老年患者上消化道出血186例临床分析

目的 探讨老年人上消化道出血的临床特点.方法 回顾分析我院2006年1月-2007年12月间收治的老年人上消化道出血186例的临床特点,并与同期中青年病例比较.结果 老年人上消化道出血仍以消化性溃疡多见(53.76%),但胃溃疡出血发生率增加(32.79%),高于十二指肠溃疡发生率(20.97%),与中青年人以十二指肠溃疡为主有显著差异;胃癌出血发生率显著上升(15.59%),占病因第二位,与中青年人相比差异显著;老年人合并病(47.84%)、并发症(27.41%)、再出血率(19.35%)和死亡率(11.82%)显著高于中青年组.结论 老年人上消化道出血仍以消化性溃疡为多见,胃溃疡、胃癌出血发生率增加,并发症多,再出血率和死亡率高.     

老年患者上消化道出血186例临床分析

目的 探讨老年人上消化道出血的临床特点.方法 回顾分析我院2006年1月-2007年12月间收治的老年人上消化道出血186例的临床特点,并与同期中青年病例比较.结果 老年人上消化道出血仍以消化性溃疡多见(53.76%),但胃溃疡出血发生率增加(32.79%),高于十二指肠溃疡发生率(20.97%),与中青年人以十二指肠溃疡为主有显著差异;胃癌出血发生率显著上升(15.59%),占病因第二位,与中青年人相比差异显著;老年人合并病(47.84%)、并发症(27.41%)、再出血率(19.35%)和死亡率(11.82%)显著高于中青年组.结论 老年人上消化道出血仍以消化性溃疡为多见,胃溃疡、胃癌出血发生率增加,并发症多,再出血率和死亡率高.     

老年患者上消化道出血186例临床分析

目的 探讨老年人上消化道出血的临床特点.方法 回顾分析我院2006年1月-2007年12月间收治的老年人上消化道出血186例的临床特点,并与同期中青年病例比较.结果 老年人上消化道出血仍以消化性溃疡多见(53.76%),但胃溃疡出血发生率增加(32.79%),高于十二指肠溃疡发生率(20.97%),与中青年人以十二指肠溃疡为主有显著差异;胃癌出血发生率显著上升(15.59%),占病因第二位,与中青年人相比差异显著;老年人合并病(47.84%)、并发症(27.41%)、再出血率(19.35%)和死亡率(11.82%)显著高于中青年组.结论 老年人上消化道出血仍以消化性溃疡为多见,胃溃疡、胃癌出血发生率增加,并发症多,再出血率和死亡率高.     

老年患者上消化道出血186例临床分析

目的 探讨老年人上消化道出血的临床特点.方法 回顾分析我院2006年1月-2007年12月间收治的老年人上消化道出血186例的临床特点,并与同期中青年病例比较.结果 老年人上消化道出血仍以消化性溃疡多见(53.76%),但胃溃疡出血发生率增加(32.79%),高于十二指肠溃疡发生率(20.97%),与中青年人以十二指肠溃疡为主有显著差异;胃癌出血发生率显著上升(15.59%),占病因第二位,与中青年人相比差异显著;老年人合并病(47.84%)、并发症(27.41%)、再出血率(19.35%)和死亡率(11.82%)显著高于中青年组.结论 老年人上消化道出血仍以消化性溃疡为多见,胃溃疡、胃癌出血发生率增加,并发症多,再出血率和死亡率高.     

老年患者上消化道出血186例临床分析

目的 探讨老年人上消化道出血的临床特点.方法 回顾分析我院2006年1月-2007年12月间收治的老年人上消化道出血186例的临床特点,并与同期中青年病例比较.结果 老年人上消化道出血仍以消化性溃疡多见(53.76%),但胃溃疡出血发生率增加(32.79%),高于十二指肠溃疡发生率(20.97%),与中青年人以十二指肠溃疡为主有显著差异;胃癌出血发生率显著上升(15.59%),占病因第二位,与中青年人相比差异显著;老年人合并病(47.84%)、并发症(27.41%)、再出血率(19.35%)和死亡率(11.82%)显著高于中青年组.结论 老年人上消化道出血仍以消化性溃疡为多见,胃溃疡、胃癌出血发生率增加,并发症多,再出血率和死亡率高.     

老年患者上消化道出血186例临床分析

目的 探讨老年人上消化道出血的临床特点.方法 回顾分析我院2006年1月-2007年12月间收治的老年人上消化道出血186例的临床特点,并与同期中青年病例比较.结果 老年人上消化道出血仍以消化性溃疡多见(53.76%),但胃溃疡出血发生率增加(32.79%),高于十二指肠溃疡发生率(20.97%),与中青年人以十二指肠溃疡为主有显著差异;胃癌出血发生率显著上升(15.59%),占病因第二位,与中青年人相比差异显著;老年人合并病(47.84%)、并发症(27.41%)、再出血率(19.35%)和死亡率(11.82%)显著高于中青年组.结论 老年人上消化道出血仍以消化性溃疡为多见,胃溃疡、胃癌出血发生率增加,并发症多,再出血率和死亡率高.     

