全口义齿垂直距离修复前后颌面形态的对比研究

通过对22例戴全口义齿2～5年患者常规修复新总义齿,升高咬合垂直距离,面部测量、头部X线片及(牙合)磨耗测量,发现面部形态的改变主要发生在下颌:面下1/3距离更接近面中1/3;(牙合)间隙减小;下颌颏点向下、向后移位;下颌体呈现顺时针旋转移位;上颌骨移位不明显,说明咬合垂直距离影响面部形态。(牙合)垂直距离恢复升高对无牙颌面部变化的长期影响尚待进一步研究。     

无牙颌位至最大开口位下颌运动规律的初步探讨

目的：探讨从无牙颌位至最大开口位时下颌颏部及髁突顶部的运动轨迹的规律，分析在无牙颌患者牙尖交错位建He与此运动轨迹的关系。方法：分别对22例无牙颌患者行无牙颌位、牙尖交错位和最大开口位时的头颅侧位X线片拍摄，测定在二三个位置时颏前点、髁突顶点以及相应的面角的改变。结果：颏前部从无牙颌位至牙尖交错位及最大开口位发生向下向后的移位，髁突顶发生向下向前的移位，SNPg角逐渐减小。结论：颏部及髁突从无牙颌位到最大开口位下颌的位置出现旋转性的位移，颏前部及髁突顶部可出现不同的旋转曲线，在此轨迹上有助于帮助确定牙尖交错位建He点。     

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目的探讨以改善牙弓形态、恢复咬合功能为目的的固定修复治疗所形成的咬合重建对颞下颌关节(TMJ)可能产生的影响。方法对内蒙古包头市中心医院口腔科2007年1月至2008年1月收治的13例前牙超覆、超覆盖,面下1/3垂直距离偏短的患者进行咬合重建,使患者实现正常的面容及咬合形态,同时观察TMJ的结构和功能的变化。结果13例患者均恢复了正常的咬合形态,改善了咀嚼功能和容貌,同时1例伴有颞下颌关节紊乱综合征(TMD)症状的患者TMD症状消失。结论对覆、覆盖异常,面下1/3垂直距离不足的咬合畸形患者恢复正常的咬合形态及面下1/3垂直距离,在改善容貌和咬合功能的同时,也去除了TMD的易感因素,对于缓解或解除TMD症状有良好的效果。     

咬合垂直距离改变与面形、颌关节及下颌运动变化的关系

咬合垂直距离改变与面形、颌关节及下颌运动变化的关系章捍东刘洪臣王照五曹均凯通过对无牙颌患者戴新旧总义齿时其面部形态、颌关节位置及下颌边缘运动最大幅值变化的比较，探讨了咬合垂直距离在保持面部正常形态、功能中的作用。一、材料与方法收集总义齿修复２～５年，...     

确定无牙颌患者垂直距离的感觉实验

采用无牙颌患者自我感觉判别法，对不同垂直距离、不同接触位置进行了双盲测试实验。结果表明：①根据无牙颌患者的自我感觉，可判定其下颌最适位垂直距离；②全口义齿正常咬合垂直距离有其生理范围，约２ｍｍ；③无牙颌患者下颌最适位垂直距离及生理范围受接触点位置影响，采用双侧后牙区接触比前牙区接触为好。由此提示：临床为无牙颌患者确定咬合垂直距离，应使双侧后牙区蜡堤接触、前牙区不接触。     

无牙颌总义齿咬合垂直距离修复前后颞下颌关节的对比研究

通过对１４例戴旧总义齿的无牙颌患者行新总义齿修复垂直距离升高前后颞颌关节间隙及髁状突相对于蝶窦中心的位置变化研究，发现咬合垂直距离的改变能引起髁状突位置的改变，垂直距离升高后，髁状突呈前移位，在总义齿修复中，防止及减缓垂直距离的降低，对维持ＴＭＪ的正常位置，预防无牙颌ＴＭＪＤＳ的发生有重要意义．     

