旋毛虫孔雀绿染色标本制作

孔雀绿是一种弱碱性胞核染料，也是一种很好的指示剂。纪伟华等用孔雀绿染色法制作的带绦虫妊娠节片标本，子宫与周围组织清楚。旋毛虫标本常通过卡红或苏木精染色制作永久标本，作者首次用孔雀绿染色法制作旋毛虫标本。     

绦虫永久染色标本的制作技术

目的制作绦虫玻片染色标本用于教学和科研。方法用墨汁染色法制作绦虫妊娠节片玻片标本,卡红染色法制作绦虫成熟节片、头节和囊尾蚴玻片标本。结果妊娠节片、成熟节片、头节和囊尾蚴经染色制片后特征结构明显可见。如妊娠节片染色标本清晰可见染成墨汁颜色的子宫主干和分支状的子宫侧支,节片一侧边缘中部可见突出的生殖腔;成熟节片染色标本均染成红色,内有着色更深的雌雄生殖系统各一套。结论墨汁染色和卡红染色制作带绦虫染色标本效果好,可永久保存。     

旋毛虫孔雀绿染色标本制作

孔雀绿是一种弱碱性胞核染料 ,也是一种很好的指示剂。纪伟华等[1] 用孔雀绿染色法制作的带绦虫妊娠节片标本 ,子宫与周围组织清楚。旋毛虫标本常通过卡红或苏木精染色制作永久标本[2 ] ,作者首次用孔雀绿染色法制作旋毛虫标本。1　材料和方法1.1　材料1.1.1　成虫　每只小鼠感染 5 0 0条肌幼虫 ,第 6d禁食 1d ,于第 7d处死 ,取出小肠并纵行剪开 ,无菌生理盐水洗去肠内容物 ,将小肠剪成 2～ 3cm长的小段 ,放入盛有 3 7℃预温的无菌生理盐水的大平皿内 ,置 3 7℃恒温培养箱中孵育 2h～ 3h ,成虫从肠壁钻出 ,反复用无菌生理盐水漂洗、沉淀收集…     

家蝇卵巢标本染色方法的探讨

目的探讨制作结构清晰,颜色鲜明,能长期保存的家蝇卵巢标本的染色方法。方法采用孔雀绿染色法。并与1%醋酸卡红染色法进行对比。结果固定的卵巢经4%孔雀绿水溶液室温(25℃)染色12h效果最佳。不同发育阶段卵巢的不同部位对孔雀绿的吸附力不同。卵巢发育早期,细胞核染为亮绿色,细胞质染为浅绿色;卵巢发育晚期,卵壳染为亮绿色,并具有清晰的纹络;各个发育阶段的卵巢管管壁及卵巢周围组织不着色。标本染色反差明显,具有立体感,易观察。结论用孔雀绿染色法制作的家蝇卵巢标本在教学及家蝇防制科研工作中有实用价值。     

家蝇卵巢标本染色方法的探讨

目的 探讨制作结构清晰，颜色鲜明，能长期保存的家蝇卵巢标本的染色方法。方法采用孔雀绿染色法。并与1％醋酸卡红染色法进行对比。结果固定的卵巢经4％孔雀绿水溶液室温（25℃）染色12h效果最佳。不同发育阶段卵巢的不同部位对孔雀绿的吸附力不同。卵巢发育早期，细胞核染为亮绿色，细胞质染为浅绿色；卵巢发育晚期，卵壳染为亮绿色，并具有清晰的纹络；各个发育阶段的卵巢管管壁及卵巢周围组织不着色。标本染色反差明显，具有立体感，易观察。结论用孔雀绿染色法制作的家蝇卵巢标本在教学及家蝇防制科研工作中有实用价值。     

制作细粒棘球绦虫原头蚴染色标本方法的初探

目的　探索制作结构清晰、颜色鲜明、能长期保存的细粒棘球绦虫原头蚴标本的方法。　方法　孔雀绿染色法 :将原头蚴分别用 1%、2 %和 4 %孔雀绿水溶液 ,在室温或 36℃染色 2 4 h、4 8h和 72 h。　结果　 4 %孔雀绿水溶液 ,36℃ ,染色 4 8h为最佳条件。染色后原头蚴头钩呈亮绿色 ,而吸盘和实质部分无色透明 ,标本的对比性和立体感强。　结论　用孔雀绿染色法制作原头蚴标本在临床诊断和教学中有实用价值。     

