维持性血液透析患者心血管并发症及防治对策

目的:探讨维持性血液透析患者发生不良心血管事件的危险因素.方法:选取2010年12月～2011年12月于我科维持性血液透析患者70例.根据不良心血管事件确认标准分为有心血管疾病组45例,无心血管疾病组25例.记录两组患者年龄、性别、原发病、透析龄;同时记录血生化指标:血尿酸、血红蛋白、血浆白蛋白、总蛋白、胆固醇、三酰甘油、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白、血钙、血磷、钙磷乘积、全段甲状旁腺素(iPTH)、25 -(OH) D3、碱性磷酸酶、尿素氮、肌酐水平.结果:有心血管疾病组年龄、透析龄明显高于无心血管疾病组(P＜0.01);有心血管疾病组患者血尿酸、血钙水平高于无心血管疾病组(P＜0.05),而血25- (OH)D3水平在有心血管疾病组明显低于无心血管疾病组(P＜0.01);二分类Log istic回归分析显示年龄、透析龄、低密度脂蛋白、钙磷乘积、25-(OH)D3、血尿酸是血液透析患者发生不良心血管事件的重要危险因素.结论:心血管疾病是血液透析患者常见的并发症之一,年龄、透析龄、低密度脂蛋白、钙磷乘积、25- (OH)D3、血尿酸是血透患者发生不良心血管事件的重要危险因素.     

维持性血液透析患者发生不良心血管事件危险因素的分析

目的：探讨维持性血液透析患者发生不良心血管事件的危险因素。方法：选取2009年1月～12月于我科维持性血液透析患者58例,透析时间≥3月。根据不良心血管事件确认标准分为有心血管疾病组28例,无心血管事件组30例。记录两组患者年龄、性别、原发病、透析龄;同时记录血生化指标：血尿酸、血红蛋白、血浆白蛋白、总蛋白、胆固醇、三酰甘油、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白、血钙、血磷、钙磷乘积、全段甲状旁腺素（iPTH）、25-（OH）D3、碱性磷酸酶、尿素氮、肌酐水平。结果：有心血管事件组年龄、透析龄明显高于无心血管事件组（P〈0.01）;有心血管事件组患者血尿酸、血钙水平高于无心血管事件组（P〈0.05）,而血25-（OH）D3水平在有心血管事件组明显低于无心血管事件组（P〈0.01）;二分类Lo-gistic回归分析显示年龄、透析龄、低密度脂蛋白、钙磷乘积、25-（OH）D3、血尿酸是血液透析患者发生不良心血管事件的重要危险因素。结论：心血管疾病是血液透析患者常见的并发症之一,年龄、透析龄、低密度脂蛋白、钙磷乘积、25-（OH）D3、血尿酸是血透患者发生不良心血管事件的重要危险因素。     

维持性腹膜透析患者血清25羟维生素D浓度及影响因素分析

目的 观察维持性腹膜透析患者体内25羟维生素D[25(OH)D]的浓度及其影响因素分析.方法 选取2015年7月至2015年10月在无锡市人民医院腹膜透析中心行持续不卧床腹膜透析(CAPD)或白天不卧床腹膜透析(DAPD)治疗>6个月的终末期肾衰患者为对象进行横断面调查及回顾性分析.选择同期于本院体检中心行体检健康者100例为健康对照组.采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)方法检测上述研究对象的25(OH)D的水平,根据K/DOQI指南标准分为维生素D正常组、不足组、缺乏组.分析各组患者及健康对照组之间人口学、临床及实验室资料之间的差异.并分析影响25(OH)D浓度的因素.结果 110例腹膜透析患者的25(OH)D水平(23.27±10.22)ng/mL低于健康对照组25(OH)D水平(34.82±9.58)ng/mL,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.0001).腹膜透析患者中25(OH)D水平正常组22例(20%),不足组67例(60.9%),缺乏组21例(19.1%),提示大部分腹膜透析患者存在25(OH)D水平不足、缺乏.入选腹膜透析患者,女性25(OH)D 水平缺乏比例(31.91%)明显高于男性(9.52%).腹膜透析患者中25(OH)D缺乏组的血红蛋白、白蛋白显著低于正常组,而总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇显著高于正常组(P<0.05).缺乏组的血红蛋白、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇低于不足组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).25(OH)D水平与白蛋白呈正相关(r=0.2883,P<0.0001),与血磷(r=-0.5156,P<0.0001)、甘油三酯(r=-0.2254,P=0.0179)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(r=-0.3004,P=0.0014)成负相关.结论 腹膜透析患者普遍存在维生素D缺乏或不足.25(OH)D水平与白蛋白呈正相关,与血磷、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇成负相关.建议对于严重缺乏维生素D的腹膜透析患者予合理补充维生素D.     

