组出生第7、14、30天NBNA评分明显低于对照组,HIE轻度、中度及重度患儿NBNA评分随着疾病严重程度变化而降低,出生第7、14、30天NBNA评分均明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。HIE组出生第3个月、6个月MDI、PDI指数明显低于对照组,轻度、中度及重度患儿MDI和PDI指数随着疾病严重程度变化而降低,出生第3个月、6个月MDI、PDI指数均明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。血清tau蛋白、BNP与NBNA评分呈负相关性(P<0.05),NGF与NBNA评分呈正相关性(P<0.05);血清tau蛋白、NGF、BNP与MDI、PDI呈负相关性(P<0.05)。结论血清tau蛋白、BNP水平变化随着HIE疾病严重程度升高,NGF水平变化随着HIE疾病严重程度降低,且与HIE患儿神经系统发育密切相关。     

新生儿HIE患儿血清细胞因子的变化及临床意义

目的 探讨新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)患儿血清中白介素-18(IL-18)、超敏C反应蛋白(hsCRP)的变化及临床意义.方法 采用ELISA法检测出生后3 、7 d 的32例HIE患儿与24例健康新生儿血清中IL-18及hsCRP水平.结果 出生后3 d HIE患儿和健康新生儿血清中IL-18水平分别为(485.9...     

Fibrinogen and fibrin structure and functions

Fibrinogen molecules are comprised of two sets of disulfide-bridged Aalpha-, Bbeta-, and gamma-chains. Each molecule contains two outer D domains connected to a central E domain by a coiled-coil segment. Fibrin is formed after thrombin cleavage of fibrinopeptide A (FPA) from fibrinogen Aalpha-chains, thus initiating fibrin polymerization. Double-stranded fibrils form through end-to-middle domain (D:E) associations, and concomitant lateral fibril associations and branching create a clot network. Fibrin assembly facilitates intermolecular antiparallel C-terminal alignment of gamma-chain pairs, which are then covalently 'cross-linked' by factor XIII ('plasma protransglutaminase') or XIIIa to form 'gamma-dimers'. In addition to its primary role of providing scaffolding for the intravascular thrombus and also accounting for important clot viscoelastic properties, fibrin(ogen) participates in other biologic functions involving unique binding sites, some of which become exposed as a consequence of fibrin formation. This review provides details about fibrinogen and fibrin structure, and correlates this information with biological functions that include: (i) suppression of plasma factor XIII-mediated cross-linking activity in blood by binding the factor XIII A2B2 complex. (ii) Non-substrate thrombin binding to fibrin, termed antithrombin I (AT-I), which down-regulates thrombin generation in clotting blood. (iii) Tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA)-stimulated plasminogen activation by fibrin that results from formation of a ternary tPA-plasminogen-fibrin complex. Binding of inhibitors such as alpha2-antiplasmin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-2, lipoprotein(a), or histidine-rich glycoprotein, impairs plasminogen activation. (iv) Enhanced interactions with the extracellular matrix by binding of fibronectin to fibrin(ogen). (v) Molecular and cellular interactions of fibrin beta15-42. This sequence binds to heparin and mediates platelet and endothelial cell spreading, fibroblast proliferation, and capillary tube formation. Interactions between beta15-42 and vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin, an endothelial cell receptor, also promote capillary tube formation and angiogenesis. These activities are enhanced by binding of growth factors like fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and cytokines like interleukin (IL)-1. (vi) Fibrinogen binding to the platelet alpha(IIb)beta3 receptor, which is important for incorporating platelets into a developing thrombus. (vii) Leukocyte binding to fibrin(ogen) via integrin alpha(M)beta2 (Mac-1), which is a high affinity receptor on stimulated monocytes and neutrophils.     

Migraine and genetic and acquired vasculopathies

It is remarkable that migraine is a prominent part of the phenotype of several genetic vasculopathies, including cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leucoencephalopathy (CADASIL), retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukodystrophy (RVCL) and hereditary infantile hemiparessis, retinal arteriolar tortuosity and leukoencephalopahty (HIHRATL). The mechanisms by which these genetic vasculopathies give rise to migraine are still unclear. Common genetic susceptibility, increased susceptibility to cortical spreading depression (CSD) and vascular endothelial dysfunction are among the possible explanations. The relation between migraine and acquired vasculopathies such as ischaemic stroke and coronary heart disease has long been established, further supporting a role of the (cerebral) blood vessels in migraine. This review focuses on genetic and acquired vasculopathies associated with migraine. We speculate how genetic and acquired vascular mechanisms might be involved in migraine.     

