下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全的瓣膜外修复成形术

目的研究和评价利用瓣膜外修复成形术治疗下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全的疗效。方法对下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全的２６例患者（３７条肢体）施以股静脉瓣膜外修复成形术。其中男１２例,女１４例;年龄１６～６９岁,平均年龄（５０８±１００）岁。所有肢体均施行股浅静脉第一对瓣膜外修复成形术,其中７条肢体加施股浅静脉第二对瓣膜外修复成形术,６条肢体加施股总静脉外瓣膜修复成形术。结果８１１％（３０／３７）的患肢静脉性跛行、酸胀、疼痛等症状消失,１８９％（７／３７）的患肢症状明显改善,所有肢体静脉曲张消失,７／９的肢体溃疡愈合。彩超复查除有４条肢体瓣膜功能不全Ⅰ～Ⅱ度外,其余肢体（８９２％）瓣膜功能恢复正常。结论深静脉外瓣膜修复成形术是治疗下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全比较理想和有效的方法     

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目的分析下肢深静脉瓣膜修复成形术治疗下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全的临床疗效。方法对下肢原发性深静脉瓣膜功能不全的101例116条肢体实施股静脉瓣膜外修复成形术,并利用静脉功能不全评分、双向彩超、流速剖面图彩超技术和空气体积描记仪(APG)等方法对其疗效进行分析。结果随访率87.9%,随访病例症状消失,96.1%的肢体浅静脉曲张消失无复发。13例溃疡肢体中有11条在术后3～6个月溃疡消失,2条明显缩小。术前Ⅲ度返流肢体术后90%以上静脉瓣膜功能达Ⅱ度以下,67.6%的瓣膜功能恢复正常或接近正常;静脉功能不全评分从术前15.33±1.83改善到术后5.07±0.60(P<0.01);术前Ⅳ度返流肢体术后80%以上静脉瓣膜功能达Ⅱ度以下,40.5%的瓣膜功能恢复正常或接近正常,静脉功能不全评分从术前17.38±2.67改善到术后7.25±1.12(P<0.01)。51例58条肢体经流速剖面图彩超检查示,术后静脉返流量均值比术前明显减少(P<0.01);经APG检测术后VFI均值比术前明显减少(P<0.01)。结论下肢深静脉瓣膜外修复成形术能有效地治疗深静脉瓣膜功能不全,并可大大改善血流动力学指标,对静脉性溃疡也有一定的疗效。     

股浅静脉第一对瓣膜环缩术治疗原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全(附40例报告)

目的 评估应用股浅静脉第一对瓣膜环缩术治疗原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全的疗效。方法 对原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全的40例患者(共45条下肢)施以股浅静脉第一对瓣膜环缩术．环缩材料选用7—0或6—0无损伤缝线。结果 经上述治疗后．全组病例术后随访2～24个月．临床症状均明显缓解。彩超复查88．6％(31／35)的患肢瓣膜无返流发生。结论 股浅静脉第一对瓣膜环缩术是治疗原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全比较理想和有效的方法。     

自体阔筋膜袢成形术治疗下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全

对下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全的105例患施行自体阔筋膜袢成形术，所有肢体同时行浅静脉手术。95．2％(100/105)的患下肢酸胀、沉重、水肿、疼痛等症状消失，所有患浅静脉曲张消失。合并溃疡的15例中愈合11例。皮肤色素沉着的50例中肤色恢复正常43例。经彩超复查90．5％(95／105)的病人深静脉瓣膜功能恢复正常，其余改善至Ⅰ—Ⅱ级。自体阔筋膜袢成形术能有效治疗下胶深静脉瓣膜功能不全。     

