低分子肝素与利伐沙班预防脊柱外科手术后下肢深静脉血栓的疗效和安全性比较

目的:比较低分子肝素与利伐沙班预防脊柱外科手术后下肢深静脉血栓的疗效和安全性。方法:276例有高危因素的脊柱外科手术后患者随机均分为对照组和观察组。两组患者均于术后第1天至3个月予以弹力袜物理预防下肢深静脉血栓形成。在此基础上,对照组患者于术后第1天开始给予低分子肝素钙注射液1支,皮下注射,每日1次;观察组患者于术后第1天开始给予利伐沙班片1片,口服,每晚1次。两组患者均治疗2周后评价疗效,观察治疗前后股浅静脉内径(FSV)、腘静脉内径(POPV)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、纤维蛋白原降解产物(FIB)、D-二聚体(D-D)和下肢深静脉血栓发生率及不良反应发生情况。结果:两组患者总有效率、下肢深静脉血栓发生率、不良反应发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗3个月后,观察组患者FSV、POPV与治疗前比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),而对照组患者POPV显著低于同组治疗前及观察组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗1周后,两组患者PT与同组治疗前比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),而FIB、D-D显著高于同组治疗前,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),但两组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗4周后,两组患者PT均显著高于同组治疗前,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),但两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而FIB、D-D仍均显著高于同组治疗前,但观察组低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:低分子肝素与利伐沙班预防脊柱外科手术后下肢深静脉血栓的疗效和安全性均较好,但利伐沙班在改善凝血功能方面优于低分子肝素。     

低分子肝素对剖宫产产后DVT的预防效果及对产妇凝血功能的影响

目的研究低分子肝素对剖宫产产后下肢深静脉血栓形成(DVT)的预防效果及对产妇凝血功能的影响。方法140例剖宫产产后DVT高危产妇为研究对象,按治疗方案不同分为对照组和观察组,各70例。对照组行常规治疗方案,观察组在对照组的基础上行低分子肝素治疗方案。比较两组产妇的DVT发生情况,治疗前后的活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、D-二聚体(D-D)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)水平,不良反应发生情况。结果观察组产妇的DVT发生率2.86%明显低于对照组的21.43%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组产妇的APTT、PT、D-D、FIB比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,观察组产妇的FIB低于本组治疗前,对照组产妇的APTT、PT长于本组治疗前,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组产妇的APTT、PT、D-D及对照组产妇的D-D、FIB与本组治疗前比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组产妇的PT短于对照组、FIB低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组产妇的APTT、D-D比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组产妇的不良反应发生率1.43%低于对照组的12.86%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对于剖宫产产后DVT高危产妇应用低分子肝素效果尤为显著,可有效预防DVT,具有较高的安全性,值得临床应用。     

比伐卢定对ST段抬高型心肌梗死病人急诊介入治疗术后超敏C反应蛋白、脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2、白细胞介素-4水平的影响

目的 研究比伐卢定对ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)病人急诊介入治疗(PCI)术后超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2(Lp-PLA2)、白细胞介素-4(IL-4)水平的影响。 方法 选取2015年2月至2017年2月于邢台市第三医院接受PCI术治疗的STEMI病人100例。根据病人术中所用抗凝药物种类不同分为观察组与对照组,每组50例。观察组则采用比伐卢定进行抗凝,对照组采用普通肝素进行抗凝。分别比较两组治疗前与治疗3 d后血清hs-CRP、Lp-PLA2、IL-4水平,治疗前与治疗30 d后心功能指标水平,MACE发生情况以及出血事件发生情况。 结果 治疗3 d后两组病人血清hs-CRP、Lp-PLA2、IL-4水平均明显低于治疗前,而观察组hs-CRP、IL-4水平分别为(22.7±5.4)mg/L、(2.0±0.5)pg/mL,均明显低于对照组的(32.8±5.6)mg/L、(3.7±0.9)pg/mL,均差异有统计学意义(均P＜0.05)。治疗30 d后观察组LVEF水平为(46.8±3.9)%,明显高于对照组的(43.2±4.0)%,而BNP水平为(284.5±113.8)ng/L,明显低于对照组的(462.8±103.7)ng/L,均差异有统计学意义(均P＜0.05)。治疗30 d后观察组病人MACE发生率为2.00%(1/50),明显低于对照组的14.00%(7/50),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。观察组出血事件发生率为4.00%(2/50),明显低于对照组的18.00%(9/50),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。     