老年患者上消化道出血186例临床分析

目的 探讨老年人上消化道出血的临床特点.方法 回顾分析我院2006年1月-2007年12月间收治的老年人上消化道出血186例的临床特点,并与同期中青年病例比较.结果 老年人上消化道出血仍以消化性溃疡多见(53.76%),但胃溃疡出血发生率增加(32.79%),高于十二指肠溃疡发生率(20.97%),与中青年人以十二指肠溃疡为主有显著差异;胃癌出血发生率显著上升(15.59%),占病因第二位,与中青年人相比差异显著;老年人合并病(47.84%)、并发症(27.41%)、再出血率(19.35%)和死亡率(11.82%)显著高于中青年组.结论 老年人上消化道出血仍以消化性溃疡为多见,胃溃疡、胃癌出血发生率增加,并发症多,再出血率和死亡率高.     

老年人上消化道出血110例临床分析

目的探讨老年人上消化道出血的临床特点。方法回顾性分析我院在2005年5月至2008年5月期间收治老年人上消化道出血110例患者的临床资料，并与同期中青年病例比较。结果老年人上消化道出血仍以消化性溃疡多见（59．1％），但是胃溃疡出血发生率增加（32．7％），高于十二指肠溃疡发生率（20．9％），与中青年人以十二指肠溃疡为主有显著性差异；胃癌出血发生率显著增加（18．2％），占病因第2位，与中青年人相比差异显著；老年病人合并症、并发症、再出血率和死亡率显著高于中青年组。结论老年人上消化道出血仍以消化性溃疡为多见，胃溃疡、胃癌出血发生率增加，并发症多，再出血率和死亡率高。     

老年患者上消化道出血57例临床分析

目的探讨老年患者上消化道出血的病因。方法回顾性分析我院1999年1月-2007年12月收治的老年患者上消化道出血57例的临床特点,并与同期中青年病例比较。结果老年人上消化道出血仍以消化性溃疡多见（占43．5％）,但胃溃疡出血发生率增加（22．58％）,稍高于十二指肠溃疡发病率（20．97％）,与中青年人以十二指肠溃疡为主有显著性差异;胃癌出血发生率显著增加（18．28％）,占病因第二位,与中青年人相比有显著性差异;老年患者合并症、并发症、再出血率和死亡率显著高于中青年组。结论老年人上消化道出血仍以消化性溃疡为多见,胃溃疡、胃癌出血发生率增加,并发症多,再出血率和死亡率高。     

老年患者上消化道出血186例临床分析

目的探讨老年人上消化道出血的临床特点。方法回顾分析我院2006年1月-2007年12月间收治的老年人上消化道出血186例的临床特点,并与同期中青年病例比较。结果老年人上消化道出血仍以消化性溃疡多见（53．76％）,但胃溃疡出血发生率增加（32．79％）,高于十二指肠溃疡发生率（20．97％）,与中青年人以十二指肠溃疡为主有显著差异;胃癌出血发生率显著上升（15．59％）,占病因第二位,与中青年人相比差异显著;老年人合并病（47．84％）、并发症（27．41％）、再出血率（19．35％）和死亡率（11．82％）显著高于中青年组。结论老年人上消化道出血仍以消化性溃疡为多见,胃溃疡、胃癌出血发生率增加,并发症多,再出血率和死亡率高。     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence among men and women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders

This study explored gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence in a crosssectional study of 150 men and 150 women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders (AUD). Participants were recruited in equal numbers from treatment settings, correctional centres and the general community. Standardized measures were used to determine participants' use of substances, history of psychiatric disorders and psychosocial stress, their sensation seeking and family history of substance use and mental health disorders. Multivariate analyses were used to detect patterns of variables associated with gender and the lifetime severity of AUD. Men had a longer history of severe AUD than women. Women had similar levels of alcohol dependence and medical and psychological sequelae as men, despite 6 fewer years of AUD. More women than men had a history of severe psychosocial stress, severe dependence on other substances and antecedent mental health problems, especially mood and anxiety disorders. There were differences in family history of alcohol-related problems approximating same-gender aggregation. The severity of a lifetime AUD was predicted by its earlier age at onset and the occurrence of other disorders, especially anxiety, among both men and women. The limitations in the generalizability of these findings due to sample idiosyncrasies are discussed.