股浅静脉瓣膜环形缩窄术治疗原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全疗效评价

目的　评价股浅静脉瓣膜环形缩窄术治疗原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全的疗效和应用价值。方法　 97例 (97侧肢体 )经静脉顺行造影证实为原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全的患者分为A、B两组 ,A组 79例 ,B组 18例。A组行大隐静脉高位结扎剥脱术加交通支结扎术同时行股浅静脉瓣膜环形缩窄术 ,B组仅行大隐静脉高位结扎剥脱术加交通支结扎术。以CEAP临床分类与临床记分和顺行性下肢静脉造影评价疗效。结果　A、B两组术后临床记分均明显下降 (A组P <0 0 1;B组P <0 0 5 )。A组中C5～C6者手术效果较C2 ～C4者好 ;两组C2 ～C4者比较 ,A组手术效果优于B组。术后A组中 6 7侧患肢行顺行性下肢静脉造影 ,瓣膜功能恢复有效率为 83 5 8% (5 6 /6 7) ,显效率为 4 1 79% (2 8/6 7) ;B组 12侧患肢股浅静脉瓣膜功能恢复有效率为 33 33% ,两组有效率比较 ,有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　大隐静脉高位结扎加交通支结扎加股浅静脉瓣膜环形缩窄术 ,较大隐静脉高位结扎加交通支结扎术更有助于临床症状缓解和瓣膜形态功能的恢复。术前明确诊断为原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全患者 ,宜行股浅静脉瓣膜环形缩窄手术。     

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原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全 (DVI)是外科常见病。常合并交通支静脉功能不全。 1998年 4月至 2 0 0 2年3月 ,我们对 2 4例DVI合并交通静脉功能不全病人实施手术治疗。取得满意疗效。现报告如下。1　临床资料本组男 19例 ,女 5例。共 2 7条肢体。年龄 37～ 5 4岁(平均 46 13岁 )。病程 9～ 2 0年。浅静脉曲张 2 7条 ,足靴区色素沉着 2 7条 ,肢体酸胀感 2 7条 ,胫前区凹陷性水肿2 1条 ,足靴区溃疡 16条。 2 7条肢体均行下肢深静脉顺行造影 (有止血带法 ) [1] ,造影可见股浅静脉扩张 ,“竹节样”形态消失 ,造影剂均从功能不全的交通支静…     

股浅静脉外瓣膜修复成形术治疗下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全

为治疗下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全，作者采用股浅静脉外修复成形术治疗１０例１２条肢体。彩超和静脉造影示１２条肢体深静脉功能不全均在Ⅲ°－Ⅳ°。术后随访全组症状消失，３条肢体溃疡愈合，彩超复查１０条肢体瓣膜功能不全恢复正常，２条Ⅰ°－Ⅱ°。作者认为该术式在术中，术后并发症少，可与浅静脉手术同期进行，手术时间短，操作简便，易于推广使用。     

原发性静脉倒流性疾病的外科治疗

为治疗下肢原发性静脉倒流性疾病,作者采用经皮浅静脉连续环形缝扎术(PCCS)联合大隐静脉高位结扎+抽剥术和下肢深静脉辦膜重建术治疗208例274条肢体,男119例,女89例,平均年龄49.2±3.4岁,平均病程14.0±1.0年。经彩超和静脉顺行造影,有77％患肢有深静脉瓣膜功能不全。术后随访率73.1％,随访平均时间6.5±0.5年。行PCCS+大隐静脉高位结扎+抽剥术的肢体有7.6％浅静脉曲张复发,23.4％症状复发,16.1％溃疡复发,复发病例均为深静脉瓣膜功能不全Ⅱ°以上。行股浅静脉外瓣膜修复成形术者,症状体征全部消失,瓣膜功能恢复正常。PCCS联合大隐静脉高位结扎+抽剥术是治疗下肢浅静脉曲张比较理想的手术方法。深静脉瓣膜功能不全Ⅱ°～Ⅲ°以上者,可同期行股浅静脉外瓣膜修复成形术。     

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目的研究下肢深静脉瓣膜外成形术的临床应用价值。方法自2001年1月至2002年10月，四川省人民医院选择经静脉造影或彩色多普勒检查确诊为原发性下肢静脉瓣膜功能不全的37条患肢行静脉瓣膜外成形术。结果31条患肢随访6个月至2年，疗效良好者30条，轻度肿胀1条。经彩色多普勒检查，均无返流。结论深静脉瓣膜外成形术方法简便，不需阻断、切开深静脉，只要操作正确，术后并发症少，是治疗原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全的首选术式。     

