推动复合型公共卫生人才培养，促进高水平公共卫生学院建设

国家提出了建设高水平公共卫生学院的指导意见,第一批全国获批建设18个高水平公共卫生学院,但具体路径和策略仍有待进一步探索。本文从推动复合型公共卫生人才培养角度,通过比较和分析国内外高校公共卫生学院人才培养的理念和模式,探讨适用于中国的高层次公共卫生人才培养“新范式”,为中国高水平公共卫生学院建设提供可能的路径和策略。     

为建设高水平公共卫生学院而努力奋斗

为深入服务国家医学教育创新发展的战略,推进新医科建设,各地各校应积极开展高水平公共卫生学院的建设.当前,我国已初步形成具有中国特色的公共卫生体系.基于此,大家应齐心协力为推进高水平公共卫生学院的建设而努力奋斗.     

高水平公共卫生学院建设思考与浅见

国家高水平公共卫生学院建设即将启动实施.本文从国际高水平公共卫生学院建设理念、国内高水平公共卫生学院建设现状、国家高水平公共卫生学院建设路径等三个方面阐述个人对高水平公共卫生学院建设的思考与浅见.     

关于"公共卫生教育基本要求"认知和态度的调查

[目的]通过了解国内部分公共卫生学院和疾病预防控制中心(CDC)专家以及预防医学专业学生对"公共卫生教育基本要求(ERPHE)"的认知与态度,为ERPHE的进一步修订和完善提供依据。[方法]对专家和学生分别进行问卷调查,采用Epidata2.1建立数据库,SPSS11.5进行统计分析。[结果]问卷结构效度基本符合要求,信度较好。对ERPHE各领域重要性的认识,CDC专家与学院专家对"公共卫生管理"领域评分的差异具有统计学意义。对于ERPHE的合理性,专家对7个领域"合理性"的评分均高于3分。专家和学生对ERPHE7个领域合理性的评价差异较大。[结论]专家和学生普遍认为ERPHE是重要的,但其认知和态度存在一定差异。     

提升疾病控制中心人力资源地位的必要性及对策

当今 ,在全球范围内 ,各种危害健康的事件不断出现 ,公共卫生服务需求显著增加 ,而CDC作为公共卫生服务职能的机构 ,能否更好地进行疾病控制工作 ,适应社会的需要 ,其中主要取决于人的因素 ,也就是卫生人力资源的综合实力。而目前我国CDC中卫生人力资源总量不足 ,人员素质亟待提高 ,特别是在广大农村地区表现尤为突出 ,这些势必影响到CDC当前和未来疾病控制的能力。究其原因是多方面的 ,政府投入不足、管理缺位、CDC人员培养教育的内容和结构不能满足实际需要等是导致存在问题的主要因素。因此尽快提升我国CDC人力资源的战略地位具有重要的现实意义。建议 :强化政府在公共卫生领域中的职能 ,加大投入和调控管理的力度 ;改革现有CDC人员培养教育的体系 ,强化CDC人力资源管理 ,造就一批总量和布局合理、高效的防病、控病的卫生人才队伍     

从"非典"看我国公共卫生体系的缺陷及对策建议

“非典”疫情不仅是医学问题 ,也是一个社会问题。我国新一届政府本着对人民健康和生命安全高度负责的态度 ,采取前所未有的雷厉风行的工作作风 ,有效控制了疫情蔓延 ,夺得了抗击“非典”的胜利 ,但也暴露出我国公共卫生体系存在的缺陷。本文就此进行分析 ,提出加强公共卫生体系建设的对策建议。一、我国公共卫生体系的缺陷及存在的问题1.公共卫生体系缺乏危机应对机制与能力上个世纪50年代,我国曾建立了一个公共卫生防御体系 ,对预防和控制各种传染病的爆发与流行起到重要作用 ,也得到全世界的广泛关注和赞誉。只是近20多年来 ,这个系统没…     