制作细粒棘球绦虫原头蚴染色标本方法的初探

目的 探索制作结构清晰、颜色鲜明、能长期保存的细粒棘球绦虫原头蚴标本的方法。方法 孔雀绿染色法：将原头蚴分别用1％、2％和4％孔雀绿水溶液，在室温或36℃染色24h、48h和72h。结果 4％孔雀绿水溶液，36℃，染色48h为最佳条件。染色后原头蚴头钩呈亮绿色，而吸盘和实质部分无色透明，标本的对比性和立体感强。结论 用孔雀绿染色法制作原头蚴标本在临床诊断和教学中有实用价值。     

人工感染牛囊尾蚴试验报告

本试验为得到大量牛囊尾蚴以制作教学用标本,解决教学标本奇缺的问题,同时观察囊尾蚴在牛体的分布情况。 一、方法 从患者驱出完整活的牛带绦虫成虫中,筛出脱落的妊娠节片100节,置生理盐水内,于4℃冰箱存1～2d备用.另购出生20d小公奶牛一只(重约50kg),将上述节片分两次(间隔三d)人工经口灌入小牛消化道内,第一次40个节片,第二次60个节片,进行饲养。 二、对感染后小公奶牛的观察     

两种吸虫复染制片技术的探究

采用醋酸卡红溶液和孔雀绿水溶液,对固定后的华支睾吸虫和布氏姜片虫标本进行复合染色。醋酸卡红对两种吸虫标本进行单染。复染法使得标本虫体呈三色,消化系统、排泄系统和周围肌肉组织均为浅红色,生殖器官中的子宫呈现鲜绿色,虫体两侧卵黄腺为黄褐色,虫体结构清晰、着色适度、立体感强。醋酸卡红染液单染对吸虫睾丸组织的显现力更强。在吸虫的教学和科研工作中,结合使用单染法和复染法,观察效果将会更好。     

人工感染犬多头多头绦虫组织结构的观察

目的观察人工感染家犬肠道中多头多头绦虫(Multiceps multiceps)的显微和超微结构。方法收集自然感染的羊脑多头蚴,分别经口感染2只6月龄雄性家犬(80~100个/只)。感染后67 d,取家犬肠道中多头多头绦虫成虫,常规方法固定后,分离多头多头绦虫的头节、颈节、成熟节片和未成熟节片,制备石蜡切片和电镜超薄切片,分别进行苏木素-伊红(HE)染色和醋酸双氧铀染色后,用光学显微镜和透射电镜观察。结果光镜下见多头多头绦虫成虫各节片均可分为皮质层和髓质层。电镜下皮质层的基本结构为绒毛、合胞体和基质,髓质层主要为肌肉组织,以排泄系统、生殖系统为主。头节的绒毛层比颈节、成节的薄,绒毛最长的部位主要分布在节片的结合部位。头节部位肌肉组织发达。神经系统和排泄系统见于各节片。成熟节片有雌性、雄性生殖器官各一套。孕卵节片中的雄性生殖器官萎缩,主要以子宫和虫卵为主。结论多头多头绦虫显微结构的特别之处在于皮质部位的绒毛以圆柱状为主,成熟节片间的连接部位的微绒毛比成熟节片其他部位的微绒毛长。     

酸性胃蛋白酶法收集猪带绦虫虫卵的实验研究

目的　建立收集绦虫卵的新方法。　方法　用 1%酸性胃蛋白酶溶液消化猪带绦虫孕节 ,观察不同条件下消化孕节收集虫卵的时间 ;比较酸性胃蛋白酶法与物理法收集的虫卵数量及其孵化后六钩蚴存活率 ;观察 1%酸性胃蛋白酶消化孕节 40min和 12 0min收集的虫卵以次氯酸钠法孵化后虫卵孵化率及六钩蚴存活率。　结果　 1%酸性胃蛋白酶振荡条件下消化孕节收集虫卵时间短于普通条件下的时间 (P <0 .0 1) ,消化剪碎孕节时间短于消化完整孕节时间 (P<0 .0 1) ;酸性胃蛋白酶法收集虫卵的数量较物理法提高 6.975 % ;酸性胃蛋白酶法和物理法收集的虫卵以次氯酸钠法孵化后孵化率及六钩蚴存活率差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;1%酸性胃蛋白酶消化孕节 40min和 12 0min收集的虫卵以次氯酸钠法孵化后孵化率及六钩蚴存活率差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。　结论　成功建立了较为适用的新的猪带绦虫虫卵收集方法—酸性胃蛋白酶法。     

