中晚期胰腺癌动脉灌注化疗并同期放疗的疗效观察

目的 分析中晚期胰腺动脉灌注化疗并同期放疗与单纯放疗的疗效。方法 对１９９２年１月至１９９５年１０月行动脉灌注化疗并同期放疗（综合组）的２２例和单纯放疗（单放组）的２８例中晚期胰腺癌的疗效进行比较分析,两组临床资料具可比性,单放组每周照５次,每次ＤＴ１．８～２．０Ｇｙ,总量５０～６０Ｇｙ／５～６．７周,综合组动脉灌注化疗,每次５－Ｆｕ,１．０ｇ,ＭＭＣ１０ｍｇ,ＤＤＰ６０ｍｇ,每４周一次,平均２．     

晚期贲门癌根治性放疗与手术治疗的比较

目的分析比较晚期贲门癌根治性放疗（ＤＴ６０～７０Ｇｙ，６～７周）与手术治疗的疗效。材料与方法１９８５年１月至１９８８年１月间将８２例晚期贲门癌患者随机分为放疗组和手术组进行对比治疗。放疗组４０例，手术组４２例，（手术切除３０例、探查术１２例），放疗剂量ＤＴ６０～７０Ｇｙ，６～７周。结果放射治疗后梗阻症状改善率为９０％，Ｘ线好转率８０％。放疗组与手术切除组１，３，５年生存率分别为８２．５％和６０．０％（Ｐ＜０．０５），２２．５％和０（Ｐ＜０．００１），５％和０（Ｐ＞０．０５），探查组无１例生存１年以上。结论放疗组的疗效明显优于手术组，根治性放射治疗是晚期贲门癌的重要治疗手段。     

放疗与放化综合治疗晚期食管癌220例对比分析

采用单纯放疗和放疗加化疗ＤＦＰ方案（ＤＤＰ、５－Ｆｕ、潘生丁）治疗晚期不宜手术的食管癌２２０例，单放组和综合组各１１０例，放疗剂量均为６０～７０Ｇｙ／６～７周，而化疗于放疗前两周完成。治疗结果：综合组完全缓解率８３．６％（９２／１１０）、单放组７７．２％（８５／１１０）；１、２年生存率综合组为７３．６％（８１／１１０）、４６．３％（５１／１１０），单放组为４７．２％（５２／１１０）、２０％（２２／１１０）（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

保尔佳配合放疗治疗中,晚期食管癌的临床探讨

探讨保尔佳配合放疗对中、晚期食管癌的疗效。５４例符合研究条件者，随机分为综合组（保尔佳＋放疗）２４例，对照组（单放组）３０例；两组放疗剂量ＤＴ６０～７０Ｇｙ／６～７周。综合组：放疗同时用保尔佳１ｍｌ／次，隔日肌注１次，同时口服保尔佳片剂１００ｍｇ，３次／日，用药７周，放疗结束后继续口服片剂５周。对照组：单纯放疗。放疗期间每周查白细胞计数。治疗前、中、后进行Ｔ细胞亚群测试及测定ＳＯＤ活性。近期疗效，综合组与对照组分别为９５．５％、７６．７％。综合组白细胞计数治疗前、后无明显变化，对照组有不同程度下降。ＯＫＴ３、ＯＫＴ４、ＯＫＴ８、ＯＫＴ４／ＯＫＴ８治疗后综合组显著增高（Ｐ＜０．０１）。ＳＯＤ活性增高（Ｐ＜０．０５），对照组无显著变化（Ｐ＞０．０５）。保尔佳有明显放疗增敏作用，同时增强机体免疫功能，改善生活质量，减轻放疗毒副作用     