术中超声辅助下腔外瓣膜成形术治疗原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全

目的探讨术中超声辅助下腔外瓣膜成形术对原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全（PDVI）的治疗效果和应用价值。方法回顾性分析我院从2004年10月至2009年2月PDVI患者63例（74条肢体）,CEAP分级：C274条肢体,C317条肢体,C436条肢体,c513条肢体,C68条肢体。下肢顺行静脉造影提示深静脉返流Ⅱ～Ⅳ级,浅静脉迂曲扩张。在术中超声辅助下行腔外瓣膜成形术,同时行大隐静脉激光烧灼术及小腿交通静脉点状剥脱术。结果术后所有患者症状全部消失,下肢慢性溃疡者在2～4周愈合,色素沉着逐渐改善。术后6个月进行患肢VCSS评分,表明症状明显缓解,术后6个月复查彩超表明瓣膜成形处直径及返流时间与术前比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）,48例患者术后随访1～5年无复发。结论术中超声辅助下腔外瓣膜成形术治疗PDVI,方法客观,疗效确切。     

Effect of external valvuloplasty of the deep vein in the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency of the lower extremity

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to verify the efficacy of external valvuloplasty of the femoral vein in the treatment of primary chronic venous insufficiency (PCVI). METHODS: Forty patients with PCVI of the bilateral lower extremities were enrolled at the time of surgical management. All 80 limbs were classified as CEAP C2 to C4, with moderate incompetence of the deep vein. The limbs of each patient were randomized into one of two groups according to the operative method, so that when one limb was randomized to group A, regardless of whether it was the right or left limb, the other limb was assigned to group B. In group A, external valvuloplasty of the femoral vein was combined with surgery of the superficial venous system; in group B, surgery of the superficial venous system alone was performed. The therapeutic effects between the limbs in groups A and B were compared by color duplex scanning, a color Doppler velocity profile, air plethysmography (APG), and a CEAP severity score at 1 month, 1 year, and 3 years postoperatively. RESULTS: Within each group of limbs, no significant differences were found in the average operative time within each group of limbs. The varicose veins resolved, there were no deep vein thromboses, and the wounds healed well postoperatively in all cases. Leg heaviness was relieved completely in 90% of group A limbs (36/40) and 55% of group B limbs (22/40). Venous valve competence was achieved in 100%, 98.1%, and 90.9% of group A limbs at 1 month, 1 year, and 3 years postoperatively, respectively. The amount of venous reflux, APG indices, and CEAP severity scores were not significantly different between the two groups preoperatively (P > .05). The amount of venous reflux, reflux indices, CEAP severity scores, and muscle pumping indices improved markedly in group A limbs postoperatively compared with group B limbs (P < .01); muscle pumping indices did not improve significantly in group B limbs postoperatively (P > .05). There were significant differences in the amount of venous reflux, reflux indices, and CEAP severity scores between group A and B limbs at 1 month and 1 year postoperatively (P < .01). There were significant differences in all parameters assessed between group A and B limbs 3 years postoperatively (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: External valvuloplasty of the femoral vein combined with surgical repair of the superficial venous system improved the hemodynamic status of the lower limbs, restored valvular function more effectively, and achieved better outcomes than surgical repair of the superficial venous system alone.     

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目的探讨下肢浅静脉剥脱术后病人深静脉反流程度的变化。方法 2007年1月至2009年1月承德医学院附属医院血管外科收治下肢静脉曲张合并有节段性深静脉反流的病人46例,对其共48条下肢采用传统手术治疗,超声观察下肢深静脉反流程度,应用临床表现严重程度评分(VCSS)评估临床症状的改善情况。结果 42例病人随访2年,术后2年VCSS为1.95±1.78,低于术前(6.33±1.78),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。2年后超声检查深静脉反流程度无改变肢体22条,改善14条,加重6条,手术前后深静脉反流程度差异无统计学意义。不同CEAP分级的反流程度的改善差异无统计学意义(P=0.359)。结论浅静脉剥脱术后能改善伴有深静脉反流病人的临床症状,对部分病人可改善深静脉反流程度,改善程度与CEAP分级不相关。     

