二维斑点追踪技术在评价2型糖尿病患者早期左心房功能中的应用

目的:应用二维斑点追踪技术评价2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者早期左心房功能。方法:搜集T2DM患者56例,把其中27例无微血管病者作为A组,29例合并微血管病者作为B组,30例正常健康志愿者作为对照组(C组)。采集静息状态下心尖两腔切面和心尖四腔切面二维动态图像,应用二维斑点追踪技术(2D-STE)技术获取左心房各壁(房间隔、侧壁、下壁及前壁)在左心室收缩期、舒张早期和舒张晚期的峰值应变率及左心房整体应变(SRs、SRe、SRa、Gs),并计算其平均值(mSRs、mSRe、mSRa)。应用实时三维超声技术测得左心房各容积参数、左心房被动射血分数(LAPEF)、左心房主动射血分数(LAAEF)及左房扩张指数(LAEI)。另外,各组均行常规超声心动图检查。结果:与C组比较,A组和B组左心房Gs、mSRs、mSRe降低,mSRa升高(均P0.01)。A和B组mSRa与LAAEF呈显著正相关(r=0.785,0.813,均P0.01)。结论:2D-STE可较好地反映T2DM患者早期左心房功能。     

实时三维超声心动图和超声斑点追踪成像技术在老年冠心病患者中的应用价值

目的 探究实时三维超声心动图(RT3DE)和超声斑点追踪成像技术(STI)在老年冠心病诊断及PCI术后疗效评价的应用价值。方法 选择2019年5月至2021年11月于盘锦辽油宝石花医院心胸外科治疗的老年冠心病患者152例为冠心病组及健康体检者102例为对照组，观察RT3DE参考指标：左心房最大容积(LAVmax)、左心房最小容积(LAVmin)、左心房收缩前容积(LAVp),左心房主动射血分数(LAAEF)、左心房被动射血分数(LAPEF);STI参考指标：左心房整体收缩期平均峰值应变率(mSRs)、左心房舒张早期平均峰值应变率(mSRe)、左心房舒张晚期平均峰值应变率(mSRa)。结果 冠心病组mSRs(3.19±0.67 vs 3.82±0.73)、mSRa(-4.57±0.62 vs-3.91±0.53)、LAAEF[(33.79±4.96)%vs(36.10±5.12)%]明显低于对照组(P<0.01),冠心病组mSRe、LAVmax、LAVp、LAVmin、LAPEF明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。RT3DE和STI指标联合检测诊断冠心病的ROC曲线下面积(AUC...     

肥厚型梗阻性心肌病扩大室间隔切除术后左心房功能变化及意义

目的应用二维斑点追踪应变显像技术(2DSTE)评估肥厚型梗阻性心肌病(HOCM)患者扩大室间隔切除术后左心房功能的变化特点,并探讨其临床意义。方法 39例HOCM患者入选此研究。应用2DSTE技术测量房间隔,左房侧壁、前壁,下壁的基底段、中段,以及房顶部共12个节段各个时相的心房心肌应变率,取平均值,得出左心室收缩期左心房峰值应变率(mSRs)、左心室舒张早期左心房峰值应变率(mSRe)、左心室舒张晚期(心房收缩期)左心房峰值应变率(mSRa)。应用2DSTE自左房容积曲线获得左心房最大容积(LAVmax)、左心房收缩前容积(LAVp)、左心房最小容积(LAVmin),计算左心房容积指数(LAVI)、左心房主动排空分数(LAAEF)、左心房被动排空分数(LAPEF)、左心房扩张指数(LAEI)。比较术前、术后中期各参数的变化特点。结果与术前比较,39例HOCM患者扩大室间隔切除术后,左心房最大前后径(LAD)、室间隔厚度(IVS)、左心室后壁舒张末期厚度(LVPWd)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室流出道最大压差(LVOT-PG)、二尖瓣反流(MI)均明显减低(P均0.05);左心室舒张末前后径(LVEDD)、左心室收缩末前后径(LVESD)均明显增大(P均0.05);二尖瓣E峰减速时间(DT)缩短,舒张晚期二尖瓣环运动速度(a’)增加(P0.05);左心室舒张晚期mSRa较术前明显增加(P0.05);各个时相LAVmax、LAVp、LAVmin以及LAVI均明显减小(P0.05),LAAEF增加(P0.05);左心室舒张晚期mSRa与LAAEF在0.01水平上呈中等程度负相关(P0.01)。结论 HOCM患者扩大室间隔切除术后左心房辐泵功能较术前恢复。2DSTE能够敏感反映左心房功能的变化特点。     