动脉灌注化疗并同期放疗的综合治疗中晚期胰腺癌

目的观察动脉灌注化疗并同期放疗的综合治疗中晚期胰腺癌的作用。方法９２年１月至９６年１月收治５２例中晚期胰腺癌,２３例行动脉灌注化疗并同期放疗（综合组）,２９例行单纯放疗（单放组）。单放组每周照５次,每次１８０－２００ｃＧＹ,总量５０００－６０００ｃＧＹ／５－６．７周,综合组动脉灌注化疗,每次５－Ｆｕ１．０、ＭＭＣ１０ｍｇ、ＤＤＰ６０ｍｇ,每４周一次,平均２．３次／人,同期放疗方案同单放组。结果腹痛、黄疸的症状缓解率两组之间无明显差异,但综合组黄疸改善时间较长（１３个月对５个月Ｐ＜０．０５）;肿瘤缩小率达５０％以上综合组６９．６％（１６／２３）,单放组３７．９％（１１／２９）;两组１、２、３年生存率分别为７８．５％、３７．１％、２６．７％和５２．３％、２２．９％、１０．５％,综合组明显好于单放组。结论不能手术切除的中晚期胰腺癌通过动脉灌注化疗并同期放射治疗的综合治疗较单放组能获得较高的生存率。     

肺鳞癌单纯放射治疗159例分析

１９７７～１９８６年对１５９例肺鳞癌作单纯￣６０Ｃｏ放疗。结果：总剂量６０Ｇｙ以上组其１、３、５年生存率分别为７２．９％、２１％和１１．３％，而低于６０Ｇｙ组无３年生存。局部复发率６０Ｇｙ组为４２．９％，低于５０Ｇｙ组为７８．６％（Ｐ＜０．０５）。分割剂量２Ｇｙ／次组局部控制率为６８．８％，低于１．６Ｇｙ／次组为３５．５％。故分割剂量、总剂量以２Ｇｙ／次６０～７０Ｇｙ／６～７周为宜。     

放疗与放化综合治疗晚期食管癌220例对比分析

采用单纯放疗和放疗加化疗ＤＦＰ方案（ＤＤＰ、５－Ｆｕ、潘生丁）治疗晚期不宜手术的食管癌２２０例，单放组和综合组各１１０例，放疗剂量均为６０－７０Ｇｙ／６－７周，而化疗于放疗前两周完成，治疗结果：综合组完全缓解率８３．６％（９２／１１０＿、单放组７７．２％）８５／１１０）；１、２年生存率综合组为７３．６％（８１／１１０）、４６．３％（５１／１１０），单放组为４７．２％（５２／１１０）、２０％（２２／     

经导管^192lr近距离放射治疗局部晚期肝门部胆管癌

目的：观察局部晚期肝门部胆管癌姑息性引流术后＾１９２ｌｒ腔内放疗的疗效。方法：先行手术探查尽可能刮除肿瘤并放置Ｕ型管引流，术后再经导管腔内放疗。参考点距离放射源中心轴１０ｍｍ，总量２４－３０Ｇｙ／３次，３例配合肝动脉区域性灌注化疗，１例配合外照射ＤＴ４５Ｇｙ／４．５周。结果：生存期６－２６个月，中位生存期１１．５月。１５例死亡，１例目前存活８个月。全组１年生存率３７．５％，２年生存率６．０％，结论     

经导管~(192)Ir近距离放射治疗局部晚期肝门部胆管癌

目的：观察局部晚期肝门部胆管癌姑息性引流术后１９２Ｉｒ腔内放疗的疗效。方法：先行手术探查尽可能刮除肿瘤并放置Ｕ型管引流，术后再经导管腔内放疗。参考点距离放射源中心轴１０ｍｍ，总量２４～３０Ｇｙ／３次。３例配合肝动脉区域性灌注化疗，１例配合外照射ＤＴ４５Ｇｙ／４．５周。结果：生存期６～２６个月，中位生存期１１．５月。１５例死亡，１例目前存活８个月。全组１年生存率３７．５％，２年生存率６．０％，结论：局部晚期肝门部胆管癌姑息性引流术后腔内放疗可提高生存期及生活质量     