In situ hemodynamics of perforating veins in chronic venous insufficiency

PURPOSE: The prevalence of incompetent perforators increases linearly with the clinical severity of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) and the presence of deep vein incompetence. Putative transmission of deep vein pressure to skin may cause dermal hypoxia and ulceration. Despite extensive prospective interest in the contribution of perforators toward CVI, their hemodynamic role remains controversial. The aim of this prospective study was to determine the in situ hemodynamic performance of incompetent perforating veins across the clinical spectrum of CVI, by means of duplex ultrasonography. METHODS: A total of 265 perforating veins of 90 legs that had clinical signs and symptoms consistent with CVI in 67 patients referred consecutively to the blood flow laboratory were studied. The clinical distribution of the examined limbs was CEAP(0), 10 limbs; CEAP(1-2), 39 limbs; CEAP(3-4), 21 limbs; and CEAP(5-6), 20 limbs. With the use of gated-Doppler ultrasonography on real-time B-mode imaging, the flow velocity waveforms were obtained from the lumen of perforators on release of manual distal leg compression in the sitting position and analyzed for peak and mean velocities, time to peak velocity, volume flow, venous volume displaced outward, and flow pulsatility. The diameter and duration of outward flow (abnormal reflux > 0.5 seconds) were also measured. RESULTS: Incompetent perforators had bigger diameters, higher peak and mean velocities and volume flow, longer time to peak velocity, and bigger venous volume displaced outward (VV(outward)) than competent perforators (all, P <.0001). The diameter of incompetent perforators did not change significantly with CEAP class (all, P >.1). Incompetent thigh and lower-third calf perforators had a significantly bigger diameter than perforators in the upper and middle calf combined (both, P <.05), in incompetent perforators: reflux duration was unaffected by CEAP class or site (P >.3); peak velocity was higher in those in CEAP(3-4) than those in CEAP(1-2) (P =.024); mean velocity in those in CEAP(3-6) during the first second of reflux was twice that of those in CEAP(1-2) (P <.0001); both higher volume flow and VV(outward) were found in the thigh perforators than those in the upper and middle calf thirds (P <.03); CEAP(3-6) volume flow and VV(outward), both in the first second, were twice that in those in CEAP(1-2) (P <.002); flow pulsatility in those in CEAP(5-6) was lower than in those in CEAP(1-2) (P =.014); in deep vein incompetence, higher peak velocity, volume flow, VV(outward), and diameter occurred than in its absence (P <.01). CEAP designation correlated significantly with mean velocity and flow pulsatility, both in the first second (r = 0.3, P <.01). The flow direction pattern in perforator incompetence was uniform across the CVI spectrum: inward on distal manual limb compression, and outward on its release; competent perforators had a smaller percentage of outward flow on limb compression (P <.01). CONCLUSION: In addition to an increase in diameter, perforator incompetence is characterized by significantly higher mean and peak flow velocities, volume flow, and venous volume displaced outward, and a lower flow pulsatility. Differences in early reflux enable a better hemodynamic stratification of incompetent perforators in CVI classes. In the presence of deep reflux, incompetent perforators sustain further hemodynamic impairment. In situ hemodynamics enable quantification of the function of perforators and can be used in the identification of the clinically relevant perforators and the impact of surgery.     

Role of superficial venous surgery in patients with combined superficial and segmental deep venous reflux.