小剂量硫酸镁、低分子肝素联合治疗早发型重度子痫前期 55例疗效观察

目的探讨早发型重度子痫前期病人行小剂量硫酸镁、低分子肝素联合治疗,对治疗效及对母婴安全性的影响。方法选取 2014年 1月至 2017年 12月于深圳市龙华区人民医院治疗的早发型重度子痫前期病人 110例,依据随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组 55例。对照组行小剂量硫酸镁治疗方案,观察组行小剂量硫酸镁联合低分子肝素治疗方案。比较两组病人血压及 24 h尿蛋白水平变化、凝血功能指标变化、母体并发症发生、妊娠新生儿不良结局发生情况。结果治疗前两组病人血压(141.49±5.64)、(132.61±7.69)、(88.72±4.11)、(81.83±3.10)mmHg、24 h尿蛋白水平(1.89±0.23)、(1.03±0.29)及凝血功能指标(11.32±1.26)s、(11.62±1.35)s、(31.23±5.01)s、(31.60±6.27)s、(5.69±0.55)g/L、(5.63±0.59)g/L、(3.29±0.82)mg/L、(3.26±0.79)mg/L具有可比性,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。治疗后两组病人血压、 24 h尿蛋白水平及凝血功能指标均有改善,且治疗后观察组病人收缩压(SBP)为(132.61±7.69)mmHg、舒张压(DBP)为(81.83±3.10)mmHg、24 h尿蛋白水平为(1.03±0.29)、凝血酶原时间(PT)为(13.93±1.32)s、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)为(36.59±5.22)s、纤维蛋白原(FIB)为(3.43±0.37)g/L、D?二聚体(DD)为(2.03±0.55)mg/L等凝血功能指标改善更为显著,组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。两组病人母体并发症的发生率为 10.91％和 41.81％,观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。两组病人妊娠新生儿不良结局的发生率为 12.72％和 30.90％,观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论早发型重度子痫前期病人行小剂量硫酸镁、低分子肝素联合治疗,能够有效改善病人血压及凝血功能,改善母婴妊娠结局,具有重要的临床意义。     

米非司酮联合宫瘤消胶囊治疗子宫肌瘤患者的效果

目的 探讨米非司酮联合宫瘤消胶囊治疗子宫肌瘤患者的效果.方法 选取本院妇科2014年7月至2015年6月收治的子宫肌瘤患者90例,采用随机数字表法分为对照组45例和观察组45例.对照组口服米非司酮治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上口服宫瘤消胶囊治疗.评价两组近期疗效,并比较两组治疗前后最大肌瘤体积、子宫体积、细胞因子及性激素水平的差异.结果 观察组近期总有效率为93.33％,明显高于对照组的77.78％,组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);观察组治疗后子宫体积及最大肌瘤体积分别为(105.62±23.17) cm3、(34.63±13.56)cm3,明显小于对照组的(118.29±25.46)cm3、(48.72±15.68)cm3,组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);观察组治疗后血清TNF2α、IL-22水平分别为(21.29±10.43) ng/L、(20.36±8.56) ng/L,对照组分别为(16.69±3.17) ng/L、(33.25±13.05)ng/L,组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);观察组治疗后F2、P水平分别为(160.37±44.93) pmmol/L、(9.03±2.85)uμg/L,明显低于对照组的(227.66±54.63) pmmol/L、(15.92±2.66)μg/L,组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);两组治疗期间临床不良反应发生情况无明显差异(P＞0.05).结论 米非司酮联合宫瘤消胶囊治疗子宫肌瘤疗效显著,可有效促进患者内分泌功能恢复正常,有利于改善患者预后.     

