The Application of H‐Loop in Arthroscopic Knotless Double‐Row Rotator Cuff Repairs

ObjectiveTo determine the functional outcomes after a novel method of H‐loop knotless double‐row technique in patients with rotator cuff tears.MethodFrom June 2020 to September 2020, a total of six patients (five women, one man) with arthroscopic rotator cuff repair using the H‐loop knotless double‐row technique were enrolled in our study. The average age is 54 years (range: 50–61 years). The preoperative and final follow‐up clinical outcome were evaluated using the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, visual analog scale (VAS), University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) score, and Constant–Murley score. The active shoulder range of motion (ROM) was also collected preoperatively and postoperatively at the final follow‐up (forward flexion and abduction). Accordingly, intraoperative and postoperative complications were observed as well.ResultThere were six patients that underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair using the H‐loop knotless double‐row technique. The average follow‐up period was 7.52 ± 0.70 months. The VAS, UCLA, ASES, and Constant–Murley scores improved from 5 ± 2.45, 15.67 ± 3.44, 47.67 ± 17.41 and 49.17 ± 8.98 preoperatively, to 0.83 ± 0.75, 36.27 ± 3.83, 91.67 ± 10.76 and 85.83 ± 4.31 at the final follow‐up, with statistical significances of P = 0.009, P < 0.001, P = 0.006, and P = 0.001, respectively. Meanwhile, the active shoulder ROM (forward flexion and abduction) improved from 135.00 ± 46.80 and 125 ± 56.48 preoperatively, to 173.67 ± 4.13 and 172 ± 3.27 at final follow‐up, respectively (P = 0.082, P = 0.088). During the follow‐up, there were no postoperative complications such as wound‐site infection, nerve or vessel damage, subcutaneous hematoma, and suture anchor problems.ConclusionWith the benefit of reducing the possibility of strangulation and blood supply affection for the rotator cuff, The H‐loop knotless double row technique may be an alternative method to significantly improve subjective functional outcomes and increase the healing rate of medium‐sized rotator cuff tears with degeneration issues and poor tissue quality.     

One-year Patient-reported Outcomes After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair Do Not Correlate With Mild to Moderate Psychological Distress

Background

Patients with shoulder and rotator cuff pathology who exhibit greater levels of psychological distress report inferior preoperative self-assessments of pain and function. In several other areas of orthopaedics, higher levels of distress correlate with a higher likelihood of persistent pain and disability after recovery from surgery. To our knowledge, the relationship between psychological distress and outcomes after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair has not been similarly investigated.

Questions/purposes

(1) Are higher levels of preoperative psychological distress associated with differences in outcome scores (visual analog scale [VAS] for pain, Simple Shoulder Test, and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score) 1 year after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair? (2) Are higher levels of preoperative psychological distress associated with less improvement in outcome scores (VAS for pain, Simple Shoulder Test, and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score) 1 year after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair? (3) Does the prevalence of psychological distress in a population with full-thickness rotator cuff tears change when assessed preoperatively and 1 year after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair?

Methods

Eighty-five patients with full-thickness rotator cuff tears were prospectively enrolled; 70 patients (82%) were assessed at 1-year followup. During the study period, the three participating surgeons performed 269 rotator cuff repairs; in large part, the low overall rate of enrollment was related to two surgeons enrolling only two patients total in the initial 14 months of the study. Psychological distress was quantified using the Distress Risk Assessment Method questionnaire, and patients completed self-assessments including the VAS for pain, the Simple Shoulder Test, and the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score preoperatively and 1 year after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Fifty of 85 patients (59%) had normal levels of distress, 26 of 85 (31%) had moderate levels of distress, and nine of 85 (11%) had severe levels of distress. Statistical models were used to assess the effect of psychological distress on patient self-assessment of shoulder pain and function at 1 year after surgery.

