藤黄健骨胶囊联合艾瑞昔布治疗膝骨关节炎的临床研究

目的探究藤黄健骨胶囊联合艾瑞昔布片治疗膝骨关节炎的临床疗效。方法选取2018年1月—2020年12月开封市人民医院收治的112例膝骨关节炎为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和治疗组,每组各56例。对照组餐后口服艾瑞昔布片,2次/d,0.1 g/次;治疗组患者在对照组基础上餐后口服藤黄健骨胶囊,2次/d,1 g/次。两组患者治疗8周。观察两组患者临床疗效,比较治疗前后两组患者血清白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、IL-17、IL-23和胰岛素样生长因子1(IGF-1)水平,及视觉模拟法评分(VAS)和膝关节功能(Lysholm)评分。结果治疗后,治疗组总有效率为92.86%,显著高于对照组的83.93%(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者血清IL-1β、IL-17、IL-23、IGF-1水平均明显下降(P0.05),且治疗组更明显(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者VAS评分明显降低,而Lysholm评分明显升高(P0.05),且治疗组患者评分明显好于对照组(P0.05)。结论藤黄健骨胶囊联合艾瑞昔布片治疗膝骨关节炎,能够明显改善患者炎症反应,缓解疼痛程度,提高膝关节功能恢复效率和临床疗效。     

穿龙骨刺片联合艾瑞昔布治疗膝骨关节炎的疗效及对氧化应激的影响

目的探讨穿龙骨刺胶囊联合艾瑞昔布治疗膝骨关节炎的临床效果。方法选取2020年1月—2021年1月在郑州大学第一附属医院治疗的102例膝骨关节炎患者,根据用药差别分为对照组和治疗组,每组各51例。对照组口服艾瑞昔布片,0.1 g/次,2次/d;治疗组在对照组基础上口服穿龙骨刺片,4 g/次,3次/d。两组均经8周治疗。观察两组的临床疗效,比较两组临床症状改善时间、相关评分和血清氧化应激指标。结果经治疗,治疗组总有效率是98.04%,显著高于对照组的82.35%(P0.05)。经治疗,治疗组膝关节疼痛、肿胀、活动受限改善时间明显短于对照组(P0.05)。经治疗,两组VAS评分、WOMAC评分、ISOA评分均较治疗前显著降低,但Lysholm评分显著升高(P0.05);且治疗后治疗组相关评分改善优于对照组(P0.05)。经治疗,两组患者血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)显著升高,但丙二醛(MDA)水平显著降低(P0.05);治疗后,治疗组血清氧化应激水平改善优于对照组(P0.05)。结论穿龙骨刺胶囊联合艾瑞昔布治疗膝骨关节炎具有较好的临床疗效,可有效改善患者临床症状,改善关节功能,抑制氧化应激反应,有着良好的临床应用价值。     

瘀血痹胶囊联合艾瑞昔布治疗膝骨关节炎的临床研究

目的 探讨瘀血痹胶囊联合艾瑞昔布片治疗膝骨关节炎的临床疗效。方法 选取2020年3月—2022年3月中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九〇四医院收治的130例膝骨关节炎患者,根据随机数字表法将所有患者分为对照组和治疗组,每组各65例。对照组餐后温水送服艾瑞昔布片,1片/次,2次/d。治疗组在对照组基础上口服瘀血痹胶囊,6粒/次,3次/d。两组患者连续用药8周。观察两组患者的临床疗效,采用视觉模拟评分法（VAS）评估两组患者的疼痛程度,采用改良版西安大略和麦克马斯特大学骨关节炎指数量表（WOMAC）评估两组患者的膝关节功能,比较两组患者治疗前后血清炎症因子白介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、C反应蛋白（CRP）水平。结果 治疗后,治疗组总有效率（95.38%）高于对照组（84.62%）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗后,两组VAS、WOMAC评分均显著下降（P<0.05）,且治疗组VAS、WOMAC评分均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗后,两组血清IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、CRP水平均显...     

