颅眶沟通性脑膜瘤的显微外科切除和眶顶重建

目的　本研究旨在探讨颅眶沟通性脑膜瘤的诊断、手术及预后。方法　收集我科 1 996年 1月～2 0 0 3年 7月入院的 32例颅眶沟通瘤病人中经病理确诊为脑膜瘤的 1 4例病人资料 ,就其临床表现、影像学变化、手术操作、病理特点和预后等方面予以总结和分析。结果　采用额下或额颞侧方入路 ,单纯硬膜外切除 9例 ,联合硬膜外、硬膜下切除 5例。全切 1 1例 ,大部切除 3例。随访 8例 ,3例接受立体定向放射治疗 ,5例未行放射治疗 ;复发 3例 ,均未行术后放疗。结论　颅眶沟通性脑膜瘤可以侵犯颅眶结合部许多重要解剖结构 ,且有复发倾向 ;本病治疗应强调充分暴露、彻底切除、骨性重建和术后放射治疗。     

虚拟现实系统在鼻内镜颅底外科中的应用前景

虚拟现实(virtual reality，VR)是目前国内外各大行业领域研究的热门，与人工智能（artificial intelligence,AI）共同引导科技前沿。目前该技术主要应用于娱乐，包括游戏、购物、家居、电影方面，在机械制造、航空航天等领域也取得广泛研究及应用。但因医学专业性较强，对于此技术的要求较其他专业更高，所以VR在医学领域的应用还有待发展。同时，随着科学技术的进步，鼻内镜颅底外科经过耳鼻咽喉科、神经外科、影像科、病理科、麻醉科等多学科的共同努力，鼻内镜手术已成为全球主流的颅内肿瘤切除术的首选术式。目前，国内外有很多学者已经开始将VR技术应用于神经外科，包括颅内、侧颅底、斜坡等区域。因此，对于正处于青少年时期的鼻内镜颅底外科来说，VR无疑是发展过程中的重要基石。     

Orbitozygomatic resection of meningiomas of the orbit

OBJECTIVE: To review our experience with the surgical treatment of orbital meningiomas. METHODS: A retrospective review of all patients presenting to the author for treatment of orbital meningiomas over a 5 year period with a minimum of 1 year follow-up were included in this review. Demographic data, surgical approaches, and recurrence rates were documented. RESULTS: A total of seven patients were treated for this condition. Complete surgical resection was achieved with the outlined technique in 71% of the patients, and gross tumor removal was achieved in the remaining 29% of patients. This latter group received postoperative gamma-knife treatment, and only a single patient has evidence of persistent disease that is nonprogressive at 3-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Meningioma of the orbit, whether primary (ectopic) or secondary. should be treated as at other sites with complete surgical excision if possible. Gamma knife or intensity modulated radiotherapy may be useful for residual microscopic disease. Surgical clearance is facilitated with the broad field exposure afforded by the orbitozygomatic approach outlined in the article, with particular attention directed at positive identification of key landmarks particularly in retro-orbital and cavernous sinus extension.     

Long-term results of surgery for temporal bone paragangliomas

OBJECTIVES: Assessment of the long-term results of surgery for temporal bone paragangliomas with special consideration of the patient's ability to cope with the functional deficits. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review of 36 patients who had undergone resection of a temporal bone paraganglioma 10 to 15 years previously. Assessment of the patients' subjective view of the functional outcome and quality of life by a questionnaire. METHODS: Clinical records were reviewed regarding size of tumor, technique of surgery, supportive therapy, and tumor recurrence. Patients were sent a 50-item questionnaire evaluating their quality of life and the preoperative and postoperative function of cranial nerves VII through XII. RESULTS: A complete tumor removal was achieved in 30 patients (83%). There was only one tumor recurrence. The major negative effects of surgery involved hearing and dysphagia, which deterioriated in 14 and 12 patients, respectively. Thirty-five of the 36 patients (97%) reported that, despite deterioration, the cranial nerve deficits were still acceptable. Seventy-five percent of the patients regained their preoperative quality of life and 97% returned to their previous occupation in 1 to 2 years. CONCLUSIONS: The otologic extradural approach allowed complete tumor removal in 83%, with minimal perioperative morbidity. No surgically induced central nervous system lesions occured. Tracheostomy was avoided and all patients resumed oral feeding. Full rehabilitation after removal of class C and CD paragangliomas may take 1 to 2 years. However, the fact that 97% of the patients finally resumed normal social life showed the ability of most patients to cope with the sequelae of surgery even in class C and CD paragangliomas.     