Results

With the numbers available, distressed patients were not different from nondistressed patients in terms of postoperative VAS for pain (1.9 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.0–2.8] versus 1.0 [95% CI, 0.5–1.4], p = 0.10), Simple Shoulder Test (9 [95% CI, 8.1–10.4] versus 11 [95% CI, 10.0–11.0], p = 0.06), or American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores (80 [95% CI, 72–88] versus 88 [95% CI, 84–92], p = 0.08) 1 year after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. With the numbers available, distressed patients also were not different from nondistressed patients in terms of the amount of improvement in scores between preoperative assessment and 1-year followup on the VAS for pain (3 [95% CI, 2.2–4.1] versus 2 [95% CI, 1.4–2.9], p = 0.10), Simple Shoulder Test (5.2 [95% CI, 3.7–6.6] versus 5.0 [95% CI, 4.2–5.8], p = 0.86), or American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scale (38 [95% CI, 29–47] versus 30 [95% CI, 25–36], p = 0.16). The prevalence of psychological distress in our patient population was lower at 1 year after surgery 14 of 70 (20%) versus 35 of 85 (41%) preoperatively (odds ratio, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.17–0.74; p = 0.005).

Conclusions

Mild to moderate levels of distress did not diminish patient-reported outcomes to a clinically important degree in this small series of patients with rotator cuff tears. This contrasts with reports from other areas of orthopaedic surgery and may be related to a more self-limited course of symptoms in patients with rotator cuff disease or possibly to a beneficial effect of rotator cuff repair on sleep quality or other unrecognized determinants of psychosocial status.

Level of Evidence

Level I, prognostic study.     

Midterm clinical outcomes following arthroscopic transosseous rotator cuff repair

Purpose:Arthroscopic transosseous (TO) rotator cuff repair has recently emerged as a new option for surgical treatment of symptomatic rotator cuff tears. Limited data is available regarding outcomes using this technique. This study evaluated midterm clinical outcomes following a novel arthroscopic TO (anchorless) rotator cuff repair technique.Results:Statistically significant improvements were noted in forward flexion, external rotation and internal rotation (P < 0.0001). Average postoperative subjective shoulder value was 93.7, simple shoulder test 11.6, and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score 94.6. According to ASES scores, results for the 109 shoulders available for final follow-up were excellent in 95 (87.1%), good in 8 (7.3%), fair in 3 (2.8%), and poor in 3 (2.8%). There was no difference in ROM or outcome scores in patients who underwent a concomitant biceps procedure (tenodesis or tenotomy) compared with those who did not. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in outcome between patients who underwent either biceps tenodesis or tenotomy. Age, history of injury preceding the onset of pain, tear size, number of TO tunnels required to perform the repair, and presence of fatty infiltration did not correlate with postoperative ROM or subjective outcome measures at final follow-up. Two complications and four failures were noted.Conclusions:Arthroscopic TO rotator cuff repair technique leads to statistically significant midterm improvement in ROM and satisfactory midterm subjective outcome scores with low complication/failure rates in patients with average medium-sized rotator cuff tears with minimal fatty infiltration. Further work is required to evaluate radiographic healing rates with this technique and to compare outcomes following suture anchor repair.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV     

关节镜下线桥技术治疗中老年人肩袖损伤

目的:评价肩关节镜下线桥技术治疗肩袖损伤的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2012年12月至2013年12月采用关节镜下线桥技术修复肩袖损伤30例的手术效果,其中男14例,女16例;年龄52～67岁,平均62岁。测定患者术前术后休息和活动时的VAS评分,肩关节前屈、外展和体侧外旋角度,美国加州大学肩关节评分(UCLA)和美国肩肘外科医生评分(ASES).结果:术后所有患者获随访,平均随访时间13个月。小撕裂0例,中撕裂16例,大撕裂12例,巨大撕裂2例。休息时VAS评分从术前6.3±3.2 降到随访时0.8±1.4,活动时VAS评分从术前7.7±2.1降到随访时1.7±1.6.手术前后关节活动度差异有统计学意义。UCLA评分由术前15.1±4.6增加到随访时31.2±5.0;ASES评分由术前的30.2±16.0增加到随访时80.4±13.0.患者对手术的满意率为94%,无术中和术后并发症。结论:关节镜下线桥技术治疗中老年人肩袖损伤是一种可靠安全有效的方法。     

Articular-sided rotator cuff tears: which is the best repair? A three-year prospective randomised controlled trial

Purpose

To compare two groups of patients who underwent two different arthroscopic procedures for repair of articular-sided partial-thickness rotator cuff tears (PTRCTs).