痹祺胶囊联合氨基葡萄糖胶囊和玻璃酸钠治疗膝骨关节炎的临床研究

目的探讨痹祺胶囊联合氨基葡萄糖胶囊和玻璃酸钠治疗膝骨关节炎的临床疗效。方法选取2016年2月—2018年10月中国人民武装警察部队特色医学中心收治的82例膝骨关节炎患者,随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组各41例。对照组膝关节腔注射玻璃酸钠注射液,2.5 mL/次,1次/周,连续注射5周为1个疗程,并口服盐酸氨基葡萄糖胶囊,0.75 g/次,2次/d,连续服用6周为一个疗程。治疗组在对照组治疗基础上口服痹祺胶囊,1.2g/次,3次/d。两组患者均连续治疗6周后进行疗效评价。观察两组的临床疗效,比较两组治疗前后WOMAC评分、VAS评分和血清学指标的变化情况。结果治疗后,对照组和治疗组的总有效率分别为80.49%、95.12%,两组总有效率比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组WOMAC各项评分、总分、VAS评分均较同组治疗前显著降低,同组治疗前后评分比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后治疗组这些评分显著低于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组血清白细胞介素-1(IL-1)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、基质金属蛋白酶-3(MMP-3)、软骨寡聚基质蛋白(COMP)水平较同组治疗前均显著降低,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后治疗组这些血清学指标显著低于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论痹祺胶囊联合氨基葡萄糖胶囊和玻璃酸钠治疗膝骨关节炎具有较好的临床疗效,能有效降低患者膝关节炎性反应,缓解患肢症状,改善患者膝关节功能,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。     

复方杜仲健骨颗粒联合硫酸氨基葡萄糖治疗膝骨关节炎的临床研究

目的探讨复方杜仲健骨颗粒联合硫酸氨基葡萄糖胶囊治疗膝骨关节炎的临床疗效。方法选取2017年2月—2018年2月在北京市东城区第一人民医院诊治的膝骨关节炎患者98例,根据挂号的奇偶性分为对照组(49例)和治疗组(49例)。对照组口服硫酸氨基葡萄糖胶囊,0.628 g/次,3次/d;治疗组在对照组的基础上口服复方杜仲健骨颗粒,12 g/次,3次/d。两组患者经4周治疗。观察两组患者临床疗效,同时比较治疗前后两组患者WOMAC、VAS、LKSS和ISOA评分及血清超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、软骨寡聚基质蛋白(COMP)、白细胞介素-17(IL-17)、基质金属蛋白酶-3(MMP-3)、环氧化酶-2(COX-2)水平。结果治疗后,对照组临床有效率为81.63%,显著低于治疗组的95.92%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。经治疗,两组患者WOMAC评分、VAS评分、ISOA评分均明显下降(P0.05),LKSS评分明显升高(P0.05),且治疗组患者这些评分明显好于对照组(P0.05)。经治疗,两组血清hs-CRP、COMP、IL-17、MMP-3、COX-2水平均显著降低(P0.05),且治疗组患者这些血清学指标明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论复方杜仲健骨颗粒联合硫酸氨基葡萄糖胶囊治疗膝骨关节炎患者可改善患者膝关节功能,降低机体hs-CRP、COMP、IL-17、MMP-3、COX-2水平。     

骨瓜提取物注射液联合双醋瑞因治疗骨关节炎的临床研究

目的探讨骨瓜提取物注射液联合双醋瑞因胶囊治疗骨关节炎的临床疗效。方法选取2017年2月—2018年2月在青海大学附属医院治疗的骨关节炎患者86例,依据用药的差别分为对照组(43例)和治疗组(43例)。对照组患者口服双醋瑞因胶囊,50 mg/次,2次/d;治疗组在对照组基础上静脉滴注骨瓜提取物注射液,100 mg加入250 mL生理盐水,1次/d。两组均治疗4周。观察两组患者临床疗效,同时比较治疗前后两组患者膝关节功能评分和血清学指标。结果治疗后,对照组临床有效率为79.07%,显著低于治疗组的95.35%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组骨关节指数评分(WOMAC)评分和VAS评分均显著降低(P0.05),膝关节评分量表(LKSS)评分显著升高(P0.05),且治疗组膝关节功能评分明显优于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后,两组血清白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、软骨寡聚基质蛋白(COMP)、环氧化酶-2(COX-2)和基质金属蛋白酶-3(MMP-3)水平均显著降低(P0.05),且治疗组上述血清学指标明显低于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论骨瓜提取物注射液联合双醋瑞因胶囊治疗骨关节炎可有效改善患者临床症状,降低机体炎症反应,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。     

金天格胶囊联合美洛昔康治疗膝骨关节炎的疗效观察

目的探讨金天格胶囊联合美洛昔康治疗膝骨关节炎的临床疗效。方法选取2016年4月—2017年7月在内蒙古医科大学附属医院就诊的膝骨关节炎患者83例,随机分为对照组(42例)和治疗组(41例)。对照组口服美洛昔康片,2片/次,3次/d。治疗组在对照组治疗基础上口服金天格胶囊,3粒/次,3次/d。两组患者均连续治疗12周。观察两组的临床疗效,比较两组治疗前后Lysholm评分、膝关节屈曲度、VAS评分的变化情况。结果治疗后,对照组和治疗组的总有效率分别为73.81%、82.93%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者疼痛感评分、内外翻畸形评分、关节活动度评分、主动延伸受限评分、行走能力评分、日常活动评分、总分、膝关节屈曲度均明显增加,VAS评分显著降低,同组治疗前后差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,治疗组疼痛感评分、内外翻畸形评分、关节活动度评分、主动延伸受限评分、行走能力评分、日常活动评分、总分、膝关节屈曲度显著高于对照组,VAS评分低于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论金天格胶囊联合美洛昔康治疗膝骨关节炎具有较好的临床疗效,可提高膝关节功能的康复效果,降低患者疼痛,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。     