慢性肾脏病5期患者25-羟维生素D3不足与缺乏

目的 评估慢性肾脏病(CKD)5期患者25-羟维生素D3[25 (OH) D3]不足与缺乏的患病率及其影响因素.方法 对本院96例CKD 5期患者的病史、实验室检查结果等进行回顾性分析.纳入研究的变量包括:血25 (OH) D3检测值,血白细胞(WBC)、血红蛋白(Hb)、血清尿素氮(BUN)、血清肌酐(Scr)、二氧化碳结合力(CO2CP)、血清白蛋白(Alb)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、总胆固醇(TCH)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)、甘油三脂(TG)、钙、磷、全段甲状旁腺激素(iPTH)等.分析25 (OH) D3水平与各项观察指标间的关系.结果 96例CKD 5期患者的25 (OH) D3平均水平为33.25(24.85～ 44.30) nmol/L,显著低于正常值(P＜0.01);非透析患者、维持性血液透析(以下简称血透)患者、维持性腹膜透析(以下简称腹透)患者25-羟维生素D3水平分别为32.70(25.30～43.70) nmol/L、37.00(29.20～ 48.65)nmoL/L和27.05(19.20 ～ 35.37) nmol/L.CKD5期患者的25 (OH) D3不足患病率为32.29％;在非透析、血透、腹透患者中分别为27.91％、45.45％和20％;CKD5期患者25 (OH) D3缺乏患病率为64.58％,在非透析、血透、腹透患者中分别为67.44％、51.52％和80％;25 (OH) D3缺乏及不足患病率为96.88％,非透析、血透、腹透患者中分别为95.35％、96.97％和100％,各患病率三组间差异无统计学意义.单因素相关分析结果显示,25 (OH) D3水平与Hb(r=0.222)、Alb(r=0.398)相关(P＜0.05).多元线性回归分析结果显示,Alb水平与25 (OH) D3水平呈正相关.结论 CKD5患者的维生素D缺乏和不足患病率高,普遍存在.Alb是CKD5期患者维生素D水平不足或缺乏的独立影响因素.     

慢性肾脏病患者25-羟维生素D3水平的改变及其影响因素分析

目的检测慢性肾脏病(chronickidneydisease,CKD)患者不同进展阶段25-羟维生素D3[25(OH)D3]的浓度,25(OH)D3水平与CKD发生、发展的关系,进一步探讨活性维生素D在CKD患者中的合理应用。方法收集2014年11月至2015年11月中国医科大学附属第一医院肾脏内科住院的非血液净化的CKD患者885例及急性肾损伤患者11例,分别测定25(OH)D3及血红蛋白(hemoglobin,Hb)、血肌酐(SCr)、尿素氮(BUN)、血清胱抑素C(Cystatin C,Cys-C)、血钙、血磷、血碳酸氢根(HCO)3)、血尿酸(uric acid,UA)、血总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、三酰甘油(triglyceride,TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)、血白蛋白(albumin,Alb)、血清碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphates,ALP)、C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)、糖化血红蛋白(-HbAlC)及采用化学发光法测量血清全段甲状旁腺素(immunoreactive parathyroid hormone,讧TH)。统计CKD不同阶段25(OH)D3不足及缺乏的发生率,分析不同维生素D水平分组下各项生化指标的变化趋势并进行相关性分析。结果①随肾脏病的进展,维生素D严重缺乏的发生率呈升高趋势。急性肾损伤患者25(OH)D3水平为(15.8±9.16)ng/ml,明显高于CKD各期(P0.05)。随25(OH)D3水平下降,患者的血压(收缩压、舒张压)水平升高,尿蛋白的程度加重,血白蛋白水平下降,钙磷代谢紊乱(血钙下降,血磷升高)及血脂代谢异常加重,不同维生素D水平分组间差异有统计学意义(P0.05),而年龄、左室射血分数、肾功能相关指标、骨代谢指标、血尿酸、血红蛋白、C反应蛋白则无统计学差异(P0.05);②25(OH)D3水平与尿蛋白程度相关,中度尿蛋白组和大量尿蛋白组25(OH)D3浓度均明显低于正常尿蛋白组和低尿蛋白组(P0.05);且随着蛋白尿病情加重,维生素D严重缺乏的发生率升高,在各尿蛋白组间差异有统计学意义(χ~2=251.75,P=0.000)。③25(OH)D3水平与血白蛋白、血钙、血红蛋白水平呈正相关;与收缩压、舒张压、尿蛋白定量、磷、血脂水平呈负相关。血白蛋白、收缩压、尿蛋白定量、血红蛋白是25(OH)D3水平的独立危险因素。结论我国东北地区CKD患者维生素D缺乏更加严重。25(OH)D3水平与CKD临床重要指标相关。血白蛋白、收缩压、24 h尿蛋白定量、血红蛋白是25(OH)D3水平的独立危险因素。     