Materials this is a comparative prospective study of two methods for repair of partial cuff tears

Thirty-two patients underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair with a transtendon technique (group 1); 28 underwent arthroscopic full-thickness conversion and repair of the lesion (group 2). ROM measures, clinical findings, MRI features (tendon healing and re-tear), Constant–Murley and ASES scores were assessed pre- and postoperatively and compared. Patients were also asked about return to sport and level of activity.

Results

At the last appointment, patients of both the groups were significantly improved for clinical findings, ROM measures, imaging features, Constant–Murley and ASES scores than at baseline, without any significant inter-group difference. In group 1, 15 of 20 patients (75 %) who practiced recreational sport activities had returned to sport at the same level as before the onset of symptoms, without any discomfort. In group 2, 12 of 18 patients (67 %) had returned to the same level of sport activity they practiced before symptoms. At the last follow up, MRI showed rotator cuff healing in 31 patients of Group 1 and 27 patients of Group 2 (p = 0.83).

Conclusions

The two procedures are safe, effective, and comparable.     

Outcomes of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty are similar in rotator cuff-intact and rotator cuff-deficient shoulders

BackgroundControversy exists regarding the biomechanical and clinical effects of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) in shoulders with an intact versus a torn rotator cuff (RC). We compared clinical and radiographic outcomes at a minimum of 2 years after RTSA for cuff-intact or cuff-deficient conditions.MethodsRetrospective review identified 182 patients with at least 2 years of follow-up: 32 with an intact rotator cuff but advanced glenoid bone loss and 150 with a torn rotator cuff. Revision arthroplasties and those for osteonecrosis or trauma were excluded, and a matched cohort was created to compare 32 cuff-intact to 32 cuff-deficient shoulders. Assessments included preoperative and postoperative visual analog pain scores (VAS), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) scores, narcotic use, strength, range of motion (ROM), complications, and revisions. Radiographs were analyzed for signs of loosening or mechanical failure.ResultsMean age for all patients was 71.7 (61-82) years, and the mean follow-up was 2.7 (2.0-5.5) years. Preoperatively, the groups were similar in almost every functional preoperative category, with no differences in gender, laterality, age, preoperative narcotic use, body mass index, or other co-morbidities. Postoperatively, no significant differences were found regarding VAS pain, ASES, ROM, strength, complication rate, revision rate, narcotic use, implant loosening, or mechanical failure; both groups showed significant improvements in all categories measured.ConclusionsRTSA provides reliably good functional and radiographic outcomes with low complication rates in indicated patients, regardless of the preoperative status of the rotator cuff.Level of evidenceLevel III; Retrospective Comparative Study     

Comparison of Arthroscopic Debridement and Repair in the Treatment of Ellman Grade II Bursal‐side Partial‐thickness Rotator Cuff Tears: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial

