限制韧带松解在矫正先天性轻度上睑下垂的重睑术中的应用

目的:在重睑术前应重视先天性轻度上睑下垂的诊断并探讨应用限制韧带松解术在治疗先天性轻度上睑下垂中的临床意义。方法:对临床要求重睑的患者,通过"抬眉/额纹增多、仰颏、抬眼费力"三联症初步判断是否同时有轻度上睑下垂的存在;对确诊为先天性轻度上睑下垂患者,通过单纯松解限制韧带即可矫正大部分患者,不完善者加行上睑提肌腱膜缩短术。结果:本组23例33只眼,19例26只眼在重睑术中行单纯限制韧带松解术,4例7只眼行限制韧带松解术+上睑提肌腱膜折叠缩短术。随访3个月～2年,所有患者对上睑下垂矫正效果均满意,左右对称,外形自然,抬眼明显轻松,无复发。结论:在重睑术前应重视对先天性轻度上睑下垂的诊断,限制韧带松解术是治疗先天性轻度上睑下垂的首选方法,对于大部分患者可达到完全矫正的效果,且形态自然,不易复发。     

提上睑肌腱膜折叠矫正轻中度上睑下垂

目的探讨采用提上睑肌腱膜折叠矫正轻中度上睑下垂的临床效果。方法对先天性上睑下垂126例(177只眼)患者采用局部麻醉,行重睑术切口,适度分离切口下唇眼轮匝肌后,显露睑板上缘,沿眶隔后壁分离并确定提上睑肌腱膜后,行折叠,并固定于睑板上缘,调整双眼至对称后缝合皮肤。结果本组共126例(177只眼)患者,术后随访3~18个月。128只眼为满意(睑缘弧度符合生理性,术眼上睑缘遮盖角膜上缘≤2 mm,双眼基本对称);38只眼为基本满意(术眼上睑缘遮盖角膜上缘2~3 mm);8只眼为矫正不足(角膜上缘遮蔽3 mm);3只眼为过度矫正。结论采用提上睑腱膜折叠矫正方法治疗轻、中度上睑下垂,具有损伤小、容易操作、术后重睑自然等优点,值得在临床上推广应用。     

限制韧带切除矫正轻度上睑下垂在重睑成形术中的应用体会

目的 介绍一种切开重睑术同时进行轻度上睑下垂治疗的新术式——限制韧带切除术.方法 轻度上睑下垂患者存在着独特的解剖学结构,即在上睑提肌腱膜的浅面存在着数条横向走行的白色、质韧的索带样结构——限制韧带,其限制了上睑提肌的上提功能.在术中将其切除掉,使受到束缚的上睑提肌腱膜得到松解.结果 本组共21例患者,18例单纯采取限制韧带切除术,3例采取限制韧带切除术加上睑提肌腱膜缩短术.随访1～18个月,19例取得满意效果,1例重睑线在术后1个月时消失,1例上睑上提效果欠佳.无并发症发生.结论 在重睑成形术中行限制韧带切除术,对轻度上睑下垂有良好的治疗效果,建议在临床中推广应用.     

眶隔筋膜瓣及提上睑肌与额肌瓣吻合悬吊矫正重度上睑下垂

目的：研究利用眶隔筋膜瓣、提上睑肌腱膜联合额肌瓣悬吊矫正重度上睑下垂的临床效果。方法：术中切开眶隔,形成蒂在睑板上缘的眶隔筋膜瓣,在眉部分离形成额肌瓣,将这两瓣与提上睑肌腱膜重叠缝合固定,建立与额肌的连接,悬吊上睑并矫正下垂畸形。结果：采用此方法对27例35侧重度上睑下垂的眼睑进行了治疗,随访3～6个月,其中31侧眼睑取得了满意的效果,额肌收缩时患睑睁大两侧眼裂大小对称,睑缘位置正常,外形自然,睑缘弧度及重睑外形满意。矫正不足4侧,后行二次手术而修复。结论：利用眶隔筋膜瓣、提上睑肌腱膜联合额肌瓣重叠吻合悬吊矫正重度上睑下垂,上睑悬吊牢固,不易复发,保持了眼睑的原有结构,睑缘和重睑线弧度及外观满意,畸形矫正效果良好,优于传统的上睑提肌腱膜瓣悬吊和单纯额肌悬吊的方法。     