维持性腹膜透析患者血压变异性与心血管事件发生相关性研究

目的分析维持性腹膜透析患者一周血压变异性(blood pressure variability,BPV)与主要不良心血管事件的关系。方法在南阳市中心医院腹膜透析中心2014年1月至2016年1月纳入85例透析时间大于3个月的腹膜透析患者,收集入院腹膜透析评估时的一周晨起血压以及其他临床资料,并根据中位血压变异系数,分为高BPV组(血压变异系数11.0%)与低BPV组(血压变异系数≤11.0%),随访至2017年5月,监测两组主要不良心血管事件(心血管死亡、需住院治疗的心肌梗死、心绞痛、心力衰竭、卒中)的发生情况。结果高BPV组与低BPV组透析相关指标(透析龄、Kt/V、日出液量)、原发病比例、钙磷代谢、血脂、血红蛋白及血白蛋白等指标,均无明显统计学差异。经中位随访15个月,腹膜透析患者主要不良心血管事件总发生率24.7%,其中心力衰竭发生率最高(15.3%)。高BPV组主要不良心血管事件总发生率(30.4%)高于低BPV组(17.9%),但并无统计差异(P=0.181)。腹膜透析患者无心血管事件中位存活时间30.5(27.2,33.8)个月,低BPV组无心血管事件存活时间33.9(30.1,37.8)个月高于高BPV组27.1(22.1,32.1)个月(χ~2=4.649,P0.05)。结论维持性腹膜透析患者中,一周血压变异性与无心血管事件存活时间密切相关,血压变异性越高,无心血管事件存活时间相对越短。     

维持性血液透析患者微炎症与动脉粥样硬化的关系

目的 探讨维持性血液透析患者微炎症与动脉粥样硬化的关系.方法 测定40例经透析充分的维持性血液透析患者透析前血肌酐、血尿酸、血糖、血浆白蛋白、甘油三酯、胆固醇、C反应蛋白、白细胞介素6、肿瘤坏死因子α.应用超声测定颈动脉中层厚度及有无颈动脉斑块形成.结果 两组患者在年龄、性别构成、血脂、血糖、血尿酸水平比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)的前提下,动脉粥样硬化组患者C反应蛋白、白细胞介素6及肿瘤坏死因子α与非动脉粥样硬化组患者比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 微炎症参与了维持性血液透析患者动脉粥样硬化的形成.     

老年维持性血液透析尿毒症患者死亡原因及相关因素分析

目的：探讨老年维持性血液透析尿毒症患者的死亡原因及其相关因素。方法：回顾性分析2003年1月～2007年12月在我院透析中心进行维持性血液透析的老年尿毒症患者118例,以死亡患者为研究组,存活患者为对照组,探讨两组患者原发病、合并疾病和死亡原因,临床指标包括透析前及透析3个月时血尿素氮和血肌酐、血红蛋白、红细胞压积、血浆白蛋白、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、血钙、血磷、甲状旁腺素。结果：（1）糖尿病肾病（38．1％）是主要病因,死亡组与对照组相比,两组原发病的构成比无统计学差异（P〉0．05）;（2）与对照组相比,死亡组患者存在合并症的比例更高（P〈0．05）;（3）47例死亡患者中死于心血管疾病20例（42．6％）,脑血管疾病11例（23．4％）;（4）与对照组相比,死亡组患者的年龄、透析开始时尿素氮和血肌酐水平、血磷、钙磷乘积显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）;而血浆白蛋白、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、透析3个月时的尿素氮和血肌酐水平显著低于对照组（P〈0．05）;（5）Logistic回归分析的结果显示年龄、糖尿病、低血浆白蛋白、低总胆固醇是死亡的独立危险因素。结论：在老年维持性血液透析尿毒症患者,心脑血管疾病是死亡的主要原因。年龄、糖尿病、低血浆白蛋白、低总胆固醇是老年维持性血液透析尿毒症患者死亡的独立危险因素。     