肺心病患者左心室功能的应变率成像分析

目的 探讨应变率成像(SRI)技术评价慢性肺心病患者左室功能的价值. 方法 选取慢性肺心病患者64例(其中代偿组30例,失代偿组34例)及健康对照组30例,应用SRI技术测量左室各壁基底段、中段的心肌收缩期峰值应变率(SRs)、舒张早期峰值应变率(SRe)和舒张晚期峰值应变率(SRa),计算左室平均峰值应变率(mSR),并与常规超声心动图指标进行对比研究. 结果与健康对照组相比,慢性肺心病组mSRs、mSRe、mSRe/mSRa均降低,mSRa均增高(均P=0.000).且与代偿组比较,失代偿组mSRs、mSRe、mSRe/mSRa降低,mSRa增高(P=0.000、0.038、0.015、0.001).慢性肺心病组左室射血分数(LVEF)与mSRs呈高度负相关(r=0.75、0.82,P=0.000).结论 慢性肺心病组LVEF与mSRs具有高度相关性,利用慢性肺心病患者左心室mSRs可以反映LVEF的状况.SRI技术较常规超声心动图更敏感、快速地定量评价慢性肺心病患者左心功能.     

2D-STI在老年高血压性心脏病患者心肌微循环灌注及左心室收缩功能评估中的价值

目的 探讨超声二维斑点追踪(2D-STI)在老年高血压性心脏病(HHD)患者心肌微循环灌注及左心室收缩功能评估中的价值。方法 选取抚州市妇幼保健院2019年7月至2021年5月收治的60例老年HHD患者为观察组,另选取同期就诊的60例老年高血压患者为对照组,对比两组超声心动图参数。心肌声学造影(MCE)参数分析时,将观察组按心肌节段厚度分为两组,观察1组(n=30,心肌节段增厚),观察2组(n=30,心肌节段正常),对比3组MCE参数及心肌节段厚度(MST),分析MCE参数与HHD患者MST的相关性。结果 两组左室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室质量指数(LVMI)水平无显著差异(P>0.05),观察组左室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)、左室收缩末期容积(LVESV)、晚期峰值血流速度(A)、左心房心肌收缩期平均峰值应变率(mSRs)水平均明显高于对照组,早期峰值血流速度(E)、E/A、左心房心肌舒张早期平均峰值应变率(mSRe)、心房收缩期平均峰值应变率(mSRa)水平均明显低于对照组(均P<0.05)。LVEDV、LVESV、E、A、mSRs、mSRe、mSRa评估老年HHD患...     

三维超声心动图及斑点追踪成像评价左心房不同构型阵发性房颤患者左心房功能的临床研究

目的应用实时三维超声心动图(3D-RTE)及二维斑点追踪成像(2D-STI)评价左心房不同构型的阵发性房颤患者(PAF)左心房结构和功能。方法入选2017年1月至2018年12月于解放军总医院第七医学中心收治的阵发性房颤患者98例。根据二维超声左心房容积指数(LAVI-2D)将房颤患者分为左心房容积正常组(LAN组,LAVI<34 ml/m^2,50例)和左心房容积扩大组(LAE组,LAVI≥34 ml/m^2,48例)。选择同期38例临床资料匹配者为对照组。实时三维超声心动图测定左心房最大容积(LAVmax),左心房最小容积(LAVmin),左心房容积指数(LAVI-3D)和左心房总排空分数(LATEF)。斑点追踪显像获取左心房纵向时间-应变曲线,记录收缩期平均应变(SSL)和各时相平均应变率(mSRs、mSRe、mSRa)。结果PAF患者LAVI平均水平高于对照组,且LAE组LAVI水平高于LAN组,LAVI-3D测量值较LAVI-2D测量值高(P均<0.05)。PAF患者LATEF平均水平低于对照组,且LAE组LATEF水平小于LAN组(P均<0.05)。与对照组比较,PAF患者mSSL、mSRs、mSRe和mSRa水平均降低,LAE组mSSL、mSRs、mSRe和mSRa水平小于LAN组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论三维超声心动图较二维测量左心房容积大,能更准确评估左心房容积。左心房容积无明显增大房颤患者,已出现左心房功能减低。左心房扩大者应变指标进一步下降,左心房功能减低明显。三维超声心动图及斑点追踪成像能早期评价房颤患者左心房功能异常。     