加速超分割放射治疗鼻咽癌前瞻性研究的近期结果

目的：为了探讨加速超分割放射治疗鼻咽癌的临床效果和早、晚期放射反应。方法：１９９５年１月～１９９６年７月首次住院放疗的鼻咽癌患者２６６例。随机分为加速超分割（ＡＨＦ）和常规分次（ＣＦ）对照两组，均经ＣＴ或ＭＲＩ检查及Ｐｌａｔｏ治疗计划系统设计布野。对鼻咽部ＡＨＦ组方案为ＤＴ７９．２Ｇｙ／７２次／２４个治疗日，全程３２天，１．１Ｇｙ／次，每天３次，各次之间间隔＞６ｈ；对照组的方案是ＤＴ７０Ｇｙ／３５次７周，２Ｇｙ／次，每周５次。颈结（＋）给予治疗量，ＡＨＦ组７９．２Ｇｙ，对照组７０Ｇｙ；颈结（－）给予预防量，ＡＨＦ组５０Ｇｙ，对照组４５Ｇｙ。结果：ＡＨＦ组的疗终病灶全消和１年生存率优于对照组，差异有统计学意义。而急性放射反应，则明显重于对照组，皮肤粘膜Ⅲ度放射反应增多。差异非常显著。实验组有１０．７％患者需要短期中断疗程和支持治疗。结论：加速超分割放疗鼻咽癌的近期效果较好，疗终病灶全消率和１年生存率均优于常规分次组（Ｐ＜０．０１和０．０５）。虽然急性放射反应较重，但大多数患者可以耐受。     

Comparison of effectiveness between chemotherapy alone versus chemo-radiotherapy in stage III non-small cell lung cancer

Combined chemotherapy with radiotherapy has been claimed to be superior to radiotherapy alone in stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The present study was designed to give chemo-radiotherapy with 300 cGy only on the day the cytotoxic drugs are administered. The aim was to exploit the cell cycle synergism between the two treatments. Forty-five patients of stage IIIA+B with inoperable NSCLC were randomized in two groups. Group A to be treated with chemotherapy only and group B to be treated with chemotherapy plus radiotherapy. Drugs for group A were: cisplatinum 90 mg/m(2), vindesine 3 mg/m(2) and epirubicin 40 mg/m(2) once every 3 weeks for 8 courses. Group B: cisplatinum 60 mg/m(2), vindesine 3 mg/m(2) and epirubicin 30 mg/m(2) plus 300 cGy radiation, every two weeks for 8 cycles. Then, estimation of response was done. Toxicity was tolerable. In group A the response rate was 52%, in group B 90% (partial and complete). The difference was statistically significant. Additional radiotherapy up to 5,400 cGy was given in patients of group B while patients of group A had palliative radiation on recurrence. Survival rate was significantly longer for patients of group B.     

L-OHP联合5-FU/LV二线治疗晚期大肠癌2周方案与3周方案的临床比较

目的比较奥沙利铂(L-OHP)联合氟尿嘧啶/亚叶酸钙(5-FU/LV)的2周方案与3周方案二线治疗晚期结直肠癌的临床疗效及不良反应。方法晚期复治的结直肠癌病例,A组22例,予L-OHP85mg/m2,d1,静脉滴注3小时,同时或之后予CF200mg/m2,静脉滴注2小时,续5-FU400mg/m2,静脉推注,600mg/m2持续静脉滴注22小时,次日重复CF与5-FU。每2周重复1次,每2次计为l周期。B组24例,予L-OHP130mg/m2,d1,静脉滴注3小时,CF200mg/m2,静脉滴注2小时,续5-FU375~425mg/m2静脉滴注4~6小时,连用5天。每3周重复1次,每次计为1周期。结果A、B两组分别有21例和23例可评价,RR分别为19·05%和8·70%,中位TTP分别为4·0和3·0月,两组病例不良反应发生率相似,主要表现为消化道反应、神经系统毒性和脱发。结论L-OHP联合5-FU/LV的2周方案在临床疗效方面优于3周方案。     