尼美舒利联合双醋瑞因治疗膝骨性关节炎的临床研究

目的探讨尼美舒利联合双醋瑞因治疗膝骨性关节炎的临床疗效。方法选取2015年8月—2016年8月在河南科技大学第一附属医院接受治疗的膝骨性关节炎患者86例,按照治疗方法的差别分为对照组和治疗组,每组各43例。对照组口服双醋瑞因胶囊,1粒/次,2次/d。治疗组在对照组基础上口服尼美舒利胶囊,1粒/次,2次/d。两组患者均治疗4周。观察两组的临床疗效,比较骨关节炎指数(WOMAC)评分、视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分、膝关节评分量表(LKSS)评分、白细胞介素-1(IL-1)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、环氧合酶-2(COX-2)和基质金属蛋白酶-3(MMP-3)的情况。结果治疗后,对照组和治疗组的总有效率分别为81.40%、97.67%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组WOMAC评分和VAS评分均显著降低,而LKSS评分均显著升高,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);且治疗组这些观察指标的改善程度明显优于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组IL-1、IL-6、COX-2和MMP-3水平均显著降低,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);且治疗组这些观察指标的下降程度明显优于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论尼美舒利联合双醋瑞因治疗膝骨性关节炎具有较好的临床疗效,可改善临床症状,降低炎性反应,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。     

活血止痛胶囊联合依托考昔治疗膝关节骨性关节炎的疗效观察

目的探讨活血止痛胶囊联合依托考昔治疗膝关节骨性关节炎的临床疗效。方法选取选取2016年2月—2017年2月天津中医药大学第一附属医院骨伤科膝关节骨性关节炎患者60例,随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组各30例。对照组患者饭后口服依托考昔片,1片/次,1次/d。治疗组在对照组治疗基础上口服活血止痛胶囊,6粒/次,2次/d。两组均连续治疗4周。观察两组的临床疗效,比较两组治疗前后VAS评分、WOMAC评分、Lysholm评分、Lequesne指数、患肢红外热成像温度的变化情况。结果治疗后,对照组和治疗组的总有效率分别为86.67%、96.67%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组VAS评分、WOMAC评分和Lequesne指数均较治疗前显著降低,Lysholm评分较治疗前显著升高,同组治疗前后比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,治疗组VAS评分、WOMAC评分和Lequesne指数低于对照组,Lysholm评分高于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患膝红外热成像温度均较治疗前显著降低,同组治疗前后比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后治疗组患膝红外热成像温度低于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论活血止痛胶囊联合依托考昔治疗膝关节骨性关节炎具有较好的临床疗效,能减轻患者膝关节疼痛和改善膝关节功能,降低患膝红外热成像温度,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。     

复方倍他米松联合塞来昔布治疗膝关节骨性关节炎的临床研究

目的研究复方倍他米松注射液联合塞来昔布胶囊治疗膝关节骨性关节炎的临床疗效。方法选取2017年6月—2018年6月酉阳土家族苗族自治县人民医院收治的100例膝关节骨性关节炎患者作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将患者分为对照组和治疗组,每组各50例。对照组患者口服塞来昔布胶囊,200mg/次,1次/d;治疗组在对照组的基础上关节腔内注射复方倍他米松注射液,1 mL/次,1次/周。两组患者均治疗4周。观察两组患者的临床疗效,同时比较两组治疗前后的膝关节高频超声参数、骨关节炎指数可视化量表(WOMAC)评分、视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分和血清炎性因子水平。结果治疗后,对照组和治疗组的总有效率分别为84.00%、96.00%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者软骨厚度明显增加(P0.05);且治疗后治疗组软骨厚度明显高于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者WOMAC评分显著升高,VAS评分显著降低(P0.05);且治疗后治疗组WOMAC和VAS评分显著优于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者基质金属蛋白酶-3(MMP-3)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、PG蛋白聚糖(PG)、软骨寡聚基质蛋白(COMP)水平均显著降低(P0.05);且治疗后治疗组血清炎性因子水平显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论复方倍他米松注