维持性腹膜透析患者血尿酸水平与Ca~(2+)、P~(3-)、iPTH的临床研究

目的:通过对单中心维持性腹膜透析患者血尿酸水平与Ca~(2+)、P~(3-)、iPTH关系的研究,探讨血尿酸是否是腹膜透析患者发生钙磷代谢紊乱的危险因素。方法:选取2014年01月～2018年08月于我科开始行腹膜透析并规律随访至少12月的患者136例,分为高尿酸血症组(尿酸≥420μmol/L)和尿酸正常组(尿酸420μmol/L),收集患者腹膜透析12月时的一般资料及血生化指标,分析血尿酸水平与Ca~(2+)、P~(3-)、iPTH之间的关系。结果:(1) 136例患者腹膜透析12月时高尿酸血症者共56例(41. 18%),高尿酸血症组患者SBP、Alb、Scr、TC、P~(3-)、iPTH均高于尿酸正常组,HDL低于尿酸正常组,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05);两组间在性别、年龄、原发疾病、BMI、Ca~(2+)、ALP、eGFR之间差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05)。(2) Pearson相关分析显示血尿酸与SBP、Alb、Scr、TC、P~(3-)、iPTH呈正相关。(3)多重线性回归分析表明SBP、TC、Scr、P~(3-)、iPTH是血尿酸升高的危险因素。结论:维持性腹膜透析患者常合并高尿酸血症,控制血尿酸,可能有助于改善腹膜透析患者钙磷代谢紊乱的发生发展。     

肌注维生素D2治疗维持性血液透析患者25羟维生素D缺乏的临床观察

目的分析维持性血液透析患者的血清25-羟维生素D[25(OH)D]水平,探讨肌注维生素D2注射液治疗25羟维生素D缺乏的作用。 方法检测我院2020年12月至2021年2月170例维持性血液透析患者空腹血清25(OH)D水平,根据血清25(OH)D水平将患者分为严重缺乏组、缺乏组、不足组和正常组。分析血清25(OH)D水平与患者性别、年龄、透析龄、血红蛋白、白蛋白、血钙、血磷、全段甲状旁腺激素(iPTH)的相关性。其中86例维生素D缺乏或不足的血透患者,随机分为对照组(n＝43)和治疗组(n＝43),对照组给予常规治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上给予肌注维生素D2 (20万单位,1次/2周),连续3个月。比较患者治疗前后血清25(OH)D、血红蛋白、白蛋白、钙、磷、iPTH水平的变化,并观察不良反应情况。 结果170例患者中,维生素D严重缺乏组33例(19.4%),缺乏组33例(19.4%),不足组70例(41.2%),正常组34例(20%)。男性25(OH)D水平显著高于女性(P<0.05)。正常组与维生素D缺乏组和不足组在透析龄、血红蛋白、白蛋白差异方面均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。血清25(OH)D与年龄、血钙、血磷、甲状旁腺激素无显著相关性(P>0.05)。多元线性逐步回归分析显示,血清25(OH)D与血红蛋白、白蛋白具有相关性(P<0.05)。肌注维生素D2 3月后可使血液透析患者的25(OH)D水平显著上升(P<0.05),同时血红蛋白、血清白蛋白、磷上升(P<0.05),对血钙、iPTH无显著影响(P>0.1)。 结论维持性血液透析患者维生素D缺乏发生率高,血清25(OH)D水平与性别、贫血、营养不良存在密切关系,肌注维生素D2可改善血透患者贫血、营养不良情况,但可能带来血磷升高。     

Relationship between serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol deficiency and the risk of peritoneal dialysis associated peritonitis

