腹腔镜远端胃癌D2根治术肿瘤安全性临床分析

目的 比较腹腔镜辅助与开腹远端胃癌D2根治手术的淋巴结清扫及肿瘤安全切缘,评估腹腔镜辅助远端胃癌D2根治手术的肿瘤安全性和可行性.方法 回顾性分析2010年1月至2012年6月吉林大学第二医院普通外科疾病诊疗中心363例腹腔镜远端胃癌D2根治术患者的临床资料,并与2008年1月至2010年1月412例开腹胃癌D2根治术患者的临床资料进行比较,比较两组患者淋巴结清扫数目和肿瘤安全切缘距离以及围手术期资料.结果腹腔镜组与开放组在患者年龄、性别、BMI以及肿瘤T分期比例无统计学差异.腹腔镜手术组淋巴结清扫数目(23.5±8.4)枚,开腹手术组为(24.7±9.3)枚;腹腔镜手术组肿瘤近切缘距离(6.95±1.92)cm,远切缘距离(4.89±1.80)cm;开腹手术组肿瘤近切缘距离(7.28±2.01)cm,远切缘距离(4.05±1.77)cm;腹腔镜手术组与开腹手术组淋巴结清扫数目以及肿瘤远近端切缘距离无显著性差异(P＞0.05).腹腔镜组、开腹组手术时间无显著性差异.腹腔镜和开腹手术组术中平均出血量分别为(110.6±35.2)ml和(420.5±112.2)ml,腹腔镜手术组术中出血量显著低于开腹手术组(P＜0.05).腹腔镜和开腹手术组术后平均住院日为(9.5±2.6)d和(11.5±2.9)d,腹腔镜手术组术后住院时间显著短于开腹手术组(P＜0.05).结论腹腔镜胃癌D2根治术治疗进展期胃癌能够达到与开放手术相同的肿瘤根治效果,安全可行,同时具有术中出血少、术后恢复快的优点.     

腹腔镜辅助远端胃癌D2根治术的临床价值

目的对比分析腹腔镜辅助远端胃癌D2根治术与传统开腹术的手术时间、手术创伤程度,探讨腹腔镜辅助远端胃癌D2根治术的应用价值。方法选取2009年3月至2013年9月间收治的172例癌患者,其中行传统开腹手术80例,行腹腔镜手术92例。回顾性对比分析两种手术方式的手术时间、术中出血量、手术切口长度、淋巴结清扫枚数、术后患者疼痛情况、围手术期并发症情况及术后恢复情况等指标。结果两组患者在不同手术方式下均顺利完成手术。腹腔镜手术组患者手术时间、术中出血量及切口长度明显优于传统开腹手术(P<0.05),但术中淋巴结清扫枚数两组无明显差异(P>0.05)。术后采用视觉模拟评分(VAS)评估两组患者术后疼痛情况,腹腔镜手术组明显优于开腹手术组(P<0.05)。腹腔镜手术组首次肛门排气时间、首次排便时间、首次下床活动时间、术后住院时间明显少于开腹手术组(P<0.05)。两种手术方式,术后吻合口瘘、吻合口出血、十二指肠残端瘘、切口愈合等围手术期并发症无明显差异,但肺部感染腹腔镜手术组明显好于开腹手术组(P<0.05)。结论腹腔镜辅助远端胃癌D2根治术与传统开腹远端胃癌D2根治术比较,具有对患者创伤小,术后疼痛耐受好,恢复快,围手术期并发症少等优点,值得临床推广应用。     

腹腔镜与开腹低位直肠癌全直肠系膜切除术的临床对照研究

目的 随机对照研究探讨腹腔镜下低位直肠癌TME的可行性及短期治疗效果.方法 将69例Duke分期A或B期的低位直肠癌患者随机分为2组,分别行腹腔镜和常规开腹TME手术,比较两组患者围手术期情况、术后并发症以及术后复发和转移情况.结果 腹腔镜组平均手术时间、术中出血量、术后肠功能恢复时间分别为(110.8±31.34)h、(84.41±28.41)ml、(2.59±0.99)d,而开腹手术组分别为(133.94±21.01)h、(143.94±34.18)ml、(4.0±1.06)d,差异有统计学意义.淋巴结清扫数目以及术后并发症发生率两组问无显著性差异.腹腔镜手术组保肛率明显高于开腹手术组(85.7%vs.61.8%,P＜0.05).中位随访39.5年,腹腔镜与开腹手术组局部复发分别2例、1例,远处转移分别2例、3例,差异无统计学意义.结论 腹腔镜下全直肠系膜切除术治疗低位直肠癌安全可行,短期疗效确切.     

