舞蹈知识与作品欣赏选修课的教学实践与思考

目的 探讨舞蹈知识与作品欣赏选修课教学的方法与效果。方法 多渠道搜集教学媒体素材，在15个学时的医学及护理本科选修课程教学中，以通俗理论为引导，以作品欣赏为主体对481名学生进行教学。结果 学生对该课程的学习收获满意率迭90．9％；有实践需求者达58．3％；选择自己或小组编排演出作品为考试方式者占34．8％；93．3％的学生感到有助于舒缓紧张和压力。结论 学生对舞蹈艺术欣赏有较高的需求，有展现自我的期望，认为欣赏舞蹈艺术有助于促进身心健康；教学过程中教师应重视隐性的、潜在的教学成果。     

医学院校沟通技能教学现状的量化评估

目的 调查医学院校沟通技能教学现状,为医学沟通课程改革提供依据.方法 采用Dalhousie医学院研制的医学院校沟通技能教学评估问卷对260名医学学生进行调查.结果 91.5%学生认为沟通技能很重要;85.0%认为沟通课程应贯穿在整个医学教育过程中;86.6%认为需要通过更多与患者接触来提升沟通技能;70.7%认为角色扮演有助于提升沟通技能教学效果;71.5%认为教师反馈不充分;76.1%认为需要更多地学习沟通技能,以提升自我沟通能力.结论 需要尽早对学院课程进行改革,采用合理科学的方法对教师和学生进行沟通技能培训,能提高教师及学生的沟通技能.     

社会医学课程考核评价体系的构建与实施

目的 探讨多元化的以形成性考核评价为依据的护理专业社会医学课程考核评价体系的应用效果.方法 在151名本科护理学生社会医学课程中试行新的考核评价体系,考核评价采取多样化形式,平时考核与期末考核相结合,小组考核与个人考核相结合,教师评价与学生评价相结合.结果 学生对社会医学课程的总体评价满意度达90.7％,认为“该课程教学活动符合教学大纲”很好和较好的学生有92.7％;学生认为该考核评价体系有助于提高沟通交流能力、评判性思维、团队合作精神和自主学习能力.结论 以形成性考核方式为依据的多元化课程考核评价体系的建立有助于提高教学效果和学生综合素质.     

护理美学课程思政教学的设计与实施

目的 探讨护理美学课程思政教学的方法及实施效果。方法 在护理本科选修护理美学的47名学生中开展护理美学课程思政教学。通过加强学院-临床联合的教学团队建设、基于思政元素挖掘的课程思政教学目标确立和教学内容重组、沉浸创造式教学活动设计,形成较完善的护理美学课程思政设计并实施教学。课程结束后调查学生对课程思政教学效果的感知和教学活动的认可度,了解学生的课程参与体验。结果 学生对教学效果的感知为83.0%～97.9%,对教学活动的认可为70.2%～91.5%。学习体验析出三大主题,包括思政素材与专业知识结合自然,教学活动多样且参与感高,对价值塑造起到了积极作用。结论 护理美学课程思政教学有助于培养学生审美修养、职业素养和人文情怀,教学模式受到学生认可。     

概念图谱在护理本科专业课程高仿真模拟教学中的应用

目的探讨概念图谱在护理本科专业课程高仿真模拟教学的应用效果。方法方便抽取62名4年制本科二年级学生为研究对象,在《护理计划与实施》课程中开展概念图谱结合高仿真模拟教学。结果课程结束时,课程成绩中位数为73.5分,70分者占75.81%;学生对模拟教学设计评价接近4分,对学习效果评价和教学活动满意度4分(满分均为5分)。结论护理本科专业课程运用概念图谱与高仿真模拟教学,可促进学生理解理论知识,增强模拟教学的教学效果,提升教学质量。     

护理本科生体验性教学的设计与应用效果

目的探讨体验性教学方法在临床护理课程中的应用效果。方法以2013级护理本科生为对象,将临床护理学中的部分教学内容整合成为体验课程,通过确定教学目标、情境设置、预设体验任务,借助体验道具的使用,使学生同时体验患者的躯体及心理感受,并由教师带领完成引导性反馈。实验课程结束后,发放调查表了解学生对体验式教学效果的评价。结果 75.9%的学生认为这种教学方式很有必要,24.1%认为有必要;70.4%的学生对体验性教学的组织和安排非常满意,29.6%满意;100.0%的学生认为可以帮助自己从患者的角度出发提供照顾。结论体验性教学有利于提高教学效果,能在学生的职业道德和精神培养中发挥较好作用。     