综合性方法治疗轻度先天性上睑下垂29例临床观察

目的:探讨治疗轻度先天性上睑下垂的综合方法。方法:轻度先天性上睑下垂患者采用离断眶隔脂肪与睑板上缘附近的上睑提肌腱膜存在的增厚的纤维条索,离断纤维条索后可矫正大部分的轻度上睑下垂,如果离断纤维条索后无法完全矫正上睑下垂,再行上睑提肌腱膜前徙缩短术矫正。结果:本组21例行单纯离断增厚的纤维条索术,19例术后上睑下垂症状完全消失,活动自如,外观自然,左右对称;2例术后上睑下垂症状未完全矫正,抬眼得到改善;随访1个月~1年,无复发。8例行离断增厚的纤维条索术+上睑提肌腱膜前徙缩短术,8例术后上睑下垂症状完全消失,活动自如,外观自然,左右对称,随访1个月至1年,无复发。结论:采用离断眶隔脂肪与睑板上缘附近的上睑提肌腱膜存在的增厚的纤维条索和/或上睑提肌腱膜前徙缩短术是可行的方法,并取得满意的效果。     

老年性上睑下垂的手术治疗

目的总结提上睑肌腱折叠术治疗老年性上睑下垂的体会。方法对48例因上睑下垂要求行手术的老年患者实施提上睑肌腱折叠术。随访6~12个月,评价治疗效果。结果本组48例(78眼)患者,术前为上睑重度下垂的6眼矫正不满意,表现为程度不等的欠矫(平视时上睑缘遮盖角膜2 mm,但未遮盖瞳孔)。其余72眼上睑下垂矫正满意,眼睑闭合良好,外观自然。随访6~12个月,上睑松弛明显改善,平视时上睑缘遮盖角膜上缘1~2 mm,瞳孔可完全显露,双重睑高度对称,睑缘弧度自然流畅,无眼睑畸形及过矫(Bell现象)情况。结论术前给予精心准备和设计,术中规范进行手术操作,术后对患者实施康复指导,提上睑肌腱折叠术治疗老年性上睑下垂,术后眼功能及外形恢复快,临床效果显著。     

上睑提肌缩短术矫正重睑过宽伴上睑下垂

目的 探讨通过上睑提肌缩短矫正重睑过宽伴上睑下垂的有效方法.方法 对78例重睑过宽的患者重新设计重睑线,松解原重睑线的粘连,将上睑提肌缩短,睑缘上移,以解决重睑过宽、睁眼乏力、轻度上睑下垂的问题.结果 术后随访6～24个月,所有患者的重睑形态良好,效果满意.结论 手术造成的重睑过宽、睁眼乏力、轻度上睑下垂,均可通过上睑提肌缩短术予以矫正,是值得临床推广的矫止多次重睑术后并发症的有效方法.     

上睑下垂的术前评估及改良提上睑肌缩短术矫治的疗效评价

目的评价改良提上睑肌缩短术矫治上睑下垂的效果。方法采用改良提上睑肌缩短术[此改良术式与常规术式不同之处在于增加分离提上睑肌腱膜的长度(22mm)和宽度(16mm),腱膜在睑板上固4对缝线,以增加其牢固度],共治疗上睑下垂57例68眼,其中轻度13例13眼,中度38例47眼,重度6例8眼。结果术后4～36个月随访,治愈48例59眼,欠矫9例9眼,无过矫病例。结论该提上睑肌缩短术与常规手术比较有改进,术后的睑缘高度易保持在上方角膜缘,弧度与健侧对称,不易形成眼角畸形,能较好提高矫治效果。     

提上睑肌腱膜缩短术治疗老年性上睑下垂

目的 探讨提上睑肌腱膜缩短术治疗老年性上睑下垂的临床疗效.方法 对7例(111眼)老年性上睑下垂患者,应用新斯的明试验排除重症肌无力后,行提上睑肌腱膜缩短术矫治上睑下垂.结果 本组所有患者术后上睑缘达角膜上缘以下1～2 mm水平,上睑凹陷得到矫正.结论 提上睑肌腱膜缩短术,是矫治老年性上睑下垂的有效方法.     

一期矫正上睑下垂合并上睑凹陷畸形

目的 探讨一期矫正上睑下垂合并上睑凹陷的手术方式及疗效.方法 术中根据上睑提肌肌力及上睑提肌腱膜的形态情况,选择上睑提肌腱膜修补术、腱膜折叠、缩短术或联合术式,以调整上睑提肌的肌力及其腱膜与睑板连接状况;同时将眶脂肪移位到凹陷区,或者采集适量自体颗粒脂肪注入至凹陷区的眶脂肪包膜内,复位眶隔膜;最后以常规切开重睑成形术法缝合切口.结果 本组15例(30只眼),11例获6～ 40个月随访,平均9.5个月,上睑下垂矫正满意,未见睑下垂复发,上睑凹陷消失,无并发症,眼部外观及功能恢复正常.结论 对上睑下垂合并上睑凹陷的患者,施行自体颗粒脂肪眶脂肪包膜内移植和眶脂肪移位法矫治上睑凹陷,并同期行上睑下垂矫正一期整形,在恢复上睑的解剖结构、正常眼位、运动功能、美化眼外形、趋于年轻化等方面均取得良好的手术效果.     