老年结直肠癌腹腔镜根治术的安全性及疗效评价(附103例报告)

目的:评价老年结直肠癌腹腔镜根治术的安全可行性及应用价值.方法:回顾性分析广东省人民医院2006年6月至2008年3月同期收治的结直肠癌老年患者腹腔镜手术组(54例)和传统开腹手术组(49例),分析其临床资料.结果:腹腔镜组其中3例中转开腹手术,中转率为5.6%.腹腔镜组的手术失血量明显较开腹组少(83.1mL±25.7mL VS 276.3mL±187.2mL,P<0.001):腹腔镜组的手术时间较开腹组稍长(193.1min±58.2min vs160.1min±54.3min,P<0.05);腹腔镜组的肠道功能恢复时间较开腹组短(2.5d±0.7d VS 4.3d±0.8d,P<0.05),腹腔镜组手术后住院天数较短.手术后并发症且平均收获的淋巴结数两组间无统计学差异.结论:老年结直肠癌腹腔镜根治术是一种安全、有效的手术方式,是治疗老年人结直肠癌的较好选择.细致的围手术期处理和熟练的腹腔镜手术经验是取得良好疗效的关键.     

全结肠系膜切除在腹腔镜辅助右半结肠癌根治性切除中的应用与评价

目的探讨全结肠系膜切除术(complete mesocolic excision,CME)和血管高位结扎在腹腔镜辅助右半结肠癌根治术中的应用,并评估其效果和安全性.方法分析2010年6月至2012年2月腹腔镜右半结肠癌CME手术23例,采用历史对照的方法与传统开腹右半结肠癌根治手术32例患者对比,评估两组患者的临床病理学特点以及围手术期情况.结果23例右半结肠癌腹腔镜辅助下CME根治手术均顺利完成,无中转开腹.右半结肠癌腹腔镜辅助CME根治术患者每例患者平均清扫淋巴结(18.1±5.3)枚,传统开腹对照组平均清扫淋巴结(15.1±3.8)枚,腹腔镜CME组清扫淋巴结数目明显多于传统开腹组(P=0.013).腹腔镜CME手术组与传统开腹手术组的手术时间分别为(207.39±41.15)min和(225.16±76.62) min(P＞0.05).腹腔镜CME组术中出血量平均(124.0±32.8)ml,开腹组则高达(170±39.6)ml,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).腹腔镜CME组术后并发症发生率仅为13.0％,与传统手术相似,无吻合口瘘和输尿管损伤等严重并发症发生. 结论右半结肠癌腹腔镜辅助下CME及血管高位结扎安全可行,并发症发生率并无升高,但尚需大规模前瞻性随机对照研究探讨其远期疗效.     

无辅助切口完全腹腔镜下直肠外翻拖出式直肠癌根治的临床研究

目的:探讨无辅助切口完全腹腔镜下直肠外翻拖出式直肠癌根治的临床应用价值.方法:回顾性分析术前Dukes A期26例患者,行无辅助切口完全腹腔镜下直肠外翻拖出式直肠癌根治术的临床病理资料,其中直肠癌Dixon术式21例,Miles术式5例.结果:26例直肠癌均在完全腹腔镜下完成手术,无死亡病例,上端切缘距肿瘤大于10cm,下端切缘大于3cm;病理均为腺癌,切缘无癌组织残留.术中出血量(15-310)ml,平均87.89ml;手术时间(109-297)min,平均173.45min;术后肠蠕动恢复时间(27-88)h,平均49.97h;术后住院(7-12)d,平均8.69d;淋巴结清扫(2-20)枚,平均12.3枚.术后有1例吻合口出血,无吻合口瘘和狭窄等并发症,术后短期随访局部复发l例,其他患者无复发、转移及trocar切口的种植转移.结论:无辅助切口完全腹腔镜下直肠外翻拖出式直肠癌根治手术是安全可行的,患者痛苦小,并发症少,可获最佳美容,术后恢复快,与常规开腹手术疗效相当.     