侵犯颅底的头颈部恶性肿瘤的预后分析

目的 探讨侵犯颅底的头颈部恶性肿瘤的预后相关因素.方法 1997年1月～2005年12月收治的24例侵犯颅底的头颈部恶性肿瘤患者,采用手术为主、结合放化疗的综合治疗方案.应用Kaplan-Meier法计算累积生存率,并以Cox回归模型进行预后的多因素分析.结果 全组患者3、5年生存率分别为71.3%、62.1% 年龄（P=0.0273）、侵犯颅底解剖区域（P=0.0001）、病理分级（P=0.0251）及有无复发（P=0.0011）均是影响预后的单项危险因素 多因素分析显示,仅有侵犯颅底解剖区域（P=0.0118）是影响预后的独立因素.结论 侵犯颅底的头颈部恶性肿瘤患者,所侵犯的颅底解剖区域对预后有重要意义,同时有前、侧颅底侵犯者预后较差.     

Facial nerve outcome in lateral skull base surgery for benign lesions

Objective: To statistically identify factors most important in affecting CN7 outcome in lateral skull base surgery for benign lesions. Study Design: A retrospective review of 217 nonmalignancy lateral skull base procedures from 1970 to 1995 at the Otology Group in Nashville. Methods: Charts were reviewed for epidemiology, histopathology, staging, type of CN7 mobilization (none, short, long, severance with reanastomosis, and resection), preoperative and postoperative CN7 function, surgery performed, and survival. Results: Average House-Brackman (HB) scores for mobilizations were as follows: short, 1.65: long, 2.74: and grafting, 4.33. Factors found to affect outcome in a statistically significant fashion were preoperative HB score, staging, type of CN7 manipulation, and surgical approach. Meningiomas were found to have a worse outcome than glomus tumors. Conclusions: Complete resection of tumors should be performed with minimal manipulation of the facial nerve based on regional anatomy and tumor anatomy. Laryngoscope, 108:1480–1484, 1998     

Long-term results of different treatment modalities in 37 patients with glomus jugulare tumors

The results of different forms of treatment of 37 patients with previously untreated glomus jugulare tumors were compared retrospectively. According to the Fisch classification system, 6 patients presented with class B tumors, 19 class C and 12 patients with class D. Twenty-eight patients underwent surgery and 9 patients had primary radiation therapy (to 50 Gy). In 20 of the surgical cases (71%), radical tumor removal could be achieved and required no further treatment over a follow-up period of 8.6 years (range 2–15 years). Incomplete tumor resection with postoperative radiation therapy resulted in progressive tumor growth in three cases. One patient in this group experienced subarachnoid bleeding that had to be managed by salvage surgery. After primary radiation therapy, glomus jugulare tumors were still evident on magnetic resonance imaging scans, but showed no signs of disease progression. As a result of our experience, we found that a one-stage radical tumor resection performed in collaboration by otologic surgeons and neurosurgeons was the best treatment for patients with large glomus jugulare tumors. Received: 9 April 1998 / Accepted: 21 December 1998     

改良外鼻锥体侧翻术在颅底肿瘤手术中的应用

目的:介绍改良外鼻锥体侧翻术在颅底肿瘤手术的临床应用。方法:回顾性研究改良外鼻锥体侧翻术治疗的20例颅底肿瘤的诊断及外科手术治疗结果。结果:20例颅底肿瘤均累及鼻腔、双侧筛窦、蝶窦及眶内侧壁。侵犯翼腭窝、颞下窝2例,侵犯颅内者2例;均行改良外鼻锥体侧翻术治疗,其中2例鼻咽纤维血管瘤患者同时行额颞颧开颅及大部分上颌骨移位手术;2例行颅面联合入路手术。术后10例患者行放疗。患者术后无手术并发症,随访8～60个月,有6例肿瘤复发。结论:改良外鼻锥体侧翻术是治疗鼻腔、筛窦、蝶窦肿瘤累及颅底的一种安全、有效的外科治疗方法;在肿瘤向翼腭窝、颞下窝及颅内侵犯时应辅以其他手术入路。     

Outcomes of minimally invasive endoscopic resection of anterior skull base neoplasms

Objectives/Hypothesis:

The objective of this study was to review clinical outcomes of minimally invasive endoscopic resection (MIER) for anterior skull base (ASB) neoplasms.

Study Design:

Retrospective data review.

Methods:

Data analysis was performed on all patients undergoing MIER from October 2000 to December 2008.

Results:

Thirty‐one patients with mean age of 58 years underwent MIER. Malignant and benign tumors were managed in 25 (80.6%) and six (19.4%) cases, respectively. Most common histopathologies were squamous cell carcinoma (six), esthesioneuroblastoma (five), mucosal melanoma (five), and sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma (four). American Joint Committee on Cancer tumor staging was T3N0M0 and T4N0M0 in 14 (56%) and 11 (44%) of the malignant cases, respectively. Surgical resection with curative intent was performed in 28 cases (90.3%). Multilayered skull base reconstruction was performed in most patients; lumbar drains were used in eight cases (25.8%). Twenty‐one patients (67.7%) were disease free, five patients (16.1%) were dead from disease, three patients (9.7%) were alive with disease, and two patients (6.5%) died from unrelated causes at mean follow‐up of 31.7 months.