牙列重度磨耗患者咬合重建前、后颞下颌关节的线性测量

目的 对牙列重度磨耗患者垂直距离进行恢复后,研究颞下颌关节间隙与垂直距离增高之间的相关性,探讨恢复髁突位置对咬合重建的影响。方法 纳入 30 例牙列重度磨耗行咬合重建的患者,在恢复垂直高度前后,对其双侧的颞下颌关节进行锥形束CT（cone-beam CT,CBCT）扫描,测量颞下颌关节前、上、后间隙大小,分析髁突位置;比较垂直距离恢复前、后的关节间隙等指标,分析患者恢复垂直距离前、后髁突位置的变化。采用SPSS 19.0软件包对颞下颌关节前、上、后间隙进行统计学分析。结果 30 例牙列重度磨耗患者颞下颌关节各间隙两侧之间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,故将两侧颞下颌关节间隙合并统计。治疗前关节前、上、后间隙分别为（2.01±0.52）mm、（3.15±0.94）mm、（2.70±0.98）mm;治疗后关节前、上、后间隙分别为 （2.03±0.35）mm、（3.46±0.74）mm、（2.79±0.58）mm。通过计算 In（P/A）值和线性比率（linear ratio,LR）得出重度磨耗患者治疗前 52%髁突前移位;咬合重建治疗后,治疗前髁突前移位的患者复位率达 86.7%。结论 重度磨耗患者除了恢复其垂直距离外,还应诱导髁突回到正常位置,避免产生关节症状。     

不同类型咬合板缓解TMD疼痛症状的研究

目的:研究松弛型咬合板和稳定型咬合板缓解颞下颌关节紊乱病(TMD)疼痛症状的疗效。方法:选择TMD患者68例(急性期30例,慢性期38例),每组又分两个亚组,分别戴用松弛型咬合板和稳定型咬合板,使用视觉模拟量表评价患者治疗前后疼痛强度的变化。结果:①戴咬合板后静息状态下急、慢性组患者疼痛指数均较戴咬合板前明显下降(P<0.05),两种咬合板缓解疼痛的程度无明显差异;②戴咬合板后功能状态下急、慢性组患者疼痛指数均较戴咬合板前明显下降(P<0.05),但急性组戴松弛型咬合板疼痛缓解程度更显著。结论:松弛型和稳定型咬合板能缓解TMD疼痛,松弛型咬合板缓解TMD急性患者疼痛症状更显著。     

青少年单侧颞下颌关节盘前移位患者面部不对称的特征

目的: 研究青少年单侧颞下颌关节盘前移位患者面部不对称畸形的特点及其与盘前移位的关系。方法：收集经磁共振确诊为单侧颞下颌关节盘前移位的10~20岁青少年单侧盘前移位连续病例,进行X线头颅定位正位片检查并测量,采用SPSS 18.0软件包,使用独立样本t检验分析左侧移位组和右侧移位组下颌骨(颏部、下颌角、髁突)、上颌骨(前鼻棘、颧牙槽嵴)和牙列(上、下牙列中点)不对称的特点。结果：105例10~20岁(平均16.76岁)青少年单侧盘前移位患者中,下颌偏斜患者67例(63.81%)。单侧盘前移位患者移位侧下颌骨垂直向高度不足,下颌角离散度增大,颏中线和上、下颌牙列中线向移位侧偏斜(P<0.05)。左侧盘前移位患者上颌骨未见显著不对称(P>0.05),右侧盘前移位患者上颌骨显著不对称(P<0.05)。结论：青少年单侧关节盘前移位患者表现出明显的面部不对称,且与单侧盘前移位患病侧紧密相关。面部不对称以下颌骨最为明显,表现为颏部偏向移位侧,以及下颌骨整体向移位侧旋转;上颌骨则表现出移位侧垂直向发育受影响的趋势。     

正畸治疗对唇腭裂术后反患者颅面结构的影响

本文通过对14名单侧完全性唇腭裂术后反患者正畸治疗前后软、硬组织头影测量研究发现正畸治疗后发生如下改变：①上切牙唇倾，向前移动；②上颌突度不变，下颌顺时针旋转；③上磨牙及上下前牙齿槽高度增加，上颌骨前部垂直距离加大；④上唇长度和厚度增加，上唇位置前移；⑤下唇厚及颏厚度增加但下唇及颏部突度稳定；⑥全面凸角减小。研究表明，在生长发育期对唇腭裂患者进行系统的正畸治疗，可使患者原有的凹面型侧貌得到明显改善。     

老年牙体重度磨耗伴牙列缺损关系处理的临床研究

目的探讨老年牙体重度磨耗伴牙列缺损关系处理问题。方法对86例老年牙体重度磨耗伴牙列缺损关系分为三类处理：①垂直距离不改变;②一次升高垂直距离修复;③一次升高垂直距离过渡修复,采用了多种修复方式。随访时间为3个月～5年,其中72例两年以上。结果患者的咀嚼功能均得到了明显改善;美观方面获得了不同程度的满意度;修复后多数未出现颞下颌关节问题（TMD）,偶发者经调后消失,修复前有TMD者,经修复治疗得到了缓解或并未加重;牙体牙髓牙周及修复体等一般情况多数良好。结论按本研究分类处理老年牙体重度磨耗伴牙列缺损关系的方法,临床易于掌握,既可保证患者疗效又适当缩短了疗程,取得了良好的临床效果。     