ObjectiveTo compare the effects of arthroscopic debridement and repair in treating Ellman grade II bursal‐side partial‐thickness rotator cuff tears.MethodsThis is a single‐center, prospective, randomized controlled trial. From September 2017 to April 2019, 78 patients underwent arthroscopic debridement (35 patients) or repair (43 patients) due to Ellman grade II bursal‐side partial‐thickness rotator cuff tears. Twenty‐six men and 52 women were included in the study, with an average age of 56.31 years (range, 42 to 74 years). After the acromioplasty was formed, the debridement group only performed stump refreshing and surrounding soft tissue cleaning, while the repair group converted the partial tears into full‐thickness tears and then sutured them by single row or suture bridge technique. The visual analogue scale (VAS), Constant‐Murley shoulder (CMS), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES), and University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) scores were used to evaluate clinical results preoperatively and at 6, 12, and 18 months postoperatively. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to assess the integrity of the rotator cuff, muscle atrophy, and fat infiltration.ResultsA total of 85 patients met the inclusion criteria and were randomly divided into the debridement group (41 patients) and the repair group (43 patients). During the 18‐month follow‐up period, a total of seven patients were lost to follow‐up. The functional scores of both groups were significantly improved: the VAS score decreased 5.06 and 4.63 in the debridement group (5.77 preoperative to 0.71 postoperative) and the repair group (5.49 to 0.86) (P < 0.05). Moreover, the CMS, ASES, UCLA scores increased 51.63, 58.24, 20.57 in debridement group (39.46 to 91.09, 34.14 to 92.38, 13.29 to 33.86), and increased 48.14, 60.53, 20.93 in repair group (43.63 to 91.77, 33.10 to 93.63, 12.58 to 33.51) (P < 0.05). No significant differences were found in functional scores between the two groups at 6, 12, and 18 months postoperatively (P > 0.05). The magnetic resonance imaging showed no re‐tears, and no difference was observed in the degree of muscle atrophy and fat infiltration between the two groups (P > 0.05). Except for four cases of shoulder stiffness, no other obvious surgery‐related complications were found.ConclusionFor Ellman grade II bursal‐side partial‐thickness rotator cuff tears, both the debridement and repair groups achieved good results during 18‐month follow‐ups, with no difference between the two groups.     

Does immobilization after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair increase tendon healing? A systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction

To determine whether immobilization after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair improved tendon healing compared with early passive motion.

Materials and methods

A systematic electronic literature search was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing early passive motion with immobilization after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. The primary outcome assessed was tendon healing in the repaired cuff. Secondary outcome measures were range of motion (ROM) and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) shoulder scale, Simple Shoulder Test (SST), Constant, and visual analog scale (VAS) for pain scores. Pooled analyses were performed using a random effects model to obtain summary estimates of treatment effect with 95 % confidence intervals. Heterogeneity among included studies was quantified.

Results

Three RCTs examining 265 patients were included. Meta-analysis revealed no significant difference in tendon healing in the repaired cuff between the early-motion and immobilization groups. A significant difference in external rotation at 6 months postoperatively favored early motion over immobilization, but no significant difference was observed at 1 year postoperatively. In one study, Constant scores were slightly higher in the early-motion group than in the immobilization group. Two studies found no significant difference in ASES, SST, or VAS score between groups.

Conclusion

We found no evidence that immobilization after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair was superior to early-motion rehabilitation in terms of tendon healing or clinical outcome. Patients in the early-motion group may recover ROM more rapidly.

Level of evidence

Level II; systematic review of levels I and II studies.     

高分子聚乳酸可吸收医用膜预防肩袖术后肩峰下粘连的病例对照研究

目的 :探讨高分子聚乳酸可吸收医用膜对肩袖修补术后肩关节功能的影响。方法 :选取2015年9月至2016年12月确诊肩袖破裂的患者50例:对照组25例,男12例,女13例,平均年龄(48.7±3.5)岁,单纯行关节镜下肩袖修补术;试验组25例,男11例,女14例,平均年龄(49.2±4.1)岁,行关节镜下肩袖修补术加肩峰下间隙肩袖表面植入高分子聚乳酸可吸收医用膜。记录并分析每组患者手术前后肩关节VAS、ASES、UCLA评分。结果:术后6个月随访时,对照组VAS评分从术前的5.48±1.12降低至术后的1.28±0.84,ASES评分由术前的52.24±4.64提高至术后的86.92±3.20,UCLA评分由术前的14.36±1.89提高至术后的30.72±1.28;试验组VAS评分由术前的5.36±1.32降低至术后的1.40±0.71,ASES评分由术前的51.04±4.09提高至术后的88.96±2.79,UCLA评分由术前的15.12±1.81提高至术后的32.12±1.33。两组VAS评分差异无统计学意义,ASES、UCLA评分试验组优于对照组。结论:高分子聚乳酸可吸收医用膜的应用较常规关节镜下肩袖修补术可明显提高术后肩关节功能,可有效预防关节镜下肩袖修补术后肩峰下粘连。     