术前动脉灌注化疗对大肠癌微血管密度的影响

目的　分析评价术前动脉灌注化疗对大肠癌生物学行为的影响 ,并探讨术前动脉灌注化疗对肿瘤细胞影响的作用机制。方法　 2 8例 (同意入组研究 )大肠癌患者随机分成术前动脉灌注化疗组 (12例 )和对照组 (16例 )。术前动脉灌注化疗采用动脉造影技术 ,经肿瘤营养动脉给予 5 Fu10 0 0mg ,表阿霉素 6 0mg ,丝裂霉素 10mg。全部患者均接受手术治疗 ,切除标本分别行常规病理检查及免疫组织化学染色 (Ⅷ因子相关抗原染色 )测定大肠癌组织微血管密度 (MVD)。微血管密度计数采用Weidner方法分别计数癌中心、癌黏膜表面及癌旁组织的微血管数。结果　术前动脉灌注化疗组大肠癌组织中心、癌黏膜表面及癌旁组织的MVD分别为 40 .46± 7.0 6、5 2 .2 7± 18.40和 49.92± 8.15 ;对照组大肠癌组织中心、癌黏膜表面及癌旁组织的MVD分别为 46 .0 9± 12 .2 1、73.44± 2 2 .0 6和5 1.94± 12 .6 4。两组之间癌黏膜表面的MVD值差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,癌旁组织及癌中心组织MVD差异无统计学意义。结论　术前动脉灌注化疗可以降低大肠癌组织黏膜表面的微血管密度。     

泰素联合顺铂动、静脉给药治疗非小细胞肺癌的疗效比较

背景与目的：泰素（Taxol）联合顺铂（cisplatin,DDP）经静脉给药治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC）,疗效较以往其他方案有所提高,但仍然不够理想。本研究的目的是比较晚期NSCLC患者经供瘤支气管动脉介入灌注化疗和经静脉化疗的临床疗效。方法：57例NSCLC患者随机分为靶动脉给药组（A组）和静脉给药组（B组）。A组27例,Taxol135mg/m^2,供瘤支气管动脉灌注3h,DDP80mg/m^2,动脉灌注1h,d1;B组30例,Taxol 135mg/m^2,DDP80mg/m^2,静脉点滴3h,d1。3-4周后重复,至少治疗2个周期。结果：近期疗效以CT或X光检查结果作为评价标准,CR1例,PR29例,总有效率52.63％。A组CR1例,PR17例,有效率为66.67％（18/27）;B组无CR,PR12例,有效率为40.00％（12/30）,两组有效率有显著性差异。A组中位疾病进展期（TTP）5.5个月,中位生存期10.5个月,0.5、1、2和3年生存率分别为85.18％、66.67％、48.15％和18.51％;B组TTP4.0个月,中位生存期10.5个月,0.5、1、2和3年生存率分别为70.00％、53.33％、30.00％和6.67％。不良反应主要为骨髓抑制、胃肠道反应和周围神经炎,经大量维生素、制酸、止呕、水化和应用升白细胞药物对症治疗后可缓解。结论：供瘤支气管动脉灌注Taxol和DDP是治疗晚期NSCLC的一种有效方法,供瘤支气管动脉给药后病灶局控率优于静脉注射。     

内外照射加化疗联合治疗食管癌临床分析

目的 分析外照射、腔内近距离治疗及化疗治疗食管癌的疗效及其与外照射比较。方法 １２０例食管癌随机分成４组,每组３０例。Ⅰ组为外照射,Ⅱ组为外照射加腔内照射,Ⅲ组为外照射加化疗,Ⅳ组为内照射加化疗。外照射采用＾６０Ｃｏ治疗,２Ｇｙ／次,５次／周,总剂量６０－７４Ｇｙ;腔内照射６－８Ｇｙ／次,１次／周,总量１８～２４Ｇｙ;化疗用卡铂,１００ｍｇ／ｄ,５次／周,总量１０００ｍｇ。结果 Ⅱ～Ⅳ组的１,２,３年生存率高于Ⅰ组（Ｐ〈０．０５）。Ⅰ～Ⅳ组的３年生存率分别为１３．３％、３６．７％、４０．０％和４６．７％,死于肿瘤复发及未控分别为７２．２％、４０．０％、４３．７％和３８．４％（Ｐ〈０．０５）,远处转移率无明显差异。结论 外照射与近距离治疗和化疗的综合治疗可提高食管癌局部控制率和１,２,３年生存率。     