OBJECTIVES: superficial venous surgery heals chronic venous ulceration (CVU) in the majority of patients with isolated superficial venous reflux (SVR). This study examines the role of superficial venous surgery in patients with combined SVR and segmental deep venous reflux (DVR). METHODS: combined SVR and segmental DVR was diagnosed by venous duplex in 53 limbs in 49 patients (24 men and 25 women of median age 66, range 27-90, years). Fourteen limbs had varicose veins (CEAP class 2-4) and 39 (74%) had active CVU (CEAP class 6). Duplex ultrasound was performed before and three months after local anaesthetic superficial venous surgery. Perforator vein surgery, skin grafting and compression bandaging or hosiery were not used. RESULTS: forty-two limbs with long saphenous vein (LSV) reflux underwent sapheno-femoral disconnection, 10 with short saphenous vein (SSV) reflux underwent sapheno-popliteal disconnection and one limb with LSV and SSV reflux had sapheno-femoral and sapheno-popliteal disconnection. Segmental DVR was confined to the superficial femoral vein (SFV) in 16 limbs, below knee popliteal vein (BKPV) in 25 and gastrocnemius vein (GV) in 12 limbs. Overall, duplex demonstrated post-operative resolution of segmental DVR in 26 of 53 (49%) limbs. Resolution of segmental SFV reflux occurred in 12 of 16 (75%) limbs compared with 14 of 37 (38%) limbs with segmental BKPV or GV reflux (p=0.018). Segmental DVR resolved in 19 of 39 (49%) limbs with CVU and ulcer healing occurred in 30 of 39 (77%) limbs at 12 months with a median time to healing of 61 (range 14-352) days. Segmental DVR resolved in 14 of 30 (47%) limbs with a healed ulcer: 7 of 9 (78%) limbs with SFV and 7 of 21 (33%) with BKPV or GV reflux (p=0.046). CONCLUSIONS: these data demonstrate that in patients with combined SVR and segmental DVR, superficial venous surgery alone corrects DVR in almost 50% of limbs and is associated with ulcer healing in 77% of limbs at 12 months. These findings suggest an extended role for superficial venous surgery in the management of patients with complicated venous disease.     

Comparative evaluation of duplex-derived parameters in patients with chronic venous insufficiency: correlation with clinical manifestations

BACKGROUND: Quantification of venous reflux is still a matter of debate. Our goal was to compare the duplex-derived parameters between patients with early and advanced chronic venous insufficiency (CVI), and to determine indicative parameters reflecting the progression of CVI. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 1,132 limbs in 914 patients with primary valvular incompetence were included. Clinical manifestations were categorized according to the CEAP (clinical, etiologic, anatomic, and pathophysiologic) classification, and the patients were divided into two groups: group I (those with relatively early CVI, C(1-3)E(P),A(S,D,P),P(R)) and group II (those with advanced CVI, C(4-6)E(P),A(S,D,P),P(R)). The distribution of venous insufficiency was determined, and the parameters assessed were the duration of reflux (s), the peak reflux velocity (cm/s), and the flow at peak reflux (mL/s). RESULTS: There was no notable difference in overall superficial venous reflux between the groups, and the frequency of isolated deep and perforator incompetence did not differ between the groups. The duration of reflux did not improve the discrimination power between the groups. In contrast, the peak reflux velocity had significant discrimination power at the saphenofemoral junction (p < 0.0001), the saphenopopliteal junction (p = 0.0002), in the greater saphenous vein (p < 0.0001), in the superficial femoral vein (p = 0.0041), and in the popliteal vein (p = 0.003). The peak reflux flow was significantly higher in group II at the saphenofemoral junction (p < 0.0001), the saphenopopliteal junction (p = 0.0029), in the greater saphenous vein (p < 0.0001), in the common femoral vein (p = 0.006), in the superficial femoral vein (p = 0.0005), and in the popliteal vein (p = 0.0003). CONCLUSIONS: Superficial venous insufficiency might play a major role in the development of advanced CVI. The peak reflux velocity and peak reflux volume improve discrimination power between early-stage and advanced CVI.     

Quantitative Assessment of Superficial Venous Insufficiency Using Duplex Ultrasound and Air Plethysmography