关节镜下止点内移缝合修复巨大肩袖撕裂

目的：探讨关节镜下止点内移缝合修复巨大肩袖撕裂的方法和疗效。方法：回顾性分析2015年3月至2019年4月行关节镜下止点内移缝合修复巨大肩袖撕裂患者27例。其中男12例,女15例;年龄37~74（56.1±8.9）岁。术中根据肩袖张力,选用关节镜下双排缝线桥技术修复5例,单排修复22例,其中7例部分肩袖修复。手术前后采用美国加州大学洛杉矶分校（University of California Los Angeles,UCLA）评分,美国肩肘外科协会（American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Form,ASES）评分评估肩关节功能,视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale,VAS）评估疼痛情况。结果：所有患者获随访,时间8~40（18.0±5.9）个月,UCLA评分由术前的（8.67±0.78）分提高至末次随访的（30.89±1.07）分（t=43.56,P<0.001）;ASES评分由术前的（8.56±0.67）分提高至末次随访的（12.63±0.33）分（t=15.28,P<0.001）;VAS评分由术前的6.00（5.00~7.00）分改善至末次随访的0.00（0.00~2.00）分（Z=-4.56,P<0.001）。3例患肩上举不能过顶,但无疼痛,不影响日常工作、生活,其中2例为部分肩袖修补。结论：关节镜下止点内移缝合修复巨大肩袖撕裂能取得较满意的疗效,大部分病例可选择单排完全或部分修复肩袖。     

老年肩袖撕裂关节镜下修复方式再探讨

目的：探讨关节镜下锚钉改良植入,单排缝合修复老年肩袖撕裂方法及疗效。方法：回顾性分析2016年3月至2020年2月96例符合纳入标准的老年肩袖撕裂患者,其中男29例,女67例,年龄65~85（68.8±3.9）岁。采用关节镜下锚钉改良植入,单排缝合修复撕裂肩袖。手术前后采用美国加州大学洛杉矾分校（University of California Los Angeles,UCLA）评分,美国肩肘外科协会（American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons,ASES）评分评估肩关节功能,采用视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale,VAS）评估疼痛情况。其中32例术后1年患肩接受MRI检查。结果：所有病例完成关节镜下手术,随访时间11~42（21.4±7.5）个月,UCLA评分由术前的12.22±3.30提高至末次随访时的31.30±2.49（t=45.21,P<0.01）;ASES评分由术前的8.60±1.88提高至末次随访时的12.60±0.84（t=19.05,P<0.01）;VAS中位数由术前的5.00（2.00~8.00）分改善至末次随访的1.00（0.00~3.00）分（Z=-12.22,P<0.05）。术后1年32例接受MRI检查的患者中,1例显示修复肩袖再撕裂,但不影响正常生活,未再手术。未发现植入锚钉拔出病例。结论：关节镜下锚钉改良植入,单排缝合修复老年肩袖撕裂可取得较满意的疗效,能有效降低锚钉拔出并发症。     