雷替曲塞联合L-OHP与5-Fu/LV联合L-OHP方案治疗晚期结直肠癌的临床疗效比较

 目的 评价雷替曲塞联合奥沙利铂（L-OHP）治疗晚期大肠癌的疗效和安全性。方法 40例晚期复治大肠癌患者分为两组,A组20例,予雷替曲塞3mg/m^2,d1,静脉注射15min,奥沙利铂130mg/m^2,d1静脉滴注3h,每3周重复1次。B组20例,奥沙利铂130mg/m^2,d1静脉滴注3h,甲酰四氢叶酸200mg/m^2,静脉滴注2h,续以5-Fu400mg/m^2静脉滴注6～8h,连用5d,每3周重复1次,每次计为1治疗周期。结果 A、B两组分别有19例和18例可评价,RR分别为36.8%和22.2%,中位TTP分别为7.8个月和5.0个月,两组结果比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论 雷替曲塞联合L-OHP方案在临床疗效优于5-Fu/LV联合L-OHP方案。     

Postoperative chemotherapy vs chemoradiotherapy for thoracic esophageal cancer: a prospective randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Neither postoperative radiotherapy nor chemotherapy alone provided a survival benefit after curative esophagectomy for esophageal squamous carcinoma. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Of 103 consecutive patients who underwent potentially curative esophagectomy for esophageal squamous carcinoma, 45 patients with advanced cancers without preoperative adjuvant treatments were prospectively randomized to two groups; postoperative chemotherapy alone (Group A, n=23) and postoperative radio/chemotherapy (Group B, n=22). In Group A, cisplatin (CDDP) (50 mg/m(2)) was given by intravenous infusion on days 1 and 15, and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (300 mg/m(2)) was given daily by continuous intravenous infusion for 5 weeks. In Group B, in addition to the same chemotherapeutic regimen of Group A, 50 Gy of radiotherapy was given to the mediastinum over 5 weeks. The immunohistochemical staining of tumoral p53 and microvessel density was undertaken to correlate to the radio/chemosensitivity. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the clinicopathologic characteristics between the two groups. The median dose of 5-FU and CDDP administered were not significantly different between the two groups. The mean (SD) dose of radiotherapy in Group B was 42+10 Gy. The 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates in Group A were 100, 63 and 38% and those in Group B were 80, 58 and 50%, respectively (P=0.97). In each group, four patients succumbed to locoregional recurrences.Tumoral p53 was immunohistochemically negative in 43% in Group A and 77% in Group B (P=0.03), indicating that many patients in Group B might be potentially sensitive to radiochemotherapy. The 3- and 5-year survival rates (75 and 64%) of patients with p53 negative expression (n=18) were significantly (P=0.03) better than those with p53 positive expression (n=27, 44 and 26%). The long-term survival was better for patients with p53 negative tumours than those with p53 positive tumours in Group B (P=0.06 by long-rank test, P<0.05 by Generalized-Wilcoxon test). However, the long-term survival was not different between the patients who had p53 negative and positive tumours in Group A (P=0.19). These data suggest that there were no survival advantage for patients receiving radiotherapy in Group B, instead p53 negative tumours appeared to have a favorable prognosis. CONCLUSION: Postoperative radiotherapy administered concurrently with chemotherapy does not provide a survival benefit compared with chemotherapy alone. Tumoral p53 expression has a predictive value for survival in patients treated with postoperative radio/chemotherapy.     