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to quantitatively evaluate venous reflux in limbs with isolated superficial venous insufficiency using color duplex ultrasound. In addition, air plethysmography (APG) was used to investigate possible correlations of duplex-derived peak velocity, duration of reflux, and CEAP classification. METHODS: One hundred and forty-six legs in 109 patients with isolated superficial venous insufficiency refluxing throughout the length of the limb were selected for prospective study by duplex scan. Reflux was defined as duration of reflux >/=0. 5 seconds. This study was conducted in a university hospital. Venous reflux was evaluated with the patients standing, by the duration of reflux, retrograde peak velocity, reflux volume at the saphenofemoral and saphenopopliteal junction as well as the greater saphenous vein in the thigh. Values obtained by APG were the venous volume (VV), venous filling index (VFI), ejection fraction (EF), and residual venous fraction (RVF). A significant difference was defined as P <.05. Three groups of limbs were analyzed: group A limbs with a retrograde peak velocity greater than 30 cm/second and a duration of reflux of less than 3 seconds; group B with a retrograde peak velocity >/=30 cm/second and a duration of more than 3 seconds; and group C with a retrograde peak velocity of less than 30 cm/second and a duration of reflux of more than 3 seconds. RESULTS: Groups A and B contained 103 limbs, and 24 of these were in CEAP class 5 and 6. Group C contained 43 limbs, none of which were in class 5 or 6. APG demonstrated significant reflux in group A, and VFI was significantly higher compared to group B and group C (P =.0007 and P =.0064, respectively). A significant correlation was demonstrated between peak retrograde reflux velocity and VFI. CONCLUSIONS: Severe chronic venous insufficiency is found in limbs with high reflux velocity (greater than 30 cm/second) and the duration of reflux does not correlate with severe chronic insufficiency.     

Treatment of superficial and perforator venous incompetence without deep venous insufficiency: is routine perforator ligation necessary?

PURPOSE: We investigated whether routine ligation of incompetent perforator veins is necessary in treatment of symptomatic chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) due to combined superficial and perforator vein incompetence, without deep venous insufficiency. METHODS: This was a retrospective review of prospectively collected data. Twenty-four limbs with both superficial and perforator venous incompetence but no deep venous insufficiency were identified at venous duplex scanning. Air plethysmography (APG) was performed preoperatively, to obtain venous volume (VV), venous filling index (VFI), ejection fraction (EF), and residual volume fraction (RVF) of the affected limb. Saphenous vein stripping from the groin to knee and powered transilluminated phlebectomy for varicosity ablation were performed in all patients. Postoperatively, all patients underwent duplex scanning and APG to determine the status of the perforator veins and hemodynamic improvement from surgery. RESULTS: Average patient age was 55.8 years; 62% of patients were women. CVI was class 3 in 4 limbs, class 4 in 12 limbs, and class 5 and class 6 in 4 limbs each. Postoperative duplex scans demonstrated that 71% of previously incompetent perforator vessels were now competent or absent. Significant improvement in all APG values was documented after superficial surgery. VFI improved from 6.0 +/- 2.9 preoperatively to 2.2 +/- 1.3 after surgery (P <.001); EF improved from 56.3 +/- 18 to 62 +/- 21 (P =.02); and RVF improved from 40.1 +/- 19 to 28.3 +/- 18 (P =.009). Mean preoperative symptom score (5.3 +/- 1.9) was significantly improved at mean follow-up of 18.3 months (1.4 +/- 1.2; P <.001). CONCLUSION: Patients with superficial and perforator vein incompetence and a normal deep venous system experienced significant improvement in APG-measured hemodynamic parameters and clinical symptom score after superficial ablative surgery alone. This suggests that ligation of the perforator veins can be reserved for patients with persistent incompetent perforator vessels, with abnormal hemodynamic parameters or continued symptoms after superficial ablative surgery.     

Underlying factors influencing the development of the post-thrombotic limb

PURPOSE: This study was designed to determine whether patients having underlying venous disease in their contralateral limbs indicates a more severe long-term clinical outcome in the ipsilateral limb after a deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and to determine what other factors may influence the long-term outcome. METHODS: An acute DVT was initially diagnosed by means of duplex ultrasound scanning. Follow-up clinical examinations and bilateral duplex reflux studies were performed for a mean period as long as 3 years. The patients were divided into two groups: group I, those with no history of a contralateral DVT, and group II, those with a history of a contralateral DVT. The patients were classified at their final examination according to the Clinical, Etiology, Anatomic, Pathophysiologic (CEAP) classification, and the ipsilateral and contralateral limbs were compared. Predisposing factors were compared with the final clinical outcome. RESULTS: Sixty-three patients were monitored in a mean follow-up period of 3 years. There was a significant difference in the incidence of symptoms between the ipsilateral limbs (P <.01) and the contralateral limbs (P <.001) for both groups. There was no significant difference between the incidence of superficial reflux between the ipsilateral and contralateral limbs, but the deep venous system and perforator veins were involved more often in the ipsilateral limbs. In group I, only six patients (10%) had no evidence of venous dysfunction (CEAP = 0) in their ipsilateral or contralateral limbs at the time of the final examination, and all patients had reversible risk factors. Of patients who had a mild clinical outcome (CEAP score, 1 to 3), 64% had a healthy contralateral limb, and the remaining 36% had mild to moderate disease. Eighty percent of patients with the most severe clinical outcome (CEAP > 3) had mild to moderate venous disease in their contralateral limb and had nonreversible risk factors. CONCLUSION: There are a significant number of patients with an acute DVT who had an underlying venous disease in the uninvolved contralateral limb. An ipsilateral post-thrombotic limb is more likely to develop in patients with primary venous reflux after an acute DVT. The level of venous dysfunction in the contralateral limb is an indication of the severity of disease developing in the ipsilateral limb. The initial risk factors of the patients have an influence on the final clinical outcome.     