左心房容积追踪技术对终末期肾病肾移植手术患者左心房功能的评价价值

目的评价左心房容积追踪技术(LAVT)对终末期肾病(ESRD)肾移植手术患者左心房功能的评价价值。方法选取2014年12月—2016年10月在天津市第一中心医院行肾移植手术的ESRD患者65例,术后均恢复良好并随访1年以上。比较所有患者术前、术后左心室功能参数和左心房容积参数,左心室功能参数与左心房容积参数的相关性分析采用Pearson相关分析。结果所有患者术后左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室短轴缩短率(LVFS)、左房室瓣E峰最大流速(E值)、平均瓣环运动速度(e'值)高于术前,E/e'比值低于术前(P0.05);术后左心房最大容积(LAVmax)、心电图P波对应左心房容积(LAVp)、左心房最小容积(LAVmin)、左心房整体排空率(LATEF)、左心房被动排空率(LAPEF)、左心房主动排空率(LAAEF)低于术前(P0.05)。Pearson相关分析结果显示,E/e'比值与ESRD肾移植手术患者LAVmax、LAVp、LAVmin、LATEF、LAAEF呈正相关(r值分别0.663、0.237、0.373、0.650、0.581,P0.05),与LAPEF无直线相关性(r=0.101,P0.05)。结论 ESRD患者肾移植术后心功能明显改善,LAVT能实时观察左心房容积变化,准确评价左心房功能。     

二维斑点追踪技术检测指标与原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症患者左心室功能的相关性

目的 分析二维斑点追踪技术（2D-STE）检测指标与原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症（PHPT）左心室功能的相关性。 方法 入选就诊于该院诊断为PHPT的患者31例为PHPT组,选择同期就诊于该院性别、年龄与之相匹配的的健康体检者为对照组35例,所有患者均行血生化、心电图、常规超声心动图检查,同时采集心尖四腔心、三腔心、两腔心切面用于分析2D-STE图像。获得的超声参数包括左心房内径（LAD）、左心室舒张末内径（LVEDD）、左心室舒张末容积（LVEDV）、左心室射血分数（LVEF）、室间隔厚度（IVS）、左心室后壁厚度（LVPW）、二尖瓣舒张早晚期血流速度（E、A）、二尖瓣环室间隔侧与左心室侧壁侧舒张早期运动速度平均值（e’）、计算E/A和E/e’、左心室整体纵向应变 (GLS)和左心室整体纵向应变率 (GLSR)。 结果 对照组与PHPT组LAD、LVEDD、LVEDV、LVEF、IVS、LVPW、E、A、E/A差异无统计学意义;PHPT组e’、GLS绝对值和GLSR绝对值显著低于对照组,E/e’高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.01）。GLS绝对值与血钙和甲状旁腺素水平呈负相关（r = ?0.46, P<0.05;r = ?0.51, P<0.05）,E/e’与血钙和甲状旁腺素水平呈正相关（r = 0.42, P<0.05;r = 0.48, P<0.05）。 结论 2D-STE技术检测指标与PHPT左心室收缩功能有较好的相关性,有待深入研究与应用评价。     