粤港澳大湾区公共卫生体系建设的现状及思考

粤港澳大湾区（大湾区）同时具有三种不同体制下的公共卫生体系,在我国公共卫生体系建设中具有重要地位。进一步加强大湾区公共卫生体系建设对我国未来公共卫生体系优化和升级具有重要借鉴作用。本文基于中国工程院重大战略研究与咨询项目“我国现代公共卫生体系及能力建设战略研究”,深入分析大湾区公共卫生体系建设的现状和存在的问题,提出要健全和创新大湾区公共卫生风险协同防控、资源协同和共研共享、信息共享和交流、人才培养和队伍建设等机制,全面提升大湾区公共卫生体系的能力,助推健康中国建设。     

南京医科大学公共卫生学院

南京医科大学是我国现代公共卫生教育的发源地之一,为首批部委省共建医学院校和江苏高水平大学建设高校。学校于1934年创立伊始即开始公共卫生教育,发起成立中国预防医学研究所,主编我国第一部高校卫生学教材《卫生学总论》和第一部学科词典《卫生学词典》。1995年成立公共卫生学院,聚焦国家重大公共卫生需求,聚力高水平公共卫生学院建设和高层次公共卫生人才培养,荣获“全国五一劳动奖状”和“江苏省教育系统先进集体”。     

县级疾病预防控制机构核心应急能力指标体系构建

<正>疾病预防控制机构(简称CDC)是构成我国公共卫生体系的主要组织机构,其应急能力的强弱直接影响到突发公共卫生事件应急处置效果的好坏。县级CDC作为突发公共卫生事件的"第一现场反应人"[1],直接面对救灾防病的主战场,其水平与能力如何,对能否正确判断突发事件的性质与发展趋势进而采取及时和有效的防控措施具有十分重要的意义。开展县级CDC的应急能力评价     

公共卫生及其教育若干问题的思考

随着我国经济社会发展和全球化进程,公共卫生面临新的挑战和机遇.目前,政府和社会高度重视和关注公共卫生事业,加大了疾病预防控制体系、卫生监督执法体系、社区卫生服务体系的改革和建设力度,并取得重要成效,具有中国特色的公共卫生体系基本形成.但与此同时,公共卫生专业队伍能力建设相对滞后,与公共卫生体系改革和硬件建设不相适应.本文提出应结合国际公共卫生教育发展动态和我国公共卫生体系的实际情况,加大我国公共卫生教育改革力度,创新人才培养模式,造就适应我国疾病预防控制、卫生监督执法和城乡社区卫生服务需求的高素质公共卫生专业人才是当前公共卫生教育面临的紧迫任务.     

以胜任力为导向的公共卫生硕士校外实践培养体系的构建探索

目的 探索构建以胜任力为导向的公共卫生硕士（MPH）校外实践培养体系。方法 通过文献检索,分析国内外MPH专业学位培养模式,以胜任力为导向创新设计一个全面的、可行的MPH校外实践培养体系。结果 中山大学-广州市CDC高水平公共卫生人才培养示范基地针对实践时长2年以上的MPH探索构建了“4+N+综合评价”的实践体系,“4”代表基于实践的教学、专业实践、公共卫生项目管理参与和科研训练,分别培养MPH“公共卫生科学”“操作与实践”“人群健康管理”“卓越技能”能力。“N”代表拓展实践,培养MPH“综合能力与职业精神”能力,以综合评价来评估培养效果。结论 本研究构建以胜任力为导向的MPH“4+N+综合评价”校外实践体系,培养新时期社会需求的高层次应用型公共卫生人才。     

The role of the schools of public health in the development of primary health care

Starting with the assumption that the schools of public health can and should be major promoters of primary health care but that they have not fully utilized their potential, the paper reviews the different interpretations of primary health care and their implications for the recruitment policies, educational objectives, teaching methods and research orientation of the schools. Four interpretations (primary health care as a set of activities; as a level of care; as a strategy of organizing health services; and as a philosophy permeating the entire health care system) are identified. It is suggested that most industrialized countries already have a primary medical care system which has to be transformed into primary health care. A blueprint for this transformation is outlined. Many of the changes included in the blueprint are related to the concept of primary health care as a strategy. Schools of public health can play a major role in implementing the necessary strategic changes and in training their implementers. The training of actual primary care providers for leadership; increased emphasis on management in the curricula; and reorientation of research towards primary health care are underlined as particularly important elements in the new role of the schools of public health.     