鼻内窥镜手术治疗鼻腔鼻窦肿瘤的临床疗效观察

目的 探讨鼻内窥镜手术治疗鼻腔鼻窦肿瘤的临床疗效.方法 选择2012年1月至2014年12月期间本院收治的鼻腔鼻窦肿瘤患者124例,采用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,观察组62例患者采用鼻内窥镜手术治疗,对照组62例患者采用传统鼻侧切开术治疗,观察两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后疼痛情况和并发症发生情况,随访1～3年观察复发情况.结果 观察组I型手术时间为(37.63±15.19) min,与对照组I型的(68.14± 10.36) min比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),观察组Ⅱ型手术时间为(61.34±9.15) min,与对照组II型的(100.21±16.12) min比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);观察组I型术中出血量为(71.36±5.92) ml,与对照组I型的(217.33±11.42) ml比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),观察组Ⅱ型术中出血量为(205.42±10.78) ml,与对照组Ⅱ型的(312.28±9.26) ml比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);观察组VAS评分为(3.11±0.81),与对照组的(6.32±1.23)比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);观察组并发症发生率为9.68％,与对照组的29.03％比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);观察组复发率为4.84％,与对照组的16.13％比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 鼻内窥镜手术治疗鼻腔鼻窦肿瘤可以缩短手术时间,减少术中出血量,降低术后疼痛程度,降低术后并发症的发生率和复发率.     

阿司匹林、肝素联合预防性抗凝治疗复发性流产的疗效分析

目的 探讨阿司匹林、肝素联合预防性抗凝治疗对复发性流产患者的临床治疗效果.方法 收集2015年1月至2016年1月入院的100例复发性流产患者随机分为两组,对照组患者给予传统治疗,实验组患者则加施阿司匹林、肝素联合的预防性抗凝治疗,比较两组患者治疗前后相关临床指标、妊娠结局、并发症与药物不良反应发生率.结果 实验组患者治疗后血小板计数(PLT)[(185.25±2.07)×109/L]、凝血酶原时间(PT)[(10.31±0.29)s]、活化部分凝血酶时间(APTT)[(30.12±0.67)s]、纤维蛋白原(FIB)[(2.20±0.33) g/L]与纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1(PAI-1)水平[(0.58±0.15) AU/ml]均显著低于对照组[(189.75±2.13)×109/L、(11.60±0.35)s、(33.31±0.70)s、(2.95±0.47)g/L、(1.01±0.22)AU/ml],血浆组织型纤溶酶原活化因子(T-PA)水平[(0.61±0.17) U/ml]显著高于对照组[(0.43±0.14)U/rnl];抗心磷脂抗体清除率显著高于对照组(70.00％比33.33％),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);活产率明显高于对照组(88.00％比68.00％),流产率明显低于对照组(12.00％比28.00％),总体妊娠期并发症发生率明显低于对照组(20.00％比42.00％),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);两组患者总体药物不良反应发生率不存在明显差异(22.00％比18.00％),差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 阿司匹林、肝素联合的预防性抗凝治疗对复发性流产患者的临床治疗效果显著,安全性较高,借鉴意义重大.     