牙列重度磨耗对面高度的影响

目的 探讨重度磨耗对面高度的影响。方法 用Willis（威利斯）垂直测量尺测量牙列重度磨耗患者和正常对照组面中高，姿势位面下1／3高度（垂直距离），牙尖交错位面下1／3高度。结果牙列重度磨耗患者垂直距离显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）；而面中高及息止盼间隙与对照组之间未见显著性差异（P〉0．05）；磨耗组面中份高度与垂直距离间有显著性差异（P〈0．001）；而对照组面中高与垂直距离之间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论 牙列重度磨耗可导致垂直距离降低但息止耠间隙并未增大。     

Role of Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) in Facial Pain: Occlusion,Muscle and TMJ Pain

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) which comprise myogenic and arthralgic components have been reported to predispose subjects to headache and facial pain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of these components in patients with facial pain and to investigate the influence of treatment of TMD on pain of these patients. The subject group consisted of 25 patients suffering from facial pain. The clinical stomatognathic examination was performed before conservative treatment of TMD, and one-two weeks, three months and one year after treatment. The severity of TMD was assessed using the anamnestic (AI) and clinical dysfunction (DI) indices of Helkimo. The intensity of pain was evaluated on a numerical rating scale (NRS). According to clinical findings the patients were classified to following diagnostic subgroups: TMD myo (mainly myogenic), TMD arthro (mainly arthrogenous) and TMD comb (both myogenic and arthrogenous components involved). Fifteen patients were classified in the TMD myo group, nine in the TMD comb group and one in the TMD arthro group. The DI index decreased significantly one-two weeks after treatment and remained at this level at three month and one year follow-up examinations. At the first examination the TMD myo group had the highest level of NRS index, which decreased significantly during the time of follow-up, while no significant changes were found in other groups. Bruxism reported by the patient had a positive correlation with the amount of painful muscles on the right side at first examination. The results show that facial pain combined with TMD may be mostly of myogenic origin, and myogenic pain seems to have most favorable response to conservative treatment of TMD.     

伴有偏侧咀嚼习惯的颞下颌关节紊乱病患者全口义齿修复后髁状突位置变化的观察

目的：观察有偏侧咀嚼习惯的颢下颌关节紊乱病患者全口义齿修复前后髁状突位置的改变。方法：对34例偏侧咀嚼伴颞下颌关节紊乱病患者行重新全口义齿修复,于治疗前后拍摄双侧颞下颌关节薛氏位片,进行关节间隙测量。结果：治疗前关节前、上、后间隙（左／右）分别为1．10mm／3．76mm、1．24mm／1．87mm、5．54ram／1．98mm;治疗后分别为2．43mm／1．7mm、2．47mm／2．76ram、3．06mm／2．99mm。其中关节前、中、后间隙改变有统计学意义（P〈O．05）。结论：全口义齿重新修复治疗偏侧咀嚼伴颞下颌关节紊乱病的无牙颌患者,恢复其正常的垂直距离利于恢复髁状突在关节凹中的正常位置。     

The effect of increasing vertical dimension of occlusion on facial aesthetics

AIM: To investigate the effect of increasing the vertical dimension of occlusion on facial aesthetics. SETTING: General practice. METHOD: Questionnaires were sent to 96 patients who had been treated in the practice during the period of July 1998 to December 2000, resulting in an overall 72% response rate. All these patients had had their occlusal vertical dimension increased. Photographs of patients were taken before, during and after treatment. The questionnaire asked their opinion on the effects of the treatment on their facial features. To obtain an objective view to substantiate the opinions of the patients, a panel of five judges reviewed the before and after photographs and filled in their own questionnaires. RESULTS: Of the patients who responded to the questionnaire, 79.7% said they looked younger after the treatment. The panel thought 81.2% of the patients treated whose photographs they reviewed looked younger. CONCLUSION: Increasing the vertical dimension of occlusion can have far reaching effects on facial aesthetics, not just on the peri-oral areas but on the whole face.     