心房颤动患者经导管射频消融术后不同时期左心房结构及功能的动态变化

目的:观察射频消融术对阵发性和持续性心房颤动(房颤)患者左心房结构和功能不同时期的影响。方法:临床诊断房颤的79名患者作为研究对象(阵发性房颤组65例、持续性房颤组14例),随访1年,行超声心动图检查监测左心房最大面积(左心房左右径×上下径)、左心房最大容积(LAVmax)、左心房最小容积(LAVmin)、左心房P容积(LAVp)等左心房结构指标,并通过左心房被动射血分数(LAPEF),左心房主动射血分数(LAAEF),左心房排空容积等指标探讨左心房功能的变化。体检非房颤人群22例作为对照组。全部数据采用SPSS17.0软件包进行统计学分析。结果:①消融术前检测显示:房颤组左心房最大面积、LAVmax、LAVmin均高于正常对照组(P0.05);并且持续性房颤组左心房增大更显著(P0.05)。房颤组LAAEF低于正常对照组(P0.05),其中持续性房颤组下降更明显(P0.05)。LAPEF及左心房排空容积各组间差异无统计学意义。②两组房颤患者术后左心房最大面积、LAVmax较术前均有变小(P0.05),但两者出现变化的时间点不同,阵发性房颤组在术后1年明显变小(P0.05),持续房颤组在术后近期就出现明显变小(P0.05)。两组LAAEF、LAPEF、排空容积等较术前均无显著性变化。③持续性房颤组左心房最大面积术后近期、中期变化率大于阵发性房颤组(P0.05),但至术后1年变化率两者差异无统计学意义。结论:经导管射频消融术能缩小房颤患者增大的左房结构,近、中期在持续性房颤患者更加显著;经导管射频消融术本身对左心房功能无明显影响。     

二维斑点追踪技术评价冠状动脉慢性完全性闭塞患者PCI后左心室应变情况的效果分析

目的探讨分析应用二维斑点追踪显像(2D-STI)技术评价冠状动脉慢性完全性闭塞(CTO)患者经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)后左心室应变情况的效果。方法纳入2017年9月～2018年5月于阜外心血管病医院超声科经冠状动脉造影明确为CTO并成功施行PCI的患者43例为CTO组(n=43),另选取同期于本院进行体检的30例健康志愿者作为对照组(n=30)。CTO组患者分别于PCI前1 d、后1月及后3个月行超声心动图检查,对照组于体检当天行超声心动图检查:常规超声测量舒张早期二尖瓣血流速度(E)与舒张晚期二尖瓣血流速度(A)比值(E/A)、左心室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)、收缩末期容积(LVESV)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)及舒张早期二尖瓣环运动速度(e');采集胸骨旁左室短轴二尖瓣、乳头肌、心尖水平动态图像,以及心尖部四腔观、两腔观及三腔观动态图像,应用2D-STI技术分析左心室分层纵向应变参数及左心室整体纵向、径向及圆周应变参数(GLS、GRS及GCS)。结果术前,CTO组E/e’值较对照组明显升高(P0.05);与PCI前及后1月比较,CTO组术后3个月E/e’值明显降低(P0.05)。与对照组相比,CTO组术前左心室整体应变(GLS、GCS、GRS)均显著降低,PCI后1个月GLS较术前升高(P0.05),术后3个月GLS、GCS及GRS较术前均增高(P0.05)。与对照组相比,CTO组术前左心室各层心肌纵向应变均显著降低(P0.05),PCI后1个月及治疗后3个月左室各层应变参数逐渐增高,PCI后3个月时增高更加显著(P0. 05)。结论 CTO患者的左心室收缩功能较正常人减低,PCI可明显改善CTO患者心室收缩功能,2D-STI技术能有效评价CTO患者PCI术后左心室应变情况。     

Radionuclide left ventricular function curve during atrial pacing in normal subjects and in patients with coronary artery disease

We used radionuclide angiography during right atrial pacing to assess left ventricular function in 7 normal subjects and 20 patients with coronary artery disease. A left ventricular function curve relating stroke volume to end-diastolic volume was plotted for each patient. The normal pacing ventricular function curve was a straight line passing through the origin of axes. The pacing ventricular function curve was abnormal in 18 of the 20 patients with coronary artery disease, and three different shaped curves were obtained, reflecting decreased contractile force for the same end-diastolic volume during ischemia. Cardiac output and blood pressure do not change during atrial pacing, thus the Frank-Starling relationship is evaluated by this method during almost experimentally controlled conditions. Relating stroke volume to end-diastolic volume, and not end-diastolic pressure, distinguishes between overall left ventricular systolic function and left ventricular compliance.     