翼状韧带悬吊矫正先天性重度上睑下垂

目的 探讨翼状韧带悬吊矫正重度先天性上睑下垂的临床效果.方法 2010年1～11月,应用翼状韧带悬吊法治疗先天性重度上睑下垂患者15例15只眼,按照切开重睑术术式,打开眶隔,在距睑板上缘5 mm处剪断上睑提肌腱膜进入到上睑提肌下层,向结膜上穹窿分离,在上直肌前1/3和上睑提肌之间找到翼状韧带,用3-0丝线同上睑提肌缝合于睑板上缘,悬吊矫正上睑下垂,缝合形成重睑.结果 经过3～11个月随访,15只眼矫正良好,眼裂均在15～30 d基本闭合,无其他并发症发生,重睑弧度形态自然,外观满意.结论 翼状韧带悬吊治疗重度先天性上睑下垂疗效可靠,用翼状韧带代替上睑提肌,生理运动方向一致,术后眼睑外形动态与静态均较自然.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the clinical result of check ligament suspension for correction of congenital severe blepharoptosis. Methods Since Jan. 2010 to Nov. 2010, 15 eyes in 15 cases with congenital severe blepharoptosis were treated with the check ligament suspension. Palpebralis aponeurosis was exposured by opening fascia palpebralis during blepharoplasty. Palpebralis aponeurosis was cut off about 5 mm above the tarsus. The check ligament was seen in the intermuscular space between the segment of levator and the anterior one third of superior rectus attached to the conjunctival fornix. Congenital blepharoptosis could be corrected by suturing the check ligament and levator palpebrae superior to the upper margin of tarsal plate with 3-0 silk thread. Double eyelid plasty was carried out in the end. Results The follow-up period was 3-11 months with good cosmetic result. All the cases could close their eyes in 15 to 30 days with no complication. Conclusions In conclusion, this technique is quite successful in raising the level of the upper eyelid in severe congenital blepharoptosis. The check ligament moves in a similar direction as the natural movement of levator muscle, so both the postoperative static and dynamic appearance of the upper lid is more natural.     

改良上睑提肌缩短术治疗中度和重度上睑下垂

目的 探讨应用改良上睑提肌缩短术治疗中、重度先天性上睑下垂的疗效.方法 对30例中、重度先天性上睑下垂患者(包括2例上睑下垂术后欠矫和复发患者),采用联合睑板切除的上睑提肌缩短术.术中睑板切除量根据睑板的宽度设计,上睑提肌切除量＝(上提量-睑板切除宽度)× (4～5) mm.并分离睑结膜和上睑提肌,切除一定量的睑结膜以防止结膜脱垂,对术后效果进行随访观察.结果 30例除3例矫正不足外,余均获得良好上提效果,上睑缘弧度自然,无严重并发症,仅少数患者早期有轻度睑裂闭合不全.结论 改良上睑提肌缩短术适用于中、重度先天性上睑下垂患者及上睑下垂术后欠矫的患者,在矫正畸形和改善外观方面均能达到良好的效果.掌握手术操作要点,有助于在功能和外形上取得满意效果.     

The anterior layer of the levator aponeurosis in blepharoptosis correction

Background: Conventional aponeurotic surgery for blepharoptosis has many advantages, but there is a potential for recurrence and lagophthalmos. The anatomy of the levator palpebrae muscle is relatively well studied, but the relationship of levator aponeurosis with surrounding layers is still controversial. This study aims to prove the presence of an anterior layer of the levator aponeurosis in clinical cases and to describe a technique involving its use for obtaining predictable outcomes in blepharoptosis correction.Methods: Between January 2014 and October 2018, 173 patients with blepharoptosis underwent correction surgery that involved relocating the anterior layer of the levator aponeurosis. During this procedure, after retracting the preaponeurotic fat pad, we could identify the misinserted anterior layer of the levator aponeurosis on the floor of the fat pad. The anterior layer was divided and advanced with posterior layers to 2 mm below the upper margin of the tarsus. After surgery, patients were followed up for 1 year, and surgical outcomes were evaluated.Results: After 1 year of follow-up, 95.4% of the examined patients showed good long-term outcomes. Moreover, although 4% showed moderate outcomes and lost the double eyelid skin crease, there was no ptosis recurrence in these patients and no lagophthalmos occurred in any of the 173 patients.Conclusions: The authors found the misinserted anterior layer of the levator aponeurosis at the floor of preaponeurotic fat pad in blepharoptosis patients. Relocation of the anterior layer can provide predictable outcomes without lagophthalmos in blepharoptosis correction.     