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol[25(OH)D3] deficiency and the risk of peritoneal dialysis associated peritonitis. Methods Baseline clinical data (before the peritoneal dialysis catheter insertion) of peritoneal dialysis patients treated with CAPD in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from May 1, 2013 to February 1, 2016 were retrospective analyzed. All the patients were followed-up until July 31, 2016. According to the baseline serum 25(OH)D3 levels, patients were divided into deficiency group (25(OH)D3＜15 ng/ml) and non deficiency group (25(OH)D3 ≥15 ng/ml), the baseline clinical data of the two groups were also analyzed. Kaplan-Meier method was used to compare the time-to-peritonitis of two groups. Cox proportional hazard model was used to analyze the relationship between the 25(OH)D3 deficiency and the risk of peritonitis. ROC curve was used to analyze the predictive value of the baseline serum 25(OH)D3 for the risk of PDAP in peritoneal dialysis patients. Results Compared with the 25(OH)D3 non deficiency group, 25(OH)D3 deficiency group had a significant increase incidence of peritonitis, high diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure, but serum albumin, total serum protein decreased significantly (P＜0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that, compared with 25(OH)D3 non deficiency group, the time-to-peritonitis episode of patients with 25(OH)D3 deficiency were shorter (P＜0.05). Cox proportional hazard model showed that after adjusting for age, sex, hemoglobin, serum albumin, C-reactive protein, total Kt/V, eGFR, diabetes or not, 25(OH)D3 deficiency is the independent risk factor of peritoneal dialysis associated peritonitis (HR 5.247, 95%CI 1.180-23.340, P＜0.05). ROC curve showed the area under the curve that baseline serum 25(OH)D3 deficiency predict the occurrence of PDAP was 0.714, and the best cut-off point of baseline serum 25(OH)D3 was 11.35 ng/ml (sensitivity 75%, specificity 63%). Conclusions Peritoneal dialysis associated peritonitis occurred earlier in peritoneal dialysis patients whose baseline serum 25(OH)D3 deficiency. Baseline serum 25(OH)D3 deficiency is the independent risk factor of peritoneal dialysis associated peritonitis, which may predict the incidence of peritoneal dialysis associated peritonitis.     

Prevalence and risk factors of restless legs syndrome in peritoneal dialysis patients

Objective To investigate the prevalence of restless legs syndrome (RLS) in peritoneal dialysis patients and analyze the related risk factors. Methods This study was a cross-sectional study. The patients receiving maintenance peritoneal dialysis from January 2017 to December 2017 in the Peritoneal Dialysis Center of the Second Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University were selected as the study subjects. RLS was screened for peritoneal dialysis patients by epidemiological field investigation based on the RLS diagnostic criteria of the International Restless Leg Syndrome Research Group in 2014. Clinical data and laboratory examinations of selected patients were collected and the differences of clinical indicators between RLS and non-RLS patients were compared. The risk factors related to RLS were analyzed by logistic regression. Results Seventy-six cases of RLS were screened out from 396 PD patients. The prevalence of RLS was 19.2%. Compared with non-RLS group, RLS group patients had longer dialysis age, less 24 hours urine volume, and elevated blood intact Parathormone (iPTH) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) (all P﹤0.05). There was no significant difference in primary disease ratio, sex, age, body mass index, blood pressure, hemoglobin, creatinine, urea nitrogen, uric acid, ferritin, serum iron, transferrin saturation, blood calcium, blood phosphorus, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein, high density lipoprotein, eGFR, Kt/V, Ccr between RLS and non-RLS group patients (all P﹥0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that long dialysis age (OR=1.010, 95%CI 1.001-1.018, P=0.022) and high blood AKP (OR=1.005, 95%CI 1.001-1.010, P=0.021) were independent risk factors for RLS in peritoneal dialysis patients (both P﹤0.05). Conclusions The prevalence of RLS is high in peritoneal dialysis patients. Long dialysis age and high blood AKP are independent risk factors for RLS.     

