睾丸扭转处理与探讨

目的 :提高睾丸扭转的诊断和治疗水平。　方法 :回顾性分析 9例睾丸扭转疑诊病例 ,并结合文献进行分析。　结果 :9例患者年龄为 12～ 2 7岁 ,平均 15岁 ,1例经过镇痛治疗后自行复位 ,8例行手术治疗 ,其中 7例手术证实为睾丸扭转 ,1例术中探查为急性附睾炎。睾丸扭转患者中有 6例绕精索旋转 180°～ 72 0° ,1例绕着与精索垂直的轴线旋转 180°。彩色多普勒超声检查准确率为 87.5 % ,所有病例均有阴囊皮肤红肿 ,Prehn征 ( + )。　结论 :对突发睾丸疼痛应常规行彩色多普勒超声检查 ,睾丸扭转方向不全是绕精索轴旋转 ,手法复位不可靠 ,若怀疑为睾丸扭转 ,应急诊手术探查     

儿童睾丸扭转的诊治探讨

目的:探讨如何早期发现儿童睾丸扭转。方法:回顾性分析24例睾丸扭转的临床资料。结果:年龄4个月~15岁,平均8.5岁。左睾丸17例,右睾丸7例。发病到手术时间1 h~4个月。初诊确诊为睾丸扭转16例,延误诊断8例。术前均行彩超检查,1例4个月患儿拒绝治疗,手术探查23例,6例保留睾丸,17例行睾丸切除。结论:睾丸坏死不仅与扭转度数和时间有关,还和扭转的松紧度有关;彩色多普勒超声对睾丸扭转的早期诊断具有重要的参考价值;小儿阴囊急症疑为睾丸扭转应早期手术探查。     

睾丸扭转的诊断与早期治疗（附21例报告）

目的：提高睾丸扭转（编者按：实为精索扭转）的诊治水平.方法：回顾性分析21例睾丸扭转患者的临床诊治资料：21例患者中,左侧15例,右侧6例;术前确诊11例,拟诊5例,误诊5例.手法复位2例,睾丸复位固定7例,患侧睾丸切除13例.结果：术后随访3个月～3年,手法复位成功1例;7例睾丸复位固定良好,有1例出现患侧睾丸萎缩;13例行睾丸切除者身体状况良好.结论：睾丸扭转早期诊断甚为重要,应首选彩色多普勒超声检查;及早手术探查是挽救睾丸的关键.     

睾丸扭转的诊断与治疗(附17例报告)

目的　提高睾丸扭转的诊治水平。　方法　回顾性总结 17例睾丸扭转患者的诊治资料 ,结合文献进行分析。　结果　 17例患者均经彩超检查确诊为睾丸扭转。 1例经手法复位治愈 ,2例经手术复位治愈 ,14例行睾丸切除和对侧睾丸固定。 13例随访 1～ 3年 ,复位或剩余的睾丸血流正常。 4例 >18岁者 3例生精正常 ,1例生精低下。　结论　彩超能反映扭转睾丸的血流变化 ,为首选的辅助检查方法。确诊后宜积极行手术探查 ,扭转 <36 0°,且 <2 4h者经手术复位尚有机会保留睾丸 ;扭转 >36 0° ,>2 4h者应切除患侧睾丸。     

8例睾丸扭转诊断及治疗

目的提高睾丸扭转的早期诊断和治疗水平。方法回顾性分析8例睾丸扭转患者的临床诊断及治疗资料。结果 8例患者均均确诊为睾丸扭转并经行手术治疗,3例患者(发病<6 h)经手术复位保留睾丸;2例患者经切开睾丸深达髓质观察创面动脉血渗出的时间判断可以保留睾丸,其余3例行睾丸切除术后并进行对侧睾丸固定术。结论提高睾丸扭转诊治的关键是早期诊断和早期治疗,彩超是诊断睾丸扭转的首选检查,对怀疑睾丸扭转者主张尽早手术探查。     