眶隔筋膜瓣与额肌瓣重叠吻合悬吊矫正重度上睑下垂

目的:为更好地保持眼睑的原有结构,符合其生理和生物力学特点,探索一种治疗重度上睑下垂的新方法。方法:术中于眼轮匝肌下分离并显露眶隔筋膜至近眶上缘处,在眶隔表面设计一蒂位于睑板上缘的梯形瓣,按设计线全层切开眶隔,形成眶隔筋膜瓣。在患侧眉上形成一额肌瓣,将两瓣相互重叠缝合固定,上提睑缘至角膜上缘处,起到悬吊上睑、矫正下垂畸形的作用。结果:作者利用该方法对22例26侧重度上睑下垂的眼睑进行了治疗,随访病人17例,19侧眼睑,其中16侧眼睑取得了满意的效果,额肌收缩时患睑睁大两侧眼裂大小对称,可达到正常睑缘的位置。睑缘弧度及重睑外形满意。3侧眼睑矫正不完全,经二次手术修复得以矫正。讨论:作者认为利用眶隔筋膜形成的组织瓣与额肌瓣重叠吻合悬吊缝合,保持了眼睑的原有结构,具有手术损伤轻,上睑悬吊牢固,不易复发,睑缘和重睑线弧度及外观满意,畸形矫正效果良好,优于传统的单纯额肌悬吊术和上睑提肌腱膜瓣悬吊的方法。     

上睑提肌内限制韧带松解在治疗先天性上睑下垂中的意义

目的 在睑板上缘附近的上睑提肌内，有跨于内外眦角之间数条横向纤维束带即限制韧带，我们探讨其在治疗先天性上睑下垂中的意义。方法 将此韧带松解，可基本矫正大部分经度上睑下垂病例。若为轻，中度上睑下垂，且韧带松解后上睑仍有部分下垂，还需进行睑提肌腱膜折叠术。重度上睑下垂韧带松解后，还需进行眉区额肌筋膜瓣悬吊术。结果 本组27例随访3个月～1年，27例40只眼中38只眼轻、中、重度上睑下垂均矫正满意，2只眼良好，未见睑下垂复发。结论 松解上睑提肌内限制韧带，有助于恢复上睑提肌睑功能，易于矫正睑下垂且手术创伤小，形态自然，不易复发。     

眶隔释放前置重睑术的临床应用

目的：探讨一种具有上睑提升作用且不改变上睑提肌解剖形态的重睑成形方法。方法：采用重睑切口设计,去除切口下唇适量眼轮匝肌,离断眶隔与提上睑肌腱膜的融合,眶隔释放,离断眶隔脂肪与提上睑肌腱膜间束带连接,去除疝出的眶脂,眶隔膜断端下缘折叠、前置缝合于提上睑肌腱膜在睑板融合处,勾带提上睑肌腱膜缝合皮缘切口。结果：采用该法在形成自然重睑弧的同时,获得不同程度的上睑提升效果。结论：该方法未改变提上睑肌解剖形态,解除了眶隔膜与提上睑肌腱膜的融合、眶脂与提上睑肌腱膜间束带连接并将眶隔膜前置缝合,从而减轻了提上睑肌腱膜的上提阻力,加固和增强了提上睑肌腱膜-睑板的上提联动,获得了上睑提升的效果,增加了角膜暴露率,从而加强了重睑的效果。     