Normal left ventricular function with total occlusion of right and left main coronary arteries

This report describes a unique case of normal left ventricular function in a patient with total proximal occlusion of the entire native coronary circulation in addition to an occluded left anterior descending bypass graft. Coronary flow was maintained by a sequential saphenous vein graft to the obtuse marginal and posterior descending arteries, with collateral filling of the left anterior descending vessel. Myocardial function was preserved, presumably because of the relatively gradual process of native coronary occlusion, allowing time for development of adequate collateral perfusion.     

Diagnosis of left atrial tumors by coronary angiography and left ventriculography

The left ventriculograms and pulmonary and coronary angiograms of eight patients with left atrial (LA) tumors were reviewed. The patients' ages ranged from 52 to 65 years. In each case the tumor was outlined during left ventriculography. Coronary arteriography allowed visualization of tumor vessels in six cases (six of seven myxomas). Two of the patients had significant coronary obstructions. It is concluded that a left ventriculogram is a sensitive diagnostic test for the presence of LA tumors. Coronary arteriography is indicated in patients with LA tumors in this age group and is likely to provide independent evidence of the presence of an LA tumor.     

Left atrial size and function are related to pulmonary hypertension in coronary artery disease

Background: Left atrial (LA) size reflects diastolic burden and is a prognostic parameter of common cardiovascular death. However, the association between LA size and function and pulmonary hypertension (PH) in coronary artery disease (CAD) has not been well investigated. We hypothesized that LA size and function are associated with PH in CAD. Methods: One hundred seven patients with CAD were studied. LA size was determined in three different methods; namely, LA volume index (LAV), LA area index, and LA dimension. LAV total emptying fraction was also determined. Pulsed Doppler E, A, E/A, DT, tissue Doppler E′, A′, and E/E′ were measured. Pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) was estimated. Results: All LA size parameters are significantly associated with PH. LAV emptying fraction, age, E, E/A, E/E′, and A′ were also associated with PH significantly. CAD patients with PH showed larger LA size, higher E, E/A, and E/E′ and lower LAV emptying fraction, A and A′ than CAD patients without PH. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that maximum LAV, E, E/A ratio, and age were independent predictors of PH. Maximum LAV > 35.6 mL/m² predicted PASP > 40 mmHg with a sensitivity of 83.9% and specificity of 62.2%. Conclusion: LAV is associated with PH in CAD patients. (Echocardiography 2012;29:535‐540)     

Assessment of systolic and diastolic left ventricular and left atrial function using vector velocity imaging in Takotsubo cardiomyopathy

Five adult patients with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TC) diagnosed by usual criteria were studied with velocity vector imaging (VVI) on admission and at follow-up, when their LV function had improved, as assessed by 2D TTE wall-motion score (WMS) index. Averaged peak segmental longitudinal strain (S) in systole, and velocity (V) and strain rate (SR) in both systole and diastole were measured from apical 4- (A4C) and 2-chamber views (A2C) in all patients. The data obtained by VVI were analyzed separately for involved and uninvolved segments, which were independently assessed by WMS. In the involved segments, systolic S, V, SR, and diastolic SR improved (P-value < 0.05) on follow-up. Diastolic V showed a trend toward improvement but did not reach statistical significance. In the uninvolved segments, none of the parameters improved significantly either during systole or diastole. In three of these five patients, left atrial (LA) walls were also studied by placing region of interest (ROI) points in the middle of each wall. Peak segmental LA systolic and diastolic V and SR as well as systolic S were obtained for both involved and uninvolved LA walls which were assessed independently using WMS similar to LV. In the involved LA walls, none of the atrial systolic and diastolic parameters changed significantly but all parameters with the exception of systolic V showed a tendency toward improvement during follow-up. Among the uninvolved LA walls, none changed significantly but atrial systolic SR and, diastolic V and SR tended to increase during follow-up. Our retrospective study using VVI demonstrates that TC patients also have LV systolic and diastolic longitudinal dysfunction, not just systolic radial dysfunction as assessed by traditional 2D TTE indices. Longitudinal LA dysfunction may also be present.     