睾丸扭转临床治疗体会

目的总结对睾丸扭转患者临床的诊治体会。方法回顾性分析36例睾丸扭转患者的临床诊断及治疗资料。结果 36例患者均经彩超检查确诊为睾丸扭转。5例经手法复位治愈,5例经手术复位治愈,26例行睾丸切除和对侧睾丸固定。15例随访1~3年,复位或剩余睾丸血流正常。5例18岁者4例精子质量及数量正常,1例精子数量级质量均有所低下。结论彩超能反映扭转睾丸的血流变化,可做为早期诊断的主要方法。确诊后应及时行手术探查,并根据不同伤情及时选择手术复位或切除患侧睾丸。     

睾丸扭转手术方式的选择

目的 :探讨手术治疗睾丸扭转时的发病时间对手术方式选择的意义。方法 :对本院 1993～ 2 0 0 0年间收治的 19例睾丸扭转患者的发病至手术时间和手术效果进行观察。结果 :发病至手术时间 10 h内的 8例扭转复位患者 ,术后睾丸均存活 ;发病至手术时间 10～ 2 4h的 4例睾丸扭转复位患者 ,3例睾丸存活 ;发病至手术时间 >2 4h的 2例睾丸扭转复位患者 ,1例睾丸存活。结论 :10 h以内的扭转均应行睾丸扭转复位固定术 ;10～ 2 4h的扭转睾丸复位存活的可能性尚存在 ;>2 4h者应行手术切除 ,不宜保留     

彩色多普勒超声在睾丸扭转诊断中应用

目的：评价彩色多普勒超声在睾丸扭转诊断的应用价值。方法：应用彩色多普勒超声(CDU)对临床疑诊为睾丸扭转的17例患者的患侧睾丸和健侧睾丸进行检查对比。结果：经CDU确诊睾丸扭转5例，经手术及手法复位证实。结论：CDU对确诊睾丸扭转有重要意义，可帮助临床医师迅速做出诊断，指导治疗。     

精索扭转的诊断及治疗

目的:探讨精索扭转的诊断及治疗方法。方法:回顾性总结14例精索扭转的临床资料。结果:14例中8例术前行彩色多普勒超声检查(CDFI)予以协诊,并给手术证实结果一致,其中6例扭转时间短(<6h)或不全扭转者经手术复位保留了睾丸。7例因睾丸坏死而予切除。1例保守治疗。结论:对青少年突发的阴囊疼痛应考虑到本病的可能。彩色多普勒超声成像是诊断急性精索扭转的可靠方法。早期诊断及手术治疗可提高睾丸存活率,主张作对侧睾丸预防性睾丸固定,以免扭转复发或再发。     

睾丸扭转的诊治体会（附32例报告）

目的 探讨睾丸扭转的早期诊断和治疗。方法 对32例睾丸扭转患者的临床资料进行总结分析。结果 32例中，初诊确诊为睾丸扭转者19例，误诊为急性睾丸附睾炎13例，除6例行睾丸坏死切除术，1例睾丸萎缩外，其他均已治愈。结论 睾丸扭转坏死与扭转时间和程度有关，彩色多普勒超声检查对睾丸扭转的早期诊断具有重要的临床价值，怀疑为睾丸扭转的患者应及早进行手术探查治疗。     

Isolated right testicular pain for six days: an unusual presentation of occult abdominal aortic aneurysm leak

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) rupture commonly presents with abdominal or lower back pain and haemodynamic instability. There have been case reports of co-existing left testicular pain;(1) however, very few cases describe right testicular pain as the sentinel symptom. We discuss the case of a 75-year-old man who presented to the on-call urologists with a 6-day history of right testicular pain. On examination, a painless AAA was detected. The patient was stable and a CT scan demonstrated a large AAA extending into the right iliac vessels, with suggestion of leakage. Attempted emergency repair was unsuccessful and the patient died in theatre. This atypical presentation of occult aneurysm leak highlights the need for clinical vigilance in the older patient with seemingly benign groin symptoms, including isolated right testicular pain.     