上睑提肌腱膜瓣与额肌瓣悬吊缝合矫正重度上睑下垂

目的：为克服单纯额肌瓣悬吊治疗重度上睑下垂存在的缺点，更好地保持眼睑的原有结构，使矫治后的眼睑符合其生理和生物力学特点。方法：在患侧分别形成额肌瓣和上睑提肌腱膜瓣，将两瓣相互重叠缝合固定，起到悬吊上睑、矫正下垂畸形的作用。结果：利用该方法对46例52侧重度上睑下垂的眼睑进行了治疗，随访患者24例，28侧眼睑，其中23侧眼睑取得了较满意的治疗效果，患睑睁大时额肌收缩两侧眼裂大小基本对称，可达到正常睑缘的位置。睑缘弧度及重睑线外形满意。5侧眼睑矫正不完全，仍有一定程度的下垂。结论：术者认为利用无功能的上睑提肌形成腱膜瓣与传统的额肌瓣重叠悬吊缝合，保持了眼睑的原有结构，具有上睑悬吊牢固、不易复发、睑缘和重睑线弧度及外观满意的优点，对畸形矫正效果良好，优于传统的单纯额肌悬吊术。     

A guide for determining center of levator aponeurosis and palpebral fissure width in blepharoptosis surgery

Formation of a natural upper eyelid curvature and elevation of the upper eyelid have to be accomplished in blepharoptosis surgery. We describe an easy and reproducible method to obtain a natural eyelid curvature. First, the mechanical center of the levator aponeurosis, representing the point where the surgeon can feel equal resistances from the medial and lateral sides of the aponeurosis, was determined. Then, the supra-pupillary point on eye opening, namely the center of the palpebral fissure, was secured by pulling the eyelid margin. When correctly pulled, the eyelid margin formed an isosceles triangle. The center of the levator aponeurosis was then fixed on the tarsus corresponding to the supra-pupillary point on eye opening. After determining the apex of the upper eyelid, additional sutures were made to obtain a quadratic curve of the upper eyelid, resulting in a natural eyelid curvature.     

重睑成形术后发生上睑下垂的原因分析及其防治

目的 探讨重睑术后发生上睑下垂的原因及早期防治方法，避免术后医疗纠纷的发生。方法 对拟做重睑术的患者，术前详细询问病史并认真查体。对18例术前发现有睁眼乏力或轻度上睑下垂者，采用切开法重睑术并同时行上睑提肌缩短术，对3例切开法重睑成形术后，出现上睑下垂并发症者即刻打开切口行上睑提肌缩短术；对5例埋线法术后出现上睑下垂者在7d内拆除缝线，重新设计重睑线。无论切开法或埋线法，如超过10d即均在3个月后再行切开法重睑成形术。结果 对26例术前存在或术后发现的轻度上睑下垂者重行手术修复，24例随访3个月至2年，医者与受术者双方满意或基本满意。结论只要遵循预防为主、早期发现、早期治疗的原则，重睑成形术后出现上睑下垂这一特殊并发症是可以治愈的。     

Strategies for Simultaneous Double Eyelid Blepharoplasty in Asian Patients With Congenital Blepharoptosis

Background Most patients with blepharoptosis prefer to undergo a double eyelid operation and a ptosis repair simultaneously to achieve the optimal cosmetic and functional result. However, it is difficult to achieve symmetry in patients with blepharoptosis. Methods Surgery was performed on the levator aponeurosis or frontalis muscle to correct blepharoptosis while double eyelid surgery was simultaneously performed to correct blephroptosis in 264 patients over the past 15 years. This report describes 39 representative cases of unilateral congenital blepharoptosis and 30 representative cases of bilateral congenital blepharoptosis. In cases of unilateral ptosis with good or fair levator function, a levator resection or plication was performed, and the position of the lid margin was adjusted to 1 to 2 mm below the upper limbus. Cases of severe unilateral blepharoptosis were corrected by frontalis muscle flap, orbicularis oculi muscle flap, or frontalis myofacial flap, and the height of the double eyelid was created to be 1 to 2 mm less than the height on the normal side. The position of the lid margin was adjusted to the level of the superior limbus, and the height of the lid crease of the ptotic eye was determined to be according to that on the nonptotic side. For bilateral ptosis patients with equal levator function, the height of the double eyelid was designed symmetrically. Bilateral blepharoptosis patients with unequal levator muscle function should have the double eyelids on both sides created the same as in normal cases, and they must be grafted in proportion to the severity of the blepharoptosis. If the results are unpredictable, the two-stage operation should be performed. Results Only 30% of the eyelids in this study were perfectly symmetric after the blepharoptosis operation, with 70% asymmetric. These 70% showed good symmetry immediately after surgery, but asymmetry occurred 6 months after the operation. Conclusion In blepharoptosis surgery, different techniques for double eyelids must be applied according to the method of ptosis correction used. Usually, the height of the double eyelid on the ptotic side should be a little less than the normal double eyelid height on the nonptotic side. However, it is difficult to achieve symmetric double eyelids in blepharoptosis patients.