Changes of serum leptin levels and the influential factors in peritoneal dialysis patients

Objective To investigate the changes of serum leptin levels and the influential factors in maintenance peritoneal dialysis patients. Methods Seventy-six peritoneal dialysis patients were chosen at the time before, and 3 months, 6 months, 12 months, 18 months and 24 months after they began the peritoneal dialysis therapy, to examine body mass index (BMI), triceps skinfold thickness (TSF), abdominal circumference, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), the plasma lipid profile, and leptin in the same situation. Results For 24 months, these patients showed higher serum leptin level than the values before commencing peritoneal dialysis treatment (P＜0.01). The level of leptin was positively correlated with the BMI(r＝0.412, P＜0.01), TSF(r＝0.308, P＜0.01), abdominal circumference(r＝0.284, P＜0.01), HOMA-IR(r＝0.184, P＜0.01) and TG(r＝0.288, P＜0.01), negatively corelated with the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)(r＝-0.285, P＜0.01). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that BMI (β＝0.339, P＜0.01), TG(β＝0.157, P＜0.01) and HDL (β＝-0.126, P＜0.05)were significant predictive factors for the changes of serum leptin levels. Conclusion Leptin maybe involve in the occurrence and the development of cardiovascular events like other metabolic parameters in peritoneal dialysis therapy.     

Relationship between low vitamin D level and metabolic syndrome in maintenance hemodialysis patients

Objective To evaluate the relationship between low vitamin D level and metabolic syndrome (MS) in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. Methods A total of 143 patients who had received MHD from Jan 2016 to Jan 2017 in the dialysis center of our hospital were enrolled. Their clinical and laboratory data were collected. The serum 25(OH)D3 levels were measured by chemiluminescence instrument. According to the levels of 25(OH)D3, patients were divided into three groups: sufficient group (＞30 μg/L), insufficient group (15-30 μg/L) and deficient group (＜15 μg/L) to explore how the 25(OH)D3 were associated with MS and abnormal metabolic parameters, including central obesity, raised triglycerides (TG), reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), raised systolic blood pressure (SBP), raised diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and increased fasting blood glucose (FBG). The risk factors of MS and abnormal metabolic factors were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression model. Results Among the 143 MHD patients, the median of serum 25(OH)D3 was 24.30(12.90, 29.50) μg/L and the prevalence of MS was 45.45%(65 cases). Among 3 groups the prevalence of MS, the abdominal circumference and the serum TG showed statistical differences, and they increased with the severity of 25(OH)D3 deficiency (all P＜0.05). The body mass indexes of patients in the insufficient and deficient groups were elevated compared with that in the sufficient group (all P＜0.05). SBP, TG and FBG in deficient group were significantly higher but HDL-C was lower than those in the other two groups (all P＜0.05). The more abnormal metabolism existed, the lower 25(OH)D3 levels patients had (H=61.316, P＜0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that in MHD patients low 25(OH)D3 negatively correlated with MS (OR=0.889, 95%CI 0.846-0.934, P＜0.001) and abnormal metabolic factors central obesity (OR=0.913, 95%CI 0.874-0.953, P＜0.001), raised TG (OR=0.932, 95%CI 0.894-0.971, P=0.001), reduced HDL-C (OR=0.901, 95%CI 0.845-0.959, P=0.001), raised SBP (OR=0.898, 95%CI 0.847-0.953, P＜0.001) and raised FBG (OR=0.956, 95%CI 0.920-0.994, P=0.024). Conclusions The prevalence of MS is high in MHD patients and low levels of 25(OH)D3 may be an independent risk factor for MS and abnormal metabolic factors.     

Risk factors for cardiovascular disease during the first 2 years after renal transplantation

The aim of the present study was to assess the role of cardiovascular risk factors in the occurrence of cardiovascular events among 100 consecutive renal transplant recipients during the first 2 years after transplantation. The following parameters were analyzed: (1) demographic data (gender, age, dialysis duration, preexistent diabetes, and pretransplantation events) as well as (2) basal 1-year, and 2-year posttransplantation data for events, body mass index, arterial hypertension, number of drugs for hypertension control, use of ACE or ARA II inhibitors, treatment with lipid- lowering drugs, de novo diabetes, anemia, immunosuppression with cyclosporine versus tacrolimus, and homocysteine, folic acid, serum creatinine, uric acid, PTH-i, and cholesterol total, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, and triglyceride levels. At the end of the second posttransplantation year, 14 patients versus 86 who did not experience a new cardiovascular event. Patients in the event group had more events pretransplantation and during the first posttransplantation year than those in the non event group (57.1% vs 17.4%; P = .003 and 78.6% vs 2.3%; P = .000, respectively). Furthermore, the former cohort of patients were older, had greater ventricular hypertrophy and had higher triglyceride and serum creatinine concentrations during the 2 years after transplantation. A multiple logistic regression analysis confirmed the relationship between events within 1 year of transplantation and serum creatinine level at the end of 2 years as well as the development of cardiovascular disease within 2 years. In conclusion, our data suggest the need for aggressive intervention during the first year to prevent the development of new cardiovascular events. Renoprotective strategies may also contribute to reduce the cardiovascular risk of renal transplant recipients.     