Hemodynamic and clinical improvement after superficial vein ablation in primary combined venous insufficiency with ulceration

Purpose: This study was undertaken to determine the degree of clinical and hemodynamic improvement after surgical ablation of incompetent superficial and perforator veins in limbs with combined deep and superficial venous incompetence manifested by chronic dermal ulceration.Methods: Eleven limbs in 10 patients with class 5 or 6 venous insufficiency (ulceration) were assessed by CEAP (clinical, etiologic, anatomic, pathophysiologic) clinical scores, air plethysmography, color duplex ultrasonography, and phlebography (both ascending and descending). Surgical ablation of superficial and perforating veins was performed, followed by repeat clinical, air plethysmographic, and color duplex ultrasonographic examinations.Results: All 11 limbs had combined deep and superficial vein reflux on the preoperative color duplex ultrasound scan. Clinical symptom scores decreased from 10 to 1.4 after operation. Postoperative air plethysmography demonstrated significant reduction in reflux as measured by the mean venous filling index, which decreased from 12 ± 5 ml/sec to 2.7 ± 1 ml/sec after surgery. Calf pump function was also significantly improved, with a mean ejection fraction that increased from 43% ± 11 to 59% ± 13 and mean residual volume fraction that decreased from 56% ± 15 to 33% ± 16. Each of these measures was significantly different from the preoperative value (p < 0.05). Similar improvement characterized subgroups of limbs with three or more incompetent deep segments (n = 6) or popliteal segment incompetence (n = 6).Conclusions: Superficial and perforating vein incompetence accounts for a substantial and correctable component of venous insufficiency in limbs with combined deep and superficial vein reflux and venous ulceration. These data indicate that surgical correction of this component significantly improves clinical symptoms and venous hemodynamics. Superficial and perforator ablation is an appropriate initial step in the management of combined deep and superficial venous incompetence. (J Vasc Surg 1996;24:711-8.)     

浅静脉剥脱术治疗合并深浅静脉反流的下肢静脉曲张

目的 探讨下肢浅静脉剥脱术对合并深、浅静脉反流的静脉曲张的疗效.方法 2004年1月至2006年12月选取合并深浅静脉反流患者20例共22条下肢,以单纯浅静脉反流患者22例共27条下肢为对照,采用传统静脉剥脱手术方法治疗.以静脉临床严重程度评分(venous clinical severity score,VCSS)临床评分体系以及彩色多普勒超声检查观察二组术前以及术后2年临床症状改善以及深静脉反流程度的变化.结果 深浅静脉反流组和单纯浅静脉反流组术前VCSS分别为(7.1±2.9)分和(6.6±2.0)分,差异无统计学意义(P=0.44).术后两组VCSS分别为(2.3±1.2)分和(1.8±0.8)分,差异无统计学意义(P=0.13).随访两年各组手术前后VCSS评分差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),2年后超声检查深浅静脉反流组中深静脉反流程度无改变肢体11条,改善7条,加重4条,单纯浅静脉反流组4个肢体出现深静脉反流.结论 浅静脉剥脱术可改善合并深静脉反流患者的临床症状,对深静脉反流总体无影响.