腹腔镜与开腹结直肠癌根治术围手术期并发症对比及原因分析

目的对腹腔镜下结直肠癌根治术与开腹手术的围手术期并发症发生率进行对比,并探讨并发症常见原因,为临床减少、预防并发症提供依据。方法回顾性分析开封市中心医院普外科2012年10月至2014年12月由同一组医师实施的68例腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术与70例开腹结直肠癌根治术的临床资料,比较其围手术期并发症的差异。结果腹腔镜组与开腹组围手术期总并发症发生率分别为26.47%(18/68)和41.43%(29/70),术中出血发生率分别为5.88%(4/68)和4.28%(3/70),术后吻合口瘘发生率分别为5.88%(4/68)和7.14%,术后吻合口出血发生率分别为1.47%(1/68)和2.86%(2/70),差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。腹膜后气肿发生率分别为7.35(5/38)和0,肠梗阻发生率分别为2.94%(2/68)和12.86%(9/70),切口感染发生率分别为2.94%(2/68)和14.29%(10/70),差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论腹腔镜下结直肠癌根治术与开腹手术相比具有腹部切口小、术中出血少,手术后疼痛轻、术后恢复快等优点。两组围手术期总体并发症发生率无差异,术中出血、术后吻合口瘘、吻合口出血等发生率均无差异,但术后肠梗阻及切口感染发生率腹腔镜组明显低于开腹组。     

减孔腹腔镜手术治疗直肠癌的近期与远期疗效观察

目的探讨减孔腹腔镜手术治疗直肠癌的近期与远期疗效。方法选择80例直肠癌患者,根据随机数字表法,将其分为观察组及对照组,每组40例。对照组给予常规腹腔镜直肠癌根治术,观察组给予减孔(2孔)的腹腔镜直肠癌根治术,对比2组患者的围术期指标、病理学指标、2组中转开腹比例、术后1个月并发症发生率及术后3年无病存活率。结果观察组的手术时间明显较对照组长,但术中出血量、切口长度、肛门排气时间、下床活动时间、住院时间均明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。肿瘤距肛门距离、远切缘距肿瘤下缘距离、淋巴结清扫数目对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2组中转开腹及术后并发症发生率对比,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2组术后3年无病存活率对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论减孔腹腔镜手术与常规腹腔镜手术治疗直肠癌的近远期疗效相当,但减孔腹腔镜手术可缩短患者的术后恢复时间,具有一定优势。     

无瘤技术在腹腔镜辅助胃癌根治术中的应用

目的探讨无瘤技术在腹腔镜辅助胃癌根治术中的应用,总结经验体会.方法回顾性分析2009年9月1日至2010年9月30日在我科接受腹腔镜辅助胃癌根治术的39例患者的临床资料,包括手术时间、术中出血、围手术期并发症及随访结果,总结无瘤技术在腹腔镜辅助胃癌根治术中应用的经验.结果39例患者均在腔镜下成功完成胃癌根治术,无中转开腹和二次手术.平均手术时间(232.5± 53.2)min,术中平均出血量(110.6±67.4)ml.清扫淋巴结数目16～41枚,平均(23.6±6.2)枚.所有大体标本术后病理均显示上、下切缘阴性,肿瘤浸润深度T1～T3,术后TNM分期Ⅰ期6例,Ⅱ期19例,Ⅲ期14例.39例患者术后随访12～22个月,无局部复发,无腹腔及远处转移,未发生切口和穿刺口肿瘤种植.结论不接触原则、整块切除、切口保护、安全切缘、血管处理、锐性分离、操作由远及近等无瘤技术可在腹腔镜辅助胃癌根治术中得到很好的应用.     

腹腔镜直肠癌根治术的临床应用

目的分析腹腔镜直肠癌根治术的临床应用疗效及优势。方法总结2009年5月至2012年5月72例腹腔镜直肠癌根治术的临床资料,其中行腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除保肛术(TME Dixon)52例,腹腔镜腹会阴直肠切除术(TME Miles)20例。7例中转开腹。并与同期具有可比性的72例开腹手术进行比较。结果腹腔镜组的肠蠕动恢复时间及并发症发生率明显短于同期开腹手术组。结论与传统开腹手术比较,腹腔镜直肠癌根治术具有损伤小、术中出血少、术后疼痛轻、胃肠道功能恢复快、住院时间短等优点。     

Bacteria and cancer--antagonisms and benefits

There is considerable historical and recent evidence concerning the antagonisms between acute bacterial infections or their toxins and cancer and allied diseases. These data provide renewed incentives to undertake clinical programmes with mixed bacterial vaccines in many countries at the present time.     