Conclusions:

This study validated technical feasibility of MIER for diversity of benign and malignant ASB histopathology. Majority of patients were able to avoid adjunct craniotomy, whereas lumbar drainage was utilized in selective cases. This surgical strategy resulted in low complication rate and acceptable disease‐free survival in patients with advanced T3 and T4 malignant lesions. Future studies should focus on multicenter trials to facilitate more robust survival analysis and comparison to open surgical approaches. Laryngoscope, 2010     

婴儿鼻腔软骨间叶性错构瘤2例及文献复习

目的 探讨婴儿鼻腔软骨间叶性错构瘤的临床及病理特点、诊断、治疗及预后。 方法 回顾性分析2016年5月至2019年3月上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院收治的2例经病理证实为鼻腔软骨间叶性错构瘤患儿的临床及病理资料,并对该病的诊断、治疗及预后进行探讨。 结果 起源于鼻腔或颅底的鼻腔软骨间叶性错构瘤经鼻内镜术完整切除,长期随访无复发。组织学显示间叶细胞及胶原纤维围绕软骨结构,呈良性增生特性。 结论 婴儿鼻腔软骨间叶性错构瘤临床表现多样且无特异性,早期诊断困难。鼻内镜手术是治疗鼻腔软骨间叶性错构瘤的主要手段,并且具有良好的临床效果。     

颞下窝B型径路切除侧颅底肿瘤临床分析

目的探讨颞下窝B型径路在侧颅底肿瘤中的适应证及手术效果。 方法回顾性分析2015年1月—2018年6月采用颞下窝B型径路治疗8例侧颅底肿瘤患者的临床资料，其中横纹肌肉瘤1例，成熟型畸胎瘤1例，骨巨细胞瘤1例，颞骨鳞癌1例，巨细胞修复性肉芽肿2例，胆脂瘤2例。结果3例患者病变范围主要累及颈静脉孔区、颈内动脉、岩尖；5例患者病变范围主要累及颧弓、颞下颌关节、中颅底甚至颞叶。7例单纯行颞下窝B型径路，1例患者行颞下窝B型径路联合经耳蜗径路，8例患者均完全切除病变。所有患者术后1周复查头颅MRI，均未见病变残留。4例患者术后为重度传导性或混合性听力下降，另外4例患者术后为极重度感音神经性听力下降。术前面瘫者2例，术后无加重；术前面神经功能正常者，术后2例出现面瘫，其中1例为联合经耳蜗入路患者术中将面神经进行移位，另外1例由于恶性肿瘤已侵犯面神经，术中将受侵犯的面神经切除。所有患者随访期间均无脑脊液耳漏、颅内出血，颅内感染、偏瘫、死亡等严重术后并发症。 结论颞下窝B型径路在暴露颈内动脉垂直段和水平段、岩尖等部位极具优势，同时这一径路也可用于切除累及颧弓、颞下颌关节甚至累及颞叶的侧颅底肿瘤。     

Simultaneously presenting head and neck and lung cancer: a diagnostic and treatment dilemma.

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Synchronous tumors are defined as malignancies presenting within 6 months of the index tumors. A significant subset of patients present at initial evaluation with malignant tumors of both the head and neck (head and neck squamous cell carcinoma) and the lung, which are termed simultaneous primaries. The management and treatment outcomes in this cohort of patients have not been clearly defined and are the subject of the present review. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective chart review of previously untreated patients. METHODS: From January 1974 to December 1997, a total of 2964 patients were treated for mucosal squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Forty-two patients fulfilled the criteria for synchronous head and neck and lung malignancy. Of these, 27 patients had simultaneous tumors of the head and neck and the lung. This cohort of patients (n = 27) was stratified into three treatment groups. Patients in group A (n = 10) had resectable head and neck and lung primaries treated with curative intent. Group B (n = 8) was composed of patients who could have been treated with curative intent but declined and were given only palliative therapy. Patients in group C (n = 9) were candidates for only palliative treatment. RESULTS: The estimated 5-year disease-specific survival in group A was 47%, whereas patients in group B had a 5-year disease-specific survival of only 13% (P =.05). There were no survivors beyond 1 year in group C. The presence of mediastinal adenopathy in patients in group A portended poor clinical outcome. There was an estimated 5-year disease-specific survival of 51% in patients with no preoperative evidence of mediastinal adenopathy (n = 7), whereas 67% of patients with radiological evidence of mediastinal adenopathy died (two of three patients). CONCLUSION: The presence of simultaneous head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and pulmonary malignancies should not be a deterrent to aggressive surgical therapy because a potentially satisfactory outcome can be expected in these patients.