阿苯达唑、氟苯达唑和甲苯达唑对微小膜壳绦虫作用的形态学和组织化学的观察

应用形态学及组织化学方法，观察比较阿苯达唑、氟苯达唑和甲苯达唑对微小膜壳绦虫的杀虫作用机理。实验结果表明，阿苯达唑与氟苯达唑作用机理相同，均使虫体破坏，对糖代谢有明显干扰作用，对酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶活性无变化，甲苯达唑无上述作用。     

MEASUREMENT OF THE 24 HOUR INTEGRATED PLASMA CONCENTRATION OF GROWTH HORMONE, IN ASSESSING THE RESPONSE OF ACROMEGALIC PATIENTS TO TREATMENT

The integrated concentration of growth hormone (ICGH) has been measured in fourteen acromegalic patients, and compared with the basal plasma growth hormone concentration (BGH). Seven patients were treated by trans-sphenoidal pituitary surgery, and in these, similar percentage reductions of BGH and ICGH occurred after treatment. The other seven patients were treated with bromocriptine alone, and in these the percentage reduction of ICGH was significantly less than that of BGH. Measurements of basal plasma growth hormone concentration may be unreliable in assessing the response of acromegalic patients to treatment with bromocriptine. The ICGH can be measured easily on a single blood specimen obtained by continuous sampling over 24 h, and may be more reliable for this purpose.     

STANDARDIZATION OF THE QUICK PROTHROMBIN TEST: WITH REFERENCE TO THE STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF VARIATIONS IN THE PROTHROMBIN CONCENTRATION WITH USE OF A STABLE THROMBOPLASTIN OF HIGH POTENCY

A large specimen of human brain, obtained at autopsy, was dehydrated andstored in an evacuated desiccator. Portions of the material were removed whenneeded and the desiccator was re-evacuated. Under these conditions there was noloss of thromboplastic potency over a period of two years.

See PDF for Table

See PDF for Table

The dry oxalate mixture (6 mg. of ammonium oxalate and 4 mg. of potassiumoxalate) was used as an anticoagulant in order to obtain plasma for the prothrombin tests.

With the specimen of thromboplastin used in these experiments, normal standards for the Quick prothrombin test were found as shown in table 8. These resultsdo not necessarily mean that the normal range of prothrombin concentrations isfrom 75 to 140 per cent of the actual amount of prothrombin in the plasma of theaverage normal subject. They mean only that with the methods here employed,values within this range may be expected to occur.

There was no significant difference between the prothrombin values obtainedin a group of normal subjects by methods using diluted or undiluted plasma. Inrepeated tests on the same subject there appeared to be slightly greater accuracywhen the tests were performed on diluted plasma, but there was no significantdifference between the results obtained with plasma diluted to 50 or to 25 per centof its original concentration.

Repeated tests on diluted and undiluted plasma from the same normal subjectproduced the range of normal variation about the various prothrombin concentrations shown in table 9.

The normal variation that may be expected to occur at any given prothrombinlevel must be considered in interpreting the variations that appear after administration of vitamin K or dicumarol.

The use of a single specimen of blood from one random normal subject as a normalstandard may lead to considerable error, because of unavoidable technical variablesand because of differences in the prothrombin concentrations of different normalsubjects. To establish reliable normal standards, the blood of at least 5 normalsubjects should be individually tested with the same specimen of thromboplastinand the results averaged.

     

肝细胞癌中血管生成拟态的三维细胞培养观察

目的 研究肝癌中是否存在血管生成拟态,探讨肝癌血管的形成机理。方法 应用基质胶和I型胶原分别构建肝癌细胞株HepG2的三维培养模型,进行PAS、HE染色和扫描电镜观察是否有形成血管样结构。结果 在肝癌细胞三维培养72小时后,伸出细长突起,彼此相互连接,形成环状和网络样结构;经PAS染色,可见环状PAS阳性图案,经HE染色可见肝癌细胞形成网状结构;在扫描电镜下可观察到肝癌细胞在三维培养基中彼此相互连接,形成管状结构。结论 肝癌细胞具有自身变形形成血管样结构的能力。肿瘤细胞似可通过血管生成拟态结构获得充足的血液供应。     

Seasonal variation in plasma catecholamines and adipose tissue lipolysis in adult female green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas)

