Quadrant root planing versus same-day full-mouth root planing

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine whether same-day full-mouth scaling and root planing (FM-SRP) and quadrant scaling and root planing (Q-SRP) resulted in variations in the systemic humoral immune response dynamics (antibody titres and avidity) during active treatment and 3 and 6 months post-therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty patients with chronic periodontitis were recruited into this study. Subjects were randomised into two groups and received either scaling and root planing quadrant by quadrant at 2-weekly intervals (Q-SRP group) or same-day full-mouth scaling and root planing (FM-SRP group). Clinical measurements and serum samples were obtained at baseline and approximately 6 weeks after the last clinical intervention (R1) and 6 months after the initiation of therapy (R2). Furthermore, serum samples were obtained from each patient undergoing therapy (Q-SRP and FM-SRP) at 3 bi-weekly instances so as to determine the short-term effects of each session of scaling and root planing on the dynamics of the humoral immune response. Serum antibody titre was assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and antibody avidity was measured by thiocyanate dissociation against five putative periodontal pathogens: Porphyromonas gingivalis; Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans; Prevotella intermedia; Treponema denticola and Bacteroides forsythus. RESULTS: Both therapies resulted in similar antibody titre reductions against the majority of the organisms tested and although there was a distinct trend for antibody avidity to increase following therapy, this was not found to be statistically significant, reflecting marked inter-individual variation. In addition, no evidence emerged from this study to support increased antibody titres following the active phases of both treatment approaches due to an inoculation effect. Nevertheless, significant short-term increases in antibody avidity to most test bacteria were noted for both treatment strategies. CONCLUSION: Both therapies were associated with a reduction in antibody titres and an increase in the binding ability or avidity of antibodies, but there was a marked inter-subject variability and statistical significance was reached for only some of the test bacteria. No significant differences in the humoral antibody dynamics were found between the two treatment approaches.     

Spreading of root canal irrigants on root dentine

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the spreading of root canal irrigants on human root dentine. The spreading of various solutions on dentine surfaces was measured after pre-treatment with various conditional solutions. Seven experimental groups were set based on the combination of conditioning solution-test solution: none-distilled water; none-6% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl); none-14.3% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid containing surfactant 0.084% cetrimide (Morhonine); NaOCl-NaOCl; NaOCl-Morhonine; Morhonine-Morhonine and Morhonine-NaOCl. After application of 0.1 mL of conditioning solution for 60 s, 0.5 microL of test solution was placed on dentine surfaces. Spreading of test solution was measured for 480 s to examine the size of the contact area ratio. Those at 300 s were compared among groups using Fisher's Protected Least Significant Difference (P < 0.05). It was concluded that the contact area ratio of Morhonine-NaOCl increased the most significantly among all the experimental groups.     

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牙髓根尖周病是一类主要因细菌感染引起的、发生于牙髓及根尖周围组织的炎症性疾病,发病率高,是口腔常见病、多发病,占口腔内科门诊的60%,也是导致牙痛、失牙的主要原因.     

根管充填后牙根抗折强度的研究

目的 比较3种不同的根管充填技术对根管充填后牙根抗折强度的影响。方法 40颗完整的离体单根管恒牙经根管预备后随机分成4组,3个实验组分别采用冷牙胶侧压充填、热牙胶垂直加压充填、单尖充填法充填,对照组不予充填。将标本用万能实验机垂直加载直至标本发生纵裂,记录牙根纵裂时的最大抗压载荷和纵裂的类型。结果 3个实验组的平均抗压载荷值分别为（210.04±64.57）、（232.55±50.74）、（216.80±78.03） N,对照组为（179.93±34.03） N;3个实验组之间、实验组与对照组间的差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。85.0%的牙根纵裂发生于颊舌方向。结论 3种根管充填技术产生的楔力不会降低牙根的最大抗压载荷,3种充填技术对牙根抗折强度的影响无明显区别。     

钙化根管的根管显微镜治疗

目的:探讨应用根管显微镜治疗钙化根管的方法,并对其疗效进行评价.方法:因根管钙化进行根管治疗的患牙33个,在根管显微镜引导下,将超声预备、手动NiTi器械预备以及EDTA化学预备相结合进行治疗,记录预备时间,术后1周进行根管充填,半年后复查并进行疗效评价.结果:根管显微镜下钙化根管的治疗成功率为88.9%,平均每根根管耗时25.8 min.结论:在根管显微镜引导下,将超声预备、手动NiTi器械预备以及EDTA化学预备相结合可提高钙化根管治疗的成功率.     