Factors associated with needle breakage of antegrade suture passer and effect of intratendinous remnant needle tip on clinical outcomes after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate factors associated with the needle breakage of antegrade suture passer and the effect of intratendinous remnant needle tip on clinical outcomes after rotator cuff repair.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 283 patients (138 men and 145 women; mean age: 59.7 ± 9.3 years) who underwent arthroscopic repair for full-thickness rotator cuff tear. We evaluated the characteristics of 16 patients in whose needle tip had been broken and embedded and remained in the rotator cuff (remnant needle group) and compared them with the remaining 267 patients (control group). Afterwards, another 64 patients were selected from control group (1:4 matching) after propensity score matching (PSM). The groups were compared anatomically with MRI or ultrasonography and functionally (serial pain VAS and ROM; ASES, Constant, UCLA and SST scores) at a minimum follow-up of 1 year.ResultsThe remnant needle group showed preoperative thicker tendon (6.72 mm vs 5.33 mm, p = 0.047), higher tendinosis (mean grade, 1.88 vs. 1.43, p = 0.029), and more frequent delaminated tears (p = 0.035) compared with control group. When we compare the clinical outcomes after PSM, the initial pain VAS of the remnant needle tip group was higher up to 3 months (pain VAS: 4.13 ± 2.07 vs 2.48 ± 1.61 (p = 0.032) at 5 weeks and 3.79 ± 2.12 vs 2.25 ± 1.76 (p = 0.044) at 3 months), however the difference disappeared after 6 months postoperatively. In final evaluation, there was no significant differences in every outcome parameters (all p > 0.05).ConclusionBreakage of the needle of the antegrade suture passer occurred more frequently in the thicker tendon, higher tendinosis, and delaminated tears. The retained broken needle tip was associated with higher pain scores during the early postoperative period, but revealed no difference in final outcomes by using PSM.Level of EvidenceLevel III, Therapeutic Study     

The time of postoperative corticosteroid injection can be individualized after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair

BackgroundIntra-articular corticosteroid injection is an effective treatment for pain and to improve the range of motion (ROM) of the shoulder joint. However, consideration of when it would be effective to inject corticosteroids after rotator cuff repair is more limited. The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes of corticosteroids injection given at 4 and 8 weeks after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.MethodsBetween December 2016 and January 2018, 42 patients who underwent arthroscopic supraspinatus tendon repair were enrolled. Nineteen patients received 40 mg of triamcinolone injection 4 weeks after surgery (group 1), while 23 patients received the same injection 8 weeks after surgery (group 2). Clinical outcome was evaluated using ROM, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, Constant score, Korean Shoulder score, and a visual analog scale (VAS) score before surgery and at 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. Tendon integrity was assessed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and sonography at 12 months after surgery.ResultsSignificant improvements in pain and functional scores were observed at the last follow-up in both groups (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in VAS pain score between the two groups at any time point after surgery (p > 0.05). Functional scores and ROM in all directions also showed no statistical difference between the two groups (p > 0.05). Retears of the repaired tendon, assessed at 12 months postoperatively, were observed in two patients from group 1 (10.5%) and two patients from group 2 (8.7%), thus indicating no significant difference between the two groups (p > 0.05).ConclusionSince there was no significant difference in clinical outcomes and tendon integrity, postoperative corticosteroid injection can be individualized according to the patient for 4–8 weeks after the rotator cuff repair.     

关节镜下缝合桥双排固定技术治疗肩袖全层撕裂的初步疗效

目的评价关节镜下应用缝合桥双排固定治疗肩袖全层撕裂的初步临床效果.方法 回顾性分析北京大学第三医院2010年3月至2011年2月间应用关节镜下缝合桥双排固定技术治疗的44例肩袖全层撕裂患者的术后效果（男22例,女22例,术时平均52.3岁）.关节镜下将撕裂按大小分组.分别测定患者术前术后休息和运动时的VAS评分,肩关节前屈、外展和体侧外旋角度,美国加州大学肩关节评分（UCLA）和美国肩肘外科医生评分（ASES）.结果 术后随访时间平均9.7个月,随访率100%.本组病例小撕裂14例（31.8%）,中撕裂21例（47.7%）,大撕裂5例（11.4%）和巨大撕裂4例（9.1%）.休息时VAS评分从术前（6.4±3.4）分降到随访时（0.7±1.5）分,活动时VAS评分从术前的（7.9±2.1）分降到随访时（1.8±1.8）分.手术前后的关节活动度有统计学差异（前屈、外展和体侧外旋的Z值分别为4.789,4.450和4.454,P〈0.01）.UCLA评分由术前的（15.3±4.9）分增加到随访时（30.7±4.0）分;ASES评分由术前的（30.5±17.8）分增加到随访时（84.2±12.6）分,改变均有统计学意义（Z值分别为5.759和5.760,P〈0.01）.患者对手术的满意率是93%,无术中和术后并发症.结论 关节镜下缝合桥双排固定是一种治疗肩袖全层撕裂安全有效的方法,其长期临床效果需进一步研究.     