We investigated three aspects of potential interrenal regulation of reproduction in female green sea turtles, Chelonia mydas. First, seasonal trends in plasma catecholamines were examined from female C. mydas at different stages of their reproductive cycles. Second, variation in catecholamine levels during a nesting season were analysed in relation to restraint time, and ecological variables such as nesting habitat, body size, and reproductive investment. Third, catecholamine and corticosterone (CORT) induced lipolysis was investigated with adipose tissue collected from gravid green turtles, using in vitro incubations. Plasma epinephrine (EPI) was lowest in non-vitellogenic (1.55 +/- 0.26 ng/ml) and post-breeding (1.57 +/- 0.22 ng/ml) females, and highest in courting females (2.87 +/- 0.28). Concentrations of norepinephrine (NE) and EPI were relatively constant throughout a nesting season, and not significantly related to restraint time, reproductive investment or nesting habitat. In vitro concentrations of CORT (>3 ng/ml) and NE (2 ng/ml) induced significant release of glycerol after 6h of incubation. Epinephrine tended to induce an antilipolytic affect at low concentrations (0.25 ng/ml) and a net lipolytic response at higher concentrations (>1 ng/ml). Our data suggest that EPI may play a role in regulating body condition during vitellogenesis, and maintaining energy stores during prolonged aphagia during courtship and nesting in female green sea turtles. Furthermore, we provide preliminary evidence that suggests that catecholamine production may be either down regulated or de-sensitised in gravid female C. mydas.     

A Case of Funnel Liver Induced by Dimethylformamide

Abstract: The laparoscopic and histological findings of a patient suffering from dimethylformamide (DMF) intoxication are discussed. A 20-year-old man was admitted to our department for further evaluation of a liver injury. A laparoscopy revealed that the liver was markedly deformed by a combination of depressions and protuberances, and this finding was compatible with the funnel liver reported by H. Kalk. After an intravenous injection of high dose indocyanine green, broad whitish depressions appeared as a non-staining area and surrounding protuberances were stained a dark green color. A biopsy specimen taken from the site of the depression showed massive hepatic necrosis and a scar under the capsule. The histological diagnosis was a convalescent stage of toxic liver injury. The present report is apparently the first to consider the detailed laparoscopic findings of a liver injury induced by DMF.     

A method for specific diagnosis of Rocky Mountain spotted fever on fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue by immunofluorescence.

For specific demonstration of Rickettsia rickettsii in fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues, the technique of trypsin digestion of deparaffinized, rehydrated sections was investigated. It was determined that 3.5 hr of digestion was optimal for achieving discrete, bright, green immunofluorescence of rickettsiae. At autopsy kidneys from seven of 10 cases of probably Rocky Mountain spotted fever contained structures that were specifically stained and that had the size and shape of rickettsiae. These structures were strictly limited to the endothelium and vascular walls of renal capillaries, veins, and arteries. Results from controls indicated that specificity of the immunofluorescence. R. rickettsii may be demonstrated by this method with greater sensitivity and specificity than by current histological methods. The technique allows retrospective analysis of certain organs for pathogenesis of involvement in Rocky Moutain spotted fever and offers a specific diagnostic test.     

Assembly of microtubules onto kinetochores of isolated mitotic chromosomes of HeLa cells.

The kinetochores of isolated HeLa cell chromosomes attached to an electron microscope specimen grid, fixed in formaldehyde, and stained with alcoholic phosphotungstic acid are visible as dark, preferentially stained structures distinct from the chromatin with which they are associated. When unfixed chromosomes are immobilized by attachment to grids and incubated with chick brain tubulin, microtubules are observed to assemble onto the kinetochores. This demonstrates the competence of kinetochores in isolated chromosomes to act in vitro as microtubule assembly sites and suggests that they also possess this capacity in vivo. In addition, the results provide a possible means for isolating and characterizing kinetochores.     

INTERACTION OF INSULIN WITH THE CELL MEMBRANE: THE PRIMARY ACTION OF INSULIN

Insulin can be covalently attached to a large polymers of Sepharose through the alpha-amino group of the N-terminal residue of the B chain, or through the epsilon-amino group of its lysyl residue. Such derivatives effectively increase the utilization of glucose, and suppress the hormone-stimulated lipolysis, of isolated fat cells. The effects occur with concentrations of insulin-Sepharose that are nearly as low as those of native insulin, and the maximal responses are the same. The results indicate that interaction of insulin with superficial membrane structures alone may suffice to initiate transport as well as other metabolic alterations.