创伤高血糖与感染和MODS早期诊断和干预

本文详细介绍了创伤后血糖应激适度理论,以及高血糖与感染和多器官功能不全综合征的关系;提出涉及胰岛B细胞功能不全的MODS实验诊断新方案和极化液个体化干预新措施,可早期发现创伤MODS、降低感染率及MODS发生率和病死率。     

腹膜后纤维化与肾积水发生关系的临床研究

目的：探讨腹膜后纤维化（RPF）导致肾积水的原因及诊治经验。方法：回顾分析2004年1月—2010年12月24例腹膜后纤维化致肾积水患者的诊治资料。结果：（1）RPF患者常见首发症状为腰背痛或腹痛（69.2%）;（2）红细胞沉降率（ESR）增快和血清IgG4升高最常见。超声检查仅提示上尿路积水。RPF的静脉肾盂造影（IVP）和CT尿路成像（CTU）表现具有特征性。IVP肾盂输尿管显影不良时,CTU能较清晰的显示上尿路影像。CT扫描发现腹膜后软组织肿块9例（37.5%）,优于超声检查;（3）输尿管松解和腹腔化手术治疗22例;行肾切除术1例;行输尿管置双J管术1例。最终确诊为继发性RPF8例,其中4例为术前诊断,3例为术中腹膜后软组织肿块冷冻活检证实,1例为术后病理证实;（4）特发性RPF手术后肾积水均获长期缓解,而继发性RPF的预后取决于原发疾病及其治疗方案。结论：影像学检查是诊断RPF的重要手段,CTU优于超声检查和IVP。输尿管松解和腹腔化手术可以使特发性RPF输尿管梗阻得到长期的缓解,术中对肿块进行冷冻活检有助于鉴别特发性和继发性RPF,及时调整治疗方案。     

Telemedicine and teleradiology technologies and applications

Summary. Telemedicine and teleradiology hold the key for improving future health care delivery. In this paper we first review current communication and computer technologies used in telemedicine and teleradiology. Five examples in teleradiology applications are given including hospital-integrated picture archiving and communication systems, tele-neuro-imaging, telemammography, university consortium teleradiology service, and teleradiology for second opinion. Parameters important to teleradiology applications like costs, image quality, system reliability, and turn around time are considered. Data security is discussed, including patient confidentiality and image authenticity-which will be a major issue in future teleradiology applications.     

Physician and Nurse Practitioner Teamwork and Job Satisfaction: Gender and Profession

Designing interprofessional primary care teams composed of physicians and nurse practitioners (NPs) is a national priority. We assessed how profession and gender affect teamwork and job satisfaction among primary care physicians and NPs by using survey data from 186 physicians and 398 NPs practicing in New York State. Our regression models show profession (NP vs physician) moderates the associations of gender with teamwork and job satisfaction. Among NPs, men had higher job satisfaction than women. Among physicians, women had higher job satisfaction than men. Our results can benefit interprofessional primary care teams to optimize their professional and gender mix.     

探讨儿童慢性顽固性咳嗽与支原体感染的关系及临床治疗观察

目的探讨儿童慢性顽固性咳嗽与肺炎支原体（MP）感染的关系及临床疗效观察。方法采用回顾性研究方法对于现将2005年3月至2008年3月在我院的55例确诊慢性顽固性咳嗽患儿,主要表现为肺炎支原体感染为临床特点进行分析,并进一步临床治疗研究。结果①临床特点：在55例确诊慢性咳嗽的患儿中,以慢性顽固性咳嗽为主要症状。58％（32／55）的病例无肺部体征;②外周血：85％（47／55）的病例外周血变化不大,WBC（4—10）×10 9／L之间,嗜酸性粒细胞增多;③特别检查：47．27％（26／55）肺炎支原体IgM（MP—IgM）抗体阳性,83．64％（46／55）PeR技术检测肺炎支原体特异性DNA;④X光报告为多种形式。结论肺炎支原体（MP）感染是引起儿童慢性顽固性咳嗽的病因之一,对儿童慢性咳嗽,特别是顽固性咳嗽的诊治中应更加重视。     

Acetaminophen and acetylcysteine dose and duration: Past,present and future

Abstract

Acetylcysteine has been utilized successfully in the treatment of acetaminophen overdose since the 1970s. Although prospective trials as to efficacy and safety of acetylcysteine were conducted, there were no randomized controlled trials. This commentary addresses the reasons for this, and the background to choice of dose of acetylcysteine utilized in the oral and IV dosing regimens. Nomograms to predict possible hepatotoxicity based upon time of ingestion of acetaminophen were developed from a relatively arbitrary definition of toxicity as an aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase (ALT/AST) greater than 1000 IU/L. While these have proved generally useful, patients still continue to develop hepatic damage after acetaminophen overdose, particularly if they present late after ingestion. The optimum management of these patients remains unclear, and one area of uncertainty is the dose and duration of acetylcysteine in various circumstances. This article discusses the issues that need to be elucidated to better target changes in acetylcysteine dose. The potential for measurements of other markers to improve treatment selection is the subject of further research.