Which patients are less likely to improve after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair?

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate which specific factors influence the improvement in function and to estimate the time to obtain pain relief following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.MethodsA total of 97 patients (57 men and 40 women; mean age: 55.5 ± 9.3 years) who had arthroscopic rotator cuff repair between 2013 and 2016 were included into the study. Multivariable stepwise analysis included preoperative variables (age, gender, body mass index, comorbidities, occupation and participation in sports, Oxford shoulder score at baseline, preceding injury and duration of preoperative symptoms) and arthroscopic findings (size of rotator cuff tear, pathology of the long head of the biceps and cartilage lesions). The change in the Oxford shoulder score at the last follow-up was modeled as a function of the above predictor variables. The time to regain a visual analogue scale (VAS) under two points following surgery was considered the time to regain substantial pain relief.ResultsThe mean follow-up time was 33.2 ± 14.4 months. Twenty three patients had partial thickness and seventy four had full thickness supraspinatus tears. In third of the patients the tears were defined as large full thickness. At the last follow-up the mean Oxford shoulder score improved from 13.8 ± 4.8 to 42.1 ± 7.2 points (P < 0.001). The mean VAS improved from a preoperative score of 6.7 ± 1.3 points to 1.5 ± 0.6 points postoperatively (P < 0.001) and 80 (83%) patients declared they were satisfied to have had the operation. The mean time interval for substantial pain relief was 4.9 ± 3.6 months. Patients with higher preoperative Oxford shoulder score and larger tear size were correlated with lesser improvement in Oxford shoulder score (R = 0.5, P = 0.001).ConclusionArthroscopic rotator cuff repair improved pain and function at an average follow-up of three years. A substantial pain relief was regained within five months from surgery. Larger rotator cuff tear size and more favorable preoperative function were predictors of worse postoperative function.Level of evidenceLevel IV, Therapeutic study.     

关节镜下改良Mason-Allen与缝线桥缝合治疗中型肩袖撕裂的疗效对比

目的:观察并比较关节镜下改良Mason-Allen与缝线桥缝合治疗中型肩袖撕裂的术后疗效。方法 :自2017年1月至2018年1月,采用关节镜下改良Mason-Allen缝合治疗中型肩袖撕裂患者22例,年龄40~81(57.14±10.26)岁;男9例,女13例。2018年2月至2019年1月,采用缝线桥缝合治疗中型肩袖撕裂患者20例,年龄42~71(57.75±7.57)岁;男6例,女14例。两组患者的术前及术后临床功能评分采用美国肘关节外科协会(American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons,ASES)评分及Constant评分系统。术后患者肩袖愈合评估采用MRI检查。结果:所有患者获得随访,时间24~33 (26.38±2.29)个月。改良Mason-Allen组患者ASES评分和Constant评分由术前的(45.22±7.58)、(58.72±9.26)分提高至术后的(96.89±3.49)、(93.18±3.20)分。缝线桥组患者ASES评分和Constant评分由术前的(47.33±7.50)、(60.05±11.76)分提高至术后的(97.58±3.43)、(93.85±3.15)分。组间术前及术后ASES评分和Constant评分差异均无统计学意义。两组患者术后肩袖愈合情况差异也无统计学意义。结论:关节镜下改良Mason-Allen与缝线桥缝合治疗中型肩袖损伤均可获得较好的临床疗效,且两组缝合技术术后疗效无显著区别。     