根管治疗与根折的关系

根折是根管治疗后常见并发症。很多研究已经显示过度的根管预备,充填时对根管壁产生的应力以及治疗过程中用到的药物、试剂都会直接或间接引起牙根纵折。为了更合理地选择治疗方案,减少医源性的因素导致的根折,本文就根管治疗过程中可能增加根折易感性的因素作一综述。     

双根双根管上颌侧切牙根管治疗1例

根管治疗成功的关键在于根管系统的彻底清创消毒和严密三维充填[1]。对于多根牙,为保证根管治疗成功,要求彻底清创消毒和严密充填每个根管。遗漏根管意味着该根管里残留大量感染物质,可能导致该患牙根管治疗的失败。一般来说,主根管通常比较容易找到,寻找额外根管相对较为困难,对于临床医师技能要求较高。     

根管治疗过程中影响牙根纵裂的因素

牙根纵裂最常发生于根管治疗之后且临床症状不具有明显的特异性,常常症状不明显,早期诊断较为困难,常出现漏诊和误诊。本文从病因学的角度出发,针对根管治疗过程中的每个步骤,就牙根纵裂的影响因素作一综述,以供临床操作参考。     

Treatment of a horizontal root fracture by vital root submergence

Abstract Cervical third horizontal root fractures in immature permanent teeth often present complicated and unpredictable treatment options. This case report describes the successful management of a horizontal root fracture in an open apex tooth by vital root submergence and subsequent nonsurgical root canal therapy.     

A new system for classifying root and root canal morphology

Knowledge of root and root canal morphology is a prerequisite for effective nonsurgical and surgical endodontic treatments. The external and internal morphological features of roots are variable and complex, and several classifications have been proposed to define the various types of canal configurations that occur commonly. More recently, improvements in nondestructive digital image systems, such as cone‐beam and micro‐computed tomography, as well as the use of magnification in clinical practice, have increased the number of reports on complex root canal anatomy. Importantly, using these newer techniques, it has become apparent that it is not possible to classify many root canal configurations using the existing systems. The purpose of this article is to introduce a new classification system that can be adapted to categorize root and root canal configurations in an accurate, simple and reliable manner that can be used in research, clinical practice and training.     

Clinical outcomes of quadrant root planing versus full-mouth root planing

OBJECTIVES: To determine the clinical effects of full mouth compared with quadrant wise scaling and root planing. METHOD: Twenty patients with chronic periodontitis (> or = 2 teeth per quadrant with probing pocket depths (PPD) > or = 5 mm and bleeding on probing (BOP) were randomized into a test group treated in two sessions with subgingival scaling and root planing within 24 h (full-mouth root planing (FMRP)) and a control group treated quadrant by quadrant in four sessions in intervals of 1 week (quadrant root planing (QRP)). PPD, relative attachment level (RAL) and BOP were recorded at baseline, 3 and 6 months. RESULTS: Analysing first quadrant data, in moderately deep pockets (5 mm < or = PPD < 7 mm) there was no evidence for a difference (FMRP-QRP) between both groups for PPD reduction (mean: -0.128 mm; CI: [-0.949, 0.693]; p=0.747), RAL gain (mean: 0.118 mm; CI: [-0.763, 1.000]; p=0.781), and BOP reduction (mean: -20.1%; CI: [-44.3, 4.2]; p=0.099). Likewise, no significant differences between treatments were found for initially deep pockets (PPD > or = 7 mm), neither for first quadrant nor for whole mouth data. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study demonstrated equally favourable clinical results following both treatment modalities.     

Continued development of the root separated from the main root

Introduction

Endodontic infection or physical trauma of a developing tooth might lead to unusual situation for root development.

Methods

Two cases are presented. Both cases involved immature mandibular second premolars with infected pulps. In the first case, the tooth was treated by apexification, whereas revascularization procedures were performed in the second case. Interestingly, a separated root tip was observed with the main root at the initial presentation of case 2.

Results

At recall after apexification, a separate root tip was observed apically to the main root end, and root development continued in case 1. In the second case, the separate root displayed continuing root formation, but the main root did not gain root thickness or length.

Conclusions

These cases revealed that Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath and stem cells from the apical papilla can be separated from the main tooth structure by an external force or iatrogenic factors and thereafter produce a separate root tip.