同步式教学模式在护理管理与评价教学中的应用

目的 探讨同步式教学模式在护理管理与评价课程中的应用效果.方法 选取某护理学院57名护理本科生为研究对象,学生在学完相应的管理理论知识后直接进入临床,在护士长的指导下实习相应的内容.实习完后进行理论考试,采用自制的评价问卷对其进行评价.结果 学生理论考核成绩均在80分以上;87.7%学生喜欢同步式教学模式,89.5%学生认为该模式能有效地激发学生的兴趣,能加深护理管理理论的理解和掌握,有助于提高学生提出问题、分析问题和解决护理管理问题的综合能力.结论 在护理管理与评价课程中实施同步式教学模式,有利于提高该课程的教学效果.     

高职涉外护理专业《护理学基础》教材的改革与应用

目的 对<护理学基础>教材进行改革,并寻找与其适应的教学方法,与国际护理教学接轨.方法 对现有<护理学基础>教材进行改革,与基础医学课程进行合理整合,注重培养学生的学科意识、人文素质和综合能力;并采取PBL教学模式与小组学习、自学-辅导式教学模式、角色扮演教学模式等教学方法,对2006级115名高职涉外护理专业学生进行教学.结果 学生对教材的整合情况、能力的培养及内涵建设的满意率达88.7%～98.3%.结论 对<护理学基础>教材进行改革并综合运用多种教学模式,有助于培养护生的综合素质,提高多种能力.     

以CGFNS考题为主线开展护理专业英语教学的实践

目的 探讨以CGFNS考题为主线,开展护理专业英语教学的教学效果.方法 护理专业英语教学中,以CGFNS考题为主线,加强专业英语词汇教学,加强专业英语与护理专业知识的紧密结合,加强渗透西方文化与护理理念.课程结束应用自行设计的调查问卷,对教学效果进行评价.结果 96.0%的学生提高了对专业英语学习的重要性和实用性的认识,92.0%的学生培养了学习兴趣,90.0%的学生专业英语综合运用能力得到提高.结论 以CGFNS考题为主线开展护理专业英语教学,培养了学生学习专业英语的兴趣,可提高学生综合运用专业英语能力.     

融入思政的整合式教学法在护理人文修养与沟通技术课程中的实践

目的 探讨融入思政的整合式教学法用于护理人文修养与沟通技术课程教学的效果.方法 选取2019级护理本科生100人作为对照组,护理人文修养与沟通技术课程采用传统理论课堂教学结合实训的教学方法;2020级护理本科生103人作为观察组,整合和实施以团队为基础的教学法、情景模拟教学法、以问题为导向的教学,同时将思政融入课程教学中.结果 观察组课程实践成绩、期末理论成绩及总成绩显著高于对照组,学生人际交往及人文关怀能力自评分显著优于对照组(均P＜0.01).观察组对课程教学方法各方面的满意度为79.6％～100％.结论 在护理人文修养与沟通技术课程中实施融入思政教育的整合式教学法,有利于提高课程教学效果,提升学生的人际交往和人文关怀能力.     

牙体牙弓颌骨阻力中心及其临床意义

牙体、牙弓及颌骨的阻力中心在正畸矫治力系统中具有重要的意义,也是正畸学领域争论较多的一个问题。Dermaut等研究表明,当力作用于物体阻力中心时,物体将发生平动,否则将发生平动和转动的复合运动。目前,国内外多数学者认为牙体、牙弓及颌骨存在阻力中心,但其位置存在争议。本文就牙体、牙弓及颌骨的阻力中心及其临床意义作一综述。     

Hazards and complications of endoscopic transurethral ureterolithotripsy and lithoextraction and means of prevention

Complications related to ureterolithotomy and ultrasonic ureterolithotripsy performed under the control of visual endoscope were analyzed in 86 ureterolithiasis patients, methods of their prevention discussed. All the aforementioned complications were distributed into three groups: inapplicability of surgery due to anatomic and functional defects of lower and upper urinary tracts, intraoperative, and postoperative complications. The commonest ones were ureteral abruption and perforation, acute pyelonephritis, temporary vesicoureteral reflux. Their control measures were considered as relative methods of treatment: immediate surgical intervention in case of ureteral abruption, renal catheterization in patients with insignificant ureteral perforation or acute pyelonephritis. Adequate ureteroscopy, careful consideration of pro- and contraindications, catheterization of renal pelvis and urinary bladder performed within 2-3 days after the surgery and adequate antibacterial therapy are the most decisive steps in the control of aforementioned complications.     