VEGF及KDR在大肠腺瘤和腺癌中的表达及意义

目的：探讨VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌中的表达及临床病理特征的关系。方法：大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌组织标本各100例,采用免疫组织化学染色法检测VEGF和KDR在标本中的表达情况。结果：VEGF和KDR在大肠腺癌组中的阳性表达明显高于大肠腺瘤组（P〈0.05）;在正常大肠黏膜均未见VEGF和KDR表达的阳性染色;VEGF阳性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率为70%,显著高于VEGF阴性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率16%,两组比较有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论：大肠腺癌组织中KDR的表达与肿瘤大小、转移情况、浸润深度密切相关;VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤中的表达与患者的年龄、性别及分型均无相关性,而与增生程度相关（P〈0.05）。在大肠腺癌患者中VEGF及KDR表达更高,二者具有协同效应。     

Religiosity and physical and emotional functioning among African American and White colorectal and lung cancer patients

The literature suggests that religiosity helps cope with illness. The present study examined the role of religiosity in functioning among African Americans and Whites with a cancer diagnosis. Patients were recruited from an existing study and mailed a religiosity survey. Participants (N = 269; 36% African American, 56% women) completed the mail survey, and interview data from the larger cohort was utilized in the analysis. Multivariate analyses indicated that in the overall sample religious behaviors were marginally and positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Among women, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Religiosity was not a predictor of study outcomes for men. Among African Americans, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and vitality. Among Whites, religious behaviors were negatively associated with depressive symptoms. These findings suggest a mixed role of religious involvement in cancer outcomes. The current findings may have applied potential in the areas of emotional functioning and depression.     

Genetic polymorphisms of alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases and risk for esophageal and head and neck cancers

Alcoholic beverages are causally related to cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx and esophagus. Ethanol is oxidized to acetaldehyde and then to acetate by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), both of which have genetic polymorphisms. A review of case-control studies of the effects of ALDH2, ADH2 and ADH3 genotypes shows consistently positive associations between inactive heterozygous ALDH2 and the less-active ADH2 genotypes and the risk for esophageal cancer in East Asian heavy drinkers and this enzyme-related vulnerability may extend to light-to-moderate drinkers. Some studies suggest similar associations with the risk for head and neck cancer in moderate-to-heavy-drinking Japanese. An established carcinogen in experimental animals, acetaldehyde can interact with human DNA. ALDH2-associated cancer susceptibility fits into a scenario in which acetaldehyde plays a critical role in the development of human cancer. Alcohol flushing and drinking behavior may partly explain this carcinogenic effect in carriers of less-active ADH2 genotypes. Whether the ADH3 genotype influences head and neck cancer risk in Western nations is controversial. Professional and public education about risky conditions connected to the ALDH2 and ADH2 genotypes and environmental factors is important in a new strategic approach to the prevention of alcohol-related cancers in East Asians. The use of simple tests to identify inactive ALDH2 on the basis of alcohol flushing responses could benefit many people, by helping them to identify their own cancer risks. Such testing could also help clinicians diagnose esophageal cancer earlier, through the use of endoscopic screening in the high-risk population.     

Religiosity and Physical and Emotional Functioning Among African American and White Colorectal and Lung Cancer Patients

The literature suggests that religiosity helps cope with illness. The present study examined the role of religiosity in functioning among African Americans and Whites with a cancer diagnosis. Patients were recruited from an existing study and mailed a religiosity survey. Participants (N = 269; 36% African American, 56% women) completed the mail survey, and interview data from the larger cohort was utilized in the analysis. Multivariate analyses indicated that in the overall sample religious behaviors were marginally and positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Among women, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Religiosity was not a predictor of study outcomes for men. Among African Americans, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and vitality. Among Whites, religious behaviors were negatively associated with depressive symptoms. These findings suggest a mixed role of religious involvement in cancer outcomes. The current findings may have applied potential in the areas of emotional functioning and depression.     

New and emerging radiosensitizers and radioprotectors

The combination of chemotherapy and radiation has led to clinical breakthroughs in several disease sites, and current work continues to define optimum combinations of proven chemotherapy as well as more recently available, noncytotoxic agents. Administration of systemic therapies allows modulation of radiation response to improve tumor control (radiosensitization) or to prevent normal tissue toxicity (radioprotection). Substantial progress has been made in identifying the targets of standard chemotherapeutic radiation sensitizers and protectors as well as in the introduction of a new generation of molecularly targeted therapies in combination with radiation. We have reviewed the most recent, predominantly early phase clinical trials combining systemic agents with radiation. Although the proof of an improved schedule ultimately needs to come from well-run Phase III trials, the search among schedules could be shortened by the use of surrogate endpoints such as presence of active drug metabolites in the tumor. This has been accomplished only in a few cases and needs to become a more standard part of radiation sensitizer and protector trials.