现场流行病学调查系统的研发

现场流行病学调查是公共卫生应急体系的首要任务,现场流行病学调查系统便是公共卫生应急指挥系统的重要组成部分。本中心长期坚持公共卫生指挥控制系统的研究与开发,现已研发完成现场流行病学调查系统,本文对该系统主要功能、技术路线、系统特色做简要的介绍,以期对公共卫生应现场流行病学调查的信息化建设有一点帮助。     

浅析公共卫生财政投入的现状与对策

以南平市疾病预防控制中心近三年来的有关数据，说明政府对公共卫生投入不足，出现了“缺位”、“错位”、“越位”现象，制约了公共卫生事业的发展。并从构建公共财政体制、完善公共卫生的财政投入机制、改变财政供给模式、建立多渠道的筹资机制和加强资金监管等方面提出对策和建议。     

School Nurses' Perceptions and Practices of Assisting Students in Obtaining Public Health Insurance

BACKGROUND: From January through June 2009, 6.1 million children were uninsured in the United States. On average, students with health insurance are healthier and as a result are more likely to be academically successful. Some schools help students obtain health insurance with the help of school nurses. METHODS: This study assessed public school nurses' knowledge and beliefs of the impact of health insurance on students' health and academic success. The study also determined whether public school nurses or their schools were involved in helping students obtain public health insurance, and if so, how they did so. Additionally, the study assessed the public school nurses' perceived benefits of and barriers to helping students obtain public health insurance. A paper-and-pencil survey was sent to a national random sample of 750 public school nurses. The response rate was 56%. RESULTS: Nearly 60% of respondents had helped students enroll in public health insurance. The majority perceived that helping students obtain public health insurance would reduce school absenteeism (90%), improve attention during school (84%), reduce the number of students held back (80%), reduce school dropouts (72%), and increase academic test scores (69%). Although the majority (53%) of nurses thought schools should assist students' parents with filling out public health insurance enrollment forms, some expressed reservations about the process. CONCLUSION: School nurses indicated health insurance is important for the health and academic success of students. These beliefs are congruent with state Child Health Insurance Program (CHIP) directors' perceptions, yet few schools have taken on the role of facilitating student enrollment in public health insurance programs.     

公共卫生管理高职专业人才需求调查

目的 通过调查分析上海市区(县)疾病预防控制中心、卫生监督所、食品药品监督所和社区卫生服务中心对公共卫生管理专业人员的需求情况,提出加强公共卫生管理专业高职培养的必要性.方法 以分层抽样调查的方法,抽取上海市区(县)疾病预防控制中心、卫生监督所、食品药品监督所和社区卫生服务中心的所长(院长)、科长等各级领导306人,对其进行"公共卫生相关专业高职需求"的问卷调查.结果 基层技能型、操作型公共卫生管理专业人才缺乏,需要加强公共卫生管理的高职教育.78.10%被调查者认为当前最需要的公共卫生相关专业的高职人才是公共卫生管理专业人才.结论 公共卫生管理专业的高职教育适应社会发展需要,提高教学质量是关键.     

Public health, private concern: The organizational development of public health in the Netherlands at the beginning of the twentieth century

This article outlines an important period in the developmentof public health in the Netherlands. It starts with the developmentof a more active government policy, in the middle of the centuryand ends with the political decision to develop a public healthsystem, based on private initiatives and funded by the centralgovernment and local authorities. In 1933 this decision wasmade implicitly. In that year a Health Services Bill was rejected,in which the suggestion was made that municipal health servicesshould be established. To understand this development, the roleof both the central government and local authorities is sketched,as well as that of private organizations. In parallel with theincreased Involvement of governments, private initiatives developed.Cross societies are considered crucial in this development.It was not until the second decade of this century that it becameclear which way the Dutch health care system would develop.Private organizations were insecure about their role and governmentinstitutions were thought to be inadequate and expensive. Thedebate on the Health Services Bill illustrates this. The periodin which this bill was discussed can be seen as a decisive onefor the field of public health in the Netherlands.