Histochemical and contractile properties of striated muscles of urethra and levator ani of dogs and sheep

AIMS: To understand their possible importance in long- and short-term control of continence, some properties of the striated muscles of the urethra and pelvic floor (levator ani) of dogs and sheep were investigated, especially fiber types and contractile characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Striated muscles of urethra and levator ani of 29 male and 6 female dogs and 11 male and 6 female sheep were removed and cut into strips. Some strips were frozen and stained for ATPase at pH 9.4 and 4.3 for fiber typing; others were set up in an organ bath to study contractile responses to nerve stimulation. RESULTS: All muscles contained both type I (slow) and type II fibers, ranging from 97% type II in female greyhound urethra to 60% in female sheep levator ani. For each muscle, there were fewer type II muscles in sheep than in dog. The diameters of the urethral fibers were about 60% of the levator ani in dogs and 34% in sheep. Contraction of the urethral muscle was faster than for levator ani and declined to about 80% of the peak, 500 msec after the beginning of stimulation at 20 Hz. The levator ani contraction rose to a steady level as long as stimulation continued. CONCLUSIONS: Both the levator ani and urethral striated muscles contain slow and fast fiber types. The levator ani muscles are capable of sustained contraction with rapid onset which will produce long-term closure of the urethra. The circular urethral muscle contraction was faster but less well maintained.     

Characterisation and differentiation of chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfibromas - presence and expression of collagen types I and II

AIM: Chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfiibromas are rare benign skeletal neoplasms with reported overlapping histology. Aim of this study was to analyse the biochemical composition of the matrix of these tumour entities in order to further characterise the cellular phenotypes of these neoplasms using typical cell biological marker genes. METHODS: The matrix compositions of chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfibromas were analyzed by HE-histology, histochemistry, and immunolocalization techniques. Cellular gene expression patterns were detected by mRNA in situ hybridization. RESULTS: Chondroblastomas are rich in collagen type I and show foci of an osteoid-like matrix, whereas collagen type II as a typical marker of chondrocytic differentiation was not detected in any of the specimens. Chondromyxoidfiibromas had foci of chondroid appearance with chondroblastic cellular differentiation characterised by collagen type II expression. CONCLUSION: These results characterise chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfiibromas as skeletal neoplasms that have a different biology and which can be distinguished by matrix protein expression products: collagen type II, the typical marker of chondroblast differentiation, could only be detected in chondromyxoidfibromas, but not in chondroblastomas. Thus, both neoplasms are clearly different on the cell biological level.     

Effect of smoking and abstention on oxidative burst and reactivity of neutrophils and monocytes

BACKGROUND: Smoking is associated with surgical wound infections, impaired wound healing, and tissue-destructive disorders. The mechanisms are largely unknown, but changes in the function and activity of inflammatory cells may be involved. METHODS: Seventy healthy volunteers (54 smokers and 16 never smokers) were included. The smokers were studied while they smoked and after 20 days of abstinence. After the first 10 days of abstinence, they were randomized to double-blind treatment with transdermal nicotine patch 25 mg per day or placebo. Venous blood neutrophils and monocytes were sampled and isolated. In 22 randomly selected smokers and in all never smokers, the oxidative burst and chemotaxis were determined by a chemiluminescence response assay and a modified Boyden chamber technique, respectively. Stimulants were opsonized zymosan, formyl-Met-Leu-Phe, and zymosan-activated serum. RESULTS: The neutrophil and monocyte oxidative burst was 50% and 68% lower, respectively, in smokers compared to never smokers (P < .05). Neutrophil chemotaxis was 93% higher in smokers (P < .05). Monocyte chemotaxis was lower in smokers compared to never smokers (P < .05). After 20 days of abstinence, neutrophil oxidative burst increased to the level of never smokers (P < .05); monocyte oxidative burst increased by 50% (P < .05). Chemotaxis was only marginally affected. The changes induced by abstinence were less pronounced in the transdermal nicotine patch group compared to the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking attenuates the oxidative burst of inflammatory cells and increases chemotaxis. Three weeks of abstinence normalize the oxidative burst, but affect chemotaxis only marginally.