维持性血液透析与腹膜透析患者左心室功能及相关因素分析

目的针对维持性肾脏替代治疗患者左心室功能情况及相关因素进行分析。方法将264例患者按不同肾脏替代治疗方式分为血液透析组（A组）和腹膜透析组（B组）,并常规检测血肌酐（SCr）、尿素氮（BUN）、血浆白蛋白（Alb）、血红蛋白（Hb）、血钙、血磷、血总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、血全段甲状旁腺激素（iPTH）,超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）;高压液相方法检测血浆同型半胱氨酸（Hey）;利用超声心动检查评价左心室功能。结果2组中,A组Hb、TG高于B组（P〈0．05）,而BUN低于B组（P〈0．05）;B组左心室舒张功能异常发生率高于A组（P〈0．01）;A组室间隔厚度、后壁厚度低于B组,而左室舒张末内径、左室收缩末内径及舒张早期和舒张晚期二尖瓣121最大血流速度之比（E／A）及射血分数（EF）高于B组,但只有舒张早期和舒张晚期二尖瓣口最大血流速度之比（E／A）有统计学差异（P〈0．01）;多因素Logistic回归分析显示,Alb、尿酸（UA）、hs—CRP、血钙、血磷水平是。肾脏替代治疗患者左室收缩功能障碍的危险因素;而年龄及收缩压与舒张压是其患者左室舒张功能障碍的危险因素。结论不同肾脏替代治疗方式下,患者左心室舒张功能异常发生率存在差异,纠正低蛋白血症,增加透析剂量,控制血压,减轻心脏负荷,纠正钙磷水平可能有助于改善其患者左心室功能异常。     

Effect of Peritoneal Dialysis Solution Type on Serum Lipid Levels in End-Stage Renal Disease

Among the different cardiovascular risk factors, lipid abnormalities dominate the high mortality in chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients. So far, no data comparing the effect of standard glucose-containing, amino acid-containing, and icodextrin-containing peritoneal dialysis solutions on serum lipid concentrations in a chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis population are available. To determine the effect of peritoneal dialysis solutions on parameters of lipid metabolism, 67 subjects who had continued their usual dialysis for the last six months were enrolled in the study. Group A consisted of 18 patients who were receiving only glucose-based peritoneal dialysis solutions, group B consisted of 18 patients who were receiving glucose and amino acid-based peritoneal dialysis solutions, and group C consisted of 31 patients who were receiving glucose and icodextrin-based peritoneal dialysis solutions. Serum lipid parameters including total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, triglyceride, and lipoprotein (a) were determined in all groups. No significant difference in serum lipid parameters was found between groups A, B, and C. These results demonstrate the lack of the effect of amino acid or icodextrin-based peritoneal solutions on dyslipidemia of CAPD patients.     

Effect of peritoneal dialysis solution type on serum lipid levels in end-stage renal disease

Among the different cardiovascular risk factors, lipid abnormalities dominate the high mortality in chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients. So far, no data comparing the effect of standard glucose-containing, amino acid-containing, and icodextrin-containing peritoneal dialysis solutions on serum lipid concentrations in a chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis population are available. To determine the effect of peritoneal dialysis solutions on parameters of lipid metabolism, 67 subjects who had continued their usual dialysis for the last six months were enrolled in the study. Group A consisted of 18 patients who were receiving only glucose-based peritoneal dialysis solutions, group B consisted of 18 patients who were receiving glucose and amino acid-based peritoneal dialysis solutions, and group C consisted of 31 patients who were receiving glucose and icodextrin-based peritoneal dialysis solutions. Serum lipid parameters including total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, triglyceride, and lipoprotein (a) were determined in all groups. No significant difference in serum lipid parameters was found between groups A, B, and C. These results demonstrate the lack of the effect of amino acid or icodextrin-based peritoneal solutions on dyslipidemia of CAPD patients.