A phase I/II study of external beam radiation, brachytherapy, and concurrent chemotherapy for patients with localized carcinoma of the esophagus (Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Study 9207): final report

BACKGROUND: A multiinstitutional, prospective study of the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) was designed to determine the feasibility and toxicity of chemotherapy, external beam radiation, and esophageal brachytherapy (EB) in a potentially curable group of patients with adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. A preliminary analysis indicated a 17% 1-year actuarial risk of treatment-related fistulas. A final analysis of this study was considered important to determine the median survival time, local control, and late toxicity associated with this treatment regimen. METHODS: Planned treatment was 50 grays (Gy) of external beam radiation (25 fractions given over 5 weeks) followed 2 weeks later by EB (either high-dose-rate 5 Gy during Weeks 8, 9, and 10, for a total of 15 Gy, or low-dose-rate 20 Gy during Week 8). Chemotherapy was given during Weeks 1, 5, 8, and 11, with cisplatin 75 mg/m(2) and 5-fluorouracil 1000 mg/m(2)/24 hours in a 96-hour infusion. RESULTS: Of the 49 eligible patients, 45 (92%) had squamous histology and 4 (6%) had adenocarcinoma. Forty-seven patients (96%) completed external beam radiation plus at least 2 courses of chemotherapy, whereas 34 patients (69%) were able to complete external beam radiation, EB, and at least 2 courses of chemotherapy. The estimated survival rate at 12 months was 49%, with an estimated median survival of 11 months. Life-threatening toxicity or treatment-related death occurred in 12 (24%) and 5 (10%) cases, respectively. Treatment-related esophageal fistulas occurred in 6 cases (12% overall, 14% of patients starting EB) at 0.5-6.2 months from the first day of brachytherapy, leading to death in 3 cases. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, severe toxicity, including treatment-related fistulas, occurred within 7 months of brachytherapy. Based on the 12% incidence of fistulas, the authors continue to urge caution in employing EB, particularly when used in conjunction with chemotherapy.     

TPF方案诱导化疗加同期顺铂化放疗治疗晚期鼻咽癌的临床研究

 目的　探讨多西紫杉醇（TAX）、顺铂（DDP）、5-氟尿嘧啶（5-Fu）三药联合方案诱导化疗加DDP同期放化疗治疗晚期鼻咽癌的近期疗效及可行性。方法　40例初诊局部晚期（UICC分期Ⅲ、Ⅳ期）鼻咽癌患者入组,随机分为诱导化疗加DDP 3周方案组（A组）,诱导化疗加DDP单周方案组（B组）。两组均先行2个疗程诱导化疗,方案为TAX 60 mg／m2第1天;DDP 60 mg／m2第1天;5-Fu 600 mg／m2 第1天至第5天,每3周重复,共2个周期。第7周开始放疗,放疗第1天同时行化疗。A组：DDP 80 mg／m2第1天,每3周1次,共2次;B组： DDP 30 mg／m2第1天,每周1次,共6次。放疗采用二维适形照射,鼻咽原发病灶68～72 Gy,34～36次,7周,颈部淋巴结阳性区60～66 Gy,30～33次,6～6.5周。结果　40例共完成78个疗程诱导化疗,A、B组各1例出组。38例可评价疗效和不良反应。A组17例完成2个疗程同期DDP化疗;B组10例按计划完成6个周同期化疗,4例完成5周化疗,4例完成4周化疗,1例只完成2周化疗。诱导化疗后CR 4例（10.5 %）,PR 27例（71.1 %）,SD 7例（18.4 %）,总有效（CR+PR）率81.6 %。治疗结束后CR 32例（84.2 %）,PR 5例（13.2 %）,SD 1例（2.6 %）,总有效率 97.4 %。结论　TPF诱导化疗加DDP同期放化疗是治疗晚期鼻咽癌的可行方案,推荐使用同期DDP 3周化疗方案。剂量强度可否提高,有待进一步研究。