应用多普勒组织成像评价冠心病患者左心室舒张功能

目的 :探讨应用多普勒组织成像 （DTI）检测二尖瓣环运动速度评估冠心病左室舒张功能的临床应用价值。方法 :应用 DTI技术 ,对 5 3例冠心病患者和 48例正常对照者二尖瓣环运动速度进行测定 ,并与常规多普勒超声心动图检查结果对照分析。结果 :与正常组相比 ,冠心病患者舒张早期 DTI速度峰值 （Ve）显著减低 （P<0 .0 1） ,舒张早期与舒张晚期 DTI速度峰值的比值 （Ve/ Va）显著减低 （P<0 .0 5 ）。冠心病患者 Ve/ Va比值异常检出率显著高于二尖瓣血流 E/ A比值的异常检出率 （P<0 .0 5 ）。 Ve/ Va比值与 E/ A比值之间存在高度相关性 （P<0 .0 1）。结论 :DTI技术检测二尖瓣环舒张期运动速度参数可用于无创评价冠心病左室舒张功能 ,尤其对鉴别伪正常具有一定应用价值。     

单纯右冠状动脉狭窄对左心室功能的影响

目的:探讨单纯右冠状动脉（RCA）狭窄不同狭窄程度和狭窄节段对左心室功能的影响。方法:将冠状动脉造影证实为单纯RCA狭窄的患者99例,按不同狭窄程度、不同狭窄节段和不同冠脉优势型进行分组,并与494例无冠状动脉狭窄的对照组比较,经左心室造影测定的左室射血分数（LVEF）和左室舒张末压（LVEDP）。结果:与对照组患者相比,轻度、中度和重度单纯右RCA狭窄患者的LVEF变化不显著,完全闭塞患者的LVEF显著下降（P<0.05）;右冠中段、右冠远段、后降支和侧后支病变患者的LVEF均无有意义变化,右冠近段病变患者LVEF下降有统计学意义（P<0.05）。单纯RCA狭窄患者中,右冠优势组LVEF略低于均衡优势组和左冠优势组,但差异未达显著水平。单纯RCA狭窄对LVEDP的影响并不明显。结论:单纯RCA主干近段狭窄和单纯RCA完全闭塞对左室收缩功能可产生一定程度的损害。     

Detection of diastolic left ventricular function abnormalities in patients with coronary artery disease and normal systolic function

We angiographically calculated left ventricular (LV) filling in 50 patients, all of whom had normal systolic LV function and 21 (42%) of whom had coronary artery disease. Five volume determinations were made: at end systole (ESV), first third (DV 1/3, half (DV 1/2), and second third of diastole (DV 2/3), and at the end of diastole (EDV). To assess different modalities of filling, we calculated filling fractions in the first third (FF 1/3) as the ratio of volume filled in the first third diastole (DV 1/3-ESV) over total diastolic filling (EDV-ESV). Similar filling fractions (FF) were calculated at half (FF 1 /2), second third (FF 2/3), and last third (FF 3/3) of diastole. We found significant differences between normal and coronary artery disease patients as follows: FF 1/3: 37.4± 14.9 versus 23.8±11.9%, respectively (p<0.002); FF 1/2: 58.6±14.7 versus 45.3±15.1% (p<0.005); FF 2/3: 33.8±15.2 versus 39.0±10.4% (NS), and differences in the opposite direction in the FF 3/3: 28.8± 15.2 versus 37.2±11.9% (p<0.02), respectively. We conclude that LV filling is accomplished differently in patients with coronary artery disease even if they have normal systolic function.     

Left atrial conduit function for left ventricular filling dynamics in patients with myocardial infarction

This study observed the left atrial function in determining filling dynamics of the left ventricle in patients with myocardial infarction. The study consisted of eight control subjects and ten patients with myocardial infarction. The left ventricular filling volume is considered to be composed of the left atrial passive emptying, active emptying, and conduit volumes. The change of left ventricular filling volume was correlated with that of conduit volume (r = .87, P < .01). However, the change of left ventricular filling volume did not have any correlation to those of left atrial passive emptying and active emptying volumes. These results suggested that the left atrial conduit function was important in determining filling dynamics of the left ventricle.