精索扭转的早期诊断及处理(附12例报告)

目的：提高精索扭转的早期诊断水平。方法：回顾性分析12例精索扭转的临床资料。结果：11例经手术证实，与术前彩色多普勒血流成像（CDFI）诊断结果一致，其中5例扭转时间短或不全扭转者经手术复位后保留了睾丸，6例因睾丸坏死而予以切除。1例保守治疗。结论：对青少年突发的阴囊疼痛应考虑到本病的可能。CDFI是一种高效，可靠的诊断方法。早期诊断及手术可提高睾丸存活率。主张对对侧睾丸应作预防性固定并随访。     

Two cases of intrascrotal tumors complicated acute scrotum

We report 2 rare cases of intrascrotal tumors complicated acute scrotum. Case 1: A 15-year-old adolescent presented to our emergency room with acute right scrotal pain. Testicular torsion was suspected, and surgical exploration was performed. A spermatocele with 180 degrees torsion on its pedicle was observed. The patient was diagnosed with torsion of a spermatocele, and it was excised. Case 2: A 25-year-old man presented with acute left scrotal pain. Testicular torsion was suspected, and manual detorsion relieved the pain effectively. However, scrotal swelling did not subside after detorsion, and surgical exploration was performed. The left testis was stony hard on palpation, and intraoperative ultrasound revealed a mosaic echo pattern. A testicular tumor was highly suspected and left high orchiectomy was performed. Histopathological examination revealed seminoma pT1. Torsion of a testicular tumor was diagnosed. Although these 2 cases are extremely rare, they should be considered for the differential diagnosis of acute scrotum.     

Bell-C1apper畸形与睾丸扭转

通过7例Bell-Clapper畸形病例的总结和文献复习,提高对间歇性睾丸扭转的认识,及早诊断及手术,减少睾丸扭转坏死的发生率。对4例间歇性睾丸扭转病例及3例睾丸扭转坏死或萎缩病例的解剖与治疗的回顾作出Bell-Clapper畸形与睾丸扭转的关系分析。结果发现7例病人解剖上均有Bell-Clapper畸形,4例间歇性睾丸疼痛病人行了双侧睾丸探查和固定,3例睾丸坏死和萎缩病例行病睾切除及对侧睾丸固定术。作者提示,对间歇性睾丸疼痛的病人应提高警惕,在睾丸未发生扭转坏死之前及时行双睾探查,及时固定,防患于未然。     

青春期精索扭转的诊治分析(附67例报告)

目的:提高精索扭转的早期诊断和治疗水平,减少睾丸丧失。方法:回顾性分析2003年8月~2011年12月收治的67例青春期精索扭转的临床资料:患者年龄13~16岁,平均14.6岁。发病6小时内就诊23例,6~24小时39例,24小时以上5例。本组彩超检查53例;手术治疗63例,非手术治疗4例。并分析其确诊、误诊及睾丸挽救率。结果:首诊确诊率72%(48/67),误诊率28%(19/67)。误诊病种包括附睾-睾丸炎52%(10/19),鞘膜积液16%(3/19),腹股沟疝16%(3/19),输尿管结石11%(2/19),睾丸血肿5%(1/19)。67例中,外科干预63例,均为鞘膜内360°~1 080°扭转,其中发病6小时内手术探查19例,睾丸挽救率84%(16/19);6小时以上手术探查44例,睾丸挽救率23%(10/44),两组间差异有统计学意义(P0.05,两组睾丸中位扭转角度540°)。挽救及健侧睾丸行阴囊肉膜下固定术。切除睾丸病理检查结果为出血坏死性改变。非手术治疗4例中,2例手法复位成功,1例就诊睾丸已萎缩,1例自发缓解。挽救睾丸26例,其中16例随访6~18个月,睾丸萎缩11例。结论:精索扭转误诊率较高,青春期突发阴囊剧痛首先要考虑精索扭转的可能。彩超为一线检查方法。扭转程度及缺血时间是影响睾丸结局的重要因素,及时手术探查可降低睾丸切除率。因此,早期确诊和治疗是避免睾丸丧失的关键。     