全关节镜下肩袖修补术对老年肩袖损伤患者术后72 h内疼痛程度和并发症的影响

目的:分析全关节镜下肩袖修补术与小切口肩袖修补术对老年肩袖损伤患者的临床效果。方法:选取2017年1月至2018年11月收治的60例老年肩袖损伤患者作为研究对象,男37例,女23例;年龄61~77(63.45±12.34)岁;病程6~12(5.32±1.02)个月;左侧29例,右侧31例。其中,行全关节镜下肩袖修补术者30例,为观察组;行小切口肩袖修补术者30例,为对照组。观察并记录两组患者术前术后美国加州大学肩关节评分系统(University of California,Los Angeles,UCLA)评分,美国肩肘外科协会(American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons,ASES)评分,Constant-Murley评分,肩关节前屈活动度、外旋活动度、外展活动度,术后72 h内视觉模拟疼痛评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)及并发症发生情况,然后进行对比分析。结果:两组患者术后UCLA评分、ASES评分、Constant-Murley评分较术前均显著提高(P<0.05),两组术后UCLA、ASES、Constant-Murley评分相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组患者术后肩关节前屈活动度、外旋活动度、外展活动度较术前均显著增加(P<0.05),术后两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组术后24、48、72 h VAS低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组并发症总发生率13.33%(4/30)低于对照组33.33%(10/30)(P<0.05)。结论:全关节镜下肩袖修补术和小切口肩袖修补术均可以改善老年肩袖损伤后的肩部功能,但全关节镜下肩袖修补术后72 h内疼痛程度和并发症均明显优于小切口肩袖修补术,可根据患者临床实际情况与需求进行选择。     

The Factors Affecting Pain Pattern after Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair

Background

We evaluated the factors that affect pain pattern after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.

Methods

From June 2009 to October 2010, 210 patients underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair operations. Of them, 84 patients were enrolled as subjects of the present study. The evaluation of postoperative pain was conducted by visual analog scale (VAS) scores during postoperative outpatient interviews at 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months. The factors that were thought to affect postoperative pain were evaluated by dividing into three categories: preoperative, operative, and postoperative.

Results

Pain after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair surgery showed a strictly decreasing pain pattern. In single analysis and multiple regression tests for factors influencing the strictly decreasing pain pattern, initial VAS and pain onset were shown to be statistically significant factors (p = 0.012, 0.012, 0.044 and 0.028, respectively). With regard to the factors influencing lower than average intensity pain pattern for each period, the stiffness of internal rotation at 3 months postoperatively was shown to be a statistically significant factor in single and multiple regression tests (p = 0.017 and p = 0.004, respectively).

Conclusions

High initial VAS scores and the acute onset of pain affected the strictly decreasing postoperative pain pattern. Additionally, stiffness of internal rotation at postoperative 3 months affected the higher than average intensity pain pattern for each period after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.     

Periarticular multimodal drug injection does not improves early postoperative analgesia compared with continuous interscalene brachial plexus block after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair: A retrospective single-center comparative study

BackgroundAlthough continuous interscalene brachial plexus block (CISBPB) is common method in pain management following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR), little is known about the analgesic effects of periarticular multimodal drug injection (PMDI) for ARCR. This retrospective study sought to clarify which technique could provide the best analgesic effect after ARCR.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed consecutive patients who underwent ARCR performed by the same surgeon at our institution between June 2016 and November 2017. Patients who underwent surgery before January 2017 received CISBPB and those who underwent surgery after February 2017 received PMDI for postoperative pain control. Both treatment groups also received fentanyl by intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IV-PCA). Postoperative pain was evaluated by visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores at 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h and need for IV-PCA at 8, 16, and 24 h.ResultsTwenty-eight patients received CISBPB and 21 received PMDI. According to the VAS scores, the postoperative analgesic effect was significantly better in the CISBPB group during the first 6 h (p < 0.05). Total fentanyl consumption by IV-PCA during the first 8 postoperative h was significantly greater in the PMDI group than in the CISBPB group.ConclusionsPMDI does not improve early postoperative analgesia after ARCR compared with CISBPB. CISBPB had a significantly better analgesic effect in the first 8 h postoperatively.Level of evidenceLevel III.