他巴唑联合萘心安治疗甲状腺功能亢进的效果观察

目的 探讨他巴唑联合萘心安治疗甲状腺功能亢进的效果.方法 选择本院2015年1月至2016年6月收治的甲状腺功能亢进患者100例,按照随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,各50例.对照组给予他巴唑片,观察组在对照组用药基础上给予萘心安,观察两组治疗效果.结果 观察组和对照组的总有效率分别为92.0％和72.0％,观察组明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);观察组治疗后TGAb、TPOAb水平分别为(119.7±15.5) IU/ml、(252.6±27.6) IU/ml,对照组分别为(268.1±29.6)IU/ml、(506.1±35.9) IU/ml,观察组较对照组明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);治疗前两组FT3、FT4水平均差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);治疗后,观察组FT3、FT4水平较对照组明显提高,组间比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P＜ 0.05);观察组副反应发生率为14.0％,对照组副反应发生率为10.0％,观察组略高于对照组,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 他巴唑联合萘心安治疗甲状腺功能亢进的效果显著.     

鼠神经生长因子联合神经节苷脂治疗新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病患儿的疗效观察

目的 探讨鼠神经生长因子联合神经节苷脂治疗新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)患儿的疗效.方法 90例HIE患儿随机分为实验组(n=45)与对照组(n=45).对照组患儿采用神经节苷脂治疗,实验组在对照组基础上结合鼠神经生长因子治疗.两组患儿治疗疗程均为2周.结果 治疗总有效率实验组高于对照组(93.33％比73.33％),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);实验组治疗后NBNA评分高于对照组[(38.09±4.32)比(33.45±3.79)],两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);实验组患儿原始反射和肌张力改善时间分别为(6.89±1.64)d、(7.36±2.08)d,短于对照组的(9.13± 1.80)d、(10.27±2.87)d,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);实验组治疗后血清NSE[(40.83±5.46)μg/L]和VEGF[(408.27±18.97) ng/L]低于对照组[(51.32±6.79)μg/L、(446.48±24.51) ng/L],两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);实验组治疗后血清IL-1β[(78.32±8.71) ng/L]和IL-6[(50.89±7.62)ng/L]低于对照组[(98.32±12.45) ng/L、(62.31±8.91) ng/L],两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 鼠神经生长因子联合神经节苷脂治疗HIE患儿疗效显著,具有重要研究意义.     

血同型半胱氨酸、纤维蛋白原、D-二聚体联合检测在急性脑梗死诊断中的临床意义

目的探讨血同型半胱氨酸( Hcy)、纤维蛋白原( FIB)、 D-二聚体( D-D)联合检测在急性脑梗死病人诊断中的临床意义。方法选择 2017年 6月至 2019年 3月于佛山市第一人民医院禅城医院就诊的急性脑梗死病人 100例为研究组，根据病情的进展与演变分为非进展组( n＝59)与进展组( n＝41)并选择同期于该院体检的健康人 100例为对照组，比较各组 Hcy、FIB、D-D水平差异。结果研究组病人的 Hcy为( 15.11±5.69)μ，mol/L、FIB为( 5.39±1.15)g/L、D-D为( 2.63±1.29)mg/L，对照组病人的 Hcy为( 6.05±2.18)μmol/L、FIB为( 2.88±0.57)g/L、D-D为( 0.28±0.14)mg/L，研究组病人的 Hcy、FIB及 D-D显著高于对照组( P＜     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence among men and women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders

This study explored gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence in a crosssectional study of 150 men and 150 women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders (AUD). Participants were recruited in equal numbers from treatment settings, correctional centres and the general community. Standardized measures were used to determine participants' use of substances, history of psychiatric disorders and psychosocial stress, their sensation seeking and family history of substance use and mental health disorders. Multivariate analyses were used to detect patterns of variables associated with gender and the lifetime severity of AUD. Men had a longer history of severe AUD than women. Women had similar levels of alcohol dependence and medical and psychological sequelae as men, despite 6 fewer years of AUD. More women than men had a history of severe psychosocial stress, severe dependence on other substances and antecedent mental health problems, especially mood and anxiety disorders. There were differences in family history of alcohol-related problems approximating same-gender aggregation. The severity of a lifetime AUD was predicted by its earlier age at onset and the occurrence of other disorders, especially anxiety, among both men and women. The limitations in the generalizability of these findings due to sample idiosyncrasies are discussed.