精索扭转37例误诊分析

目的：提高精索扭转诊治水平。方法：对52例精索扭转患者首诊误诊37例(71．2％)的临床诊治资料进行回顾性分析。结果：37例患者中，误诊为急性附睾、睾丸炎30例(81．1％)，睾丸肿瘤3例(8．1％)，泌尿系结石2例(5．4％)，附睾结核及慢性结肠炎各1例(2．7％)。28例行B超检查，21例诊断符合(75．0％)，漏诊3例(10．7％)，误诊为急性附睾、睾丸炎及睾丸占位各2例(7．1％)。22例行彩色多普勒血流显像(CDFI)检查，20例诊断符合(90．9％)，误诊为附睾炎及睾丸占位各1例(4．5％)。2例入院时患侧睾丸已萎缩未手术。35例探查手术，其中26例睾丸切除，病理报告均为睾丸缺血性梗死；余9例保留睾丸并予固定(5例血运完全恢复，4例已不可逆性坏死，家属坚决要求保留)。因为首诊误诊，86．5％(32／37)患者睾丸切除或萎缩。结论：对于阴囊急症患者。尤其是青少年，首诊医生应高度警惕精索扭转可能性，可疑时立即行B超、CDFI检查，尽早手术探查，是降低误诊率、提高诊治水平、挽救睾丸功能的关键。     

睾丸扭转的诊治(附59例报告)

目的 探讨睾丸扭转的诊治。方法 回顾性分析59例睾丸扭转患者的临床资料。结果 1例为腹腔内恶变隐睾扭转，余58例（59次）发病时中位年龄18．5岁，均无发热，50例次在夜间或剧烈运动后发病。4例手法复位成功。1例手法复位后再次扭转，拒行手术致睾丸萎缩。2例明确睾丸已坏死未手术治疗，患睾逐渐萎缩。接受手术探查的52例中有15例睾 丸存活，其中发病超过24d的1例，不到10h11例。结论 青少年夜间或运动后突发急性睾丸痛应该警惕扭转的可能，必要时紧急手术探查，手法复位可尝试应用。     

Intermittent testicular pain: fix the testes

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the presenting features, signs and operative findings of children presenting with intermittent testicular pain, as testicular torsion is a relatively common and serious emergency in children that can lead to testicular loss in up to 80%, although half of these children have previous episodes of pain suggestive of intermittent torsion. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Data were collected prospectively for all patients presenting with recurrent pain between December 2000 and June 2001. Variables assessed included presenting symptoms, age, size, lie and position of the testis when supine and erect, the operative findings and follow-up. RESULTS: Eight children had at least two previous episodes of testicular pain; four of these were admitted on six occasions. Two had undergone previous scrotal exploration. On clinical examination, six boys had a transverse testicle and two a discrepancy in testicular size. All children had their testes fixed. At operation in all patients there was abnormal attachment of the tunica vaginalis with a typical 'bell clapper' deformity. On follow-up only one patient still complains of pain. CONCLUSION: In view of high incidence of abnormalities we consider that to improve the testicular salvage rate and prevent testicular atrophy, bilateral testicular fixation is recommended for boys with intermittent testicular pain and positive clinical findings.     

Chronic, aortic aneurysm rupture as one reason for retrospinal back pain]

The authors present the issue of rare causes of retrospinal back pain. Particular attention has been given to abdominal aortic aneurysm--it's clinical picture, diagnostic problems and treatment modes. A retrospective evaluation of 65 operated patients was performed. Diagnostic problems in a 66-year-old patient are also presented: the final diagnosis was determined at the time of surgery, although a low back pain treatment regimen had been formerly applied to this patient. The authors emphasise the frequent occurrence of atypical clinical signs accompanying abdominal aortic aneurysm, frequent correlation with degenerative changes of the spine, and the importance of differential diagnostics in patients with atypical symptoms of low back pain.