Role of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in facial pain: occlusion, muscle and TMJ pain

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) which comprise myogenic and arthralgic components have been reported to predispose subjects to headache and facial pain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of these components in patients with facial pain and to investigate the influence of treatment of TMD on pain of these patients. The subject group consisted of 25 patients suffering from facial pain. The clinical stomatognathic examination was performed before conservative treatment of TMD, and one-two weeks, three months and one year after treatment. The severity of TMD was assessed using the anamnestic (AI) and clinical dysfunction (DI) indices of Helkimo. The intensity of pain was evaluated on a numerical rating scale (NRS). According to clinical findings the patients were classified to following diagnostic subgroups: TMD myo (mainly myogenic), TMD arthro (mainly arthrogenous) and TMD comb (both myogenic and arthrogenous components involved). Fifteen patients were classified in the TMD myo group, nine in the TMD comb group and one in the TMD arthro group. The DI index decreased significantly one-two weeks after treatment and remained at this level at three month and one year follow-up examinations. At the first examination the TMD myo group had the highest level of NRS index, which decreased significantly during the time of follow-up, while no significant changes were found in other groups. Bruxism reported by the patient had a positive correlation with the amount of painful muscles on the right side at first examination. The results show that facial pain combined with TMD may be mostly of myogenic origin, and myogenic pain seems to have most favorable response to conservative treatment of TMD.     

伴有偏侧咀嚼习惯的颞下颌关节紊乱病患者全口义齿修复后髁状突位置变化的观察

目的：观察有偏侧咀嚼习惯的颢下颌关节紊乱病患者全口义齿修复前后髁状突位置的改变。方法：对34例偏侧咀嚼伴颞下颌关节紊乱病患者行重新全口义齿修复,于治疗前后拍摄双侧颞下颌关节薛氏位片,进行关节间隙测量。结果：治疗前关节前、上、后间隙（左／右）分别为1．10mm／3．76mm、1．24mm／1．87mm、5．54ram／1．98mm;治疗后分别为2．43mm／1．7mm、2．47mm／2．76ram、3．06mm／2．99mm。其中关节前、中、后间隙改变有统计学意义（P〈O．05）。结论：全口义齿重新修复治疗偏侧咀嚼伴颞下颌关节紊乱病的无牙颌患者,恢复其正常的垂直距离利于恢复髁状突在关节凹中的正常位置。     

Longitudinal effects of rapid maxillary expansion

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long-term effects of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) via banded expanders in the sagittal and vertical facial planes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The sample consisted of 25 patients who had undergone RME (with either Haas-type or Hyrax hygienic expanders) followed by standard edgewise orthodontic therapy. This sample was compared with a group of 25 patients who had edgewise treatment only and with a control nontreatment group of 26 subjects, matched by age and gender with the patients of the other two groups. Lateral cephalograms were taken before treatment (T1), at the end of treatment (T2), and at 3 years posttreatment (T3), comprising a 5-year average time of observation. RESULTS: RME treatment, in the long-term, did not influence the sagittal position of the apical jaw bases or the facial vertical dimension. CONCLUSION: Unfavorable cephalometric changes resulting immediately after RME are temporary, and therefore concerns about using RME in patients with vertical growth patterns or an extremely convex facial profile are not substantiated.     

老年人颞下颌关节紊乱病的(牙合)重建治疗

目的:观察(牙合)重建治疗老年人颞下颌关节紊乱病的临床疗效.方法:采用暂时性咬合板治疗26例因后牙缺失或重度磨耗所导致的老年TMD患者,3个月后待症状缓解时以金属烤瓷冠桥或可摘局部义齿对其进行永久性(牙合)重建治疗,随访时间(牙合)重建后3个月至3年.结果:戴暂时性咬合板3个月时,患者疼痛、弹响、张口受限症状消失分别为80.7%、56.5%和70.6%;永久性(牙合)重建后随访以上各项指标为88.4%、69.6%和82.3%.结论:(牙合)重建治疗对于老年人因后牙缺失及重度磨耗所致的TMD是一种有效的保守治疗方法.     

咬合垂直距离升高后咬合重建修复患者的头影测量分析

目的 采用X线头影测量方法研究咬合垂直距离(occlusal vertical dimension,OVD)升高后咬合重建修复患者的软硬组织变化情况.方法 咬合升高重建修复患者15例,分别于修复前后拍摄X线头颅侧位片进行头影测量分析,对结果进行配对t检验.结果 修复后,反映颅部骨性结构及上颌骨相对颅部的各测量项目与升高前相比,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05)；描述颌骨矢状向关系的测量项目中,SNB角、SND角、SNPog角、颌凸角及SN-Y轴角修复前后的差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05)；描述颌骨垂直向关系的各测量项目除ANS-FH外,修复前后的差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).描述下颌骨形态的SL、SE,描述(牙合)的覆验、IMPA及FMIA,描述软组织侧貌的Z角及Sn、TUL、TLL、SB分别到McNamara线距,修复前后的差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).其中SNB角减小1.13°(P＜0.05),SND角减小2.27°(P ＜0.05)；SE减少1.02 mm(P ＜0.05),SL减少3.07 mm(P＜0.05).结论 OVD升高后的咬合重建修复使患者下颌骨向下向后旋转,双唇突点内收,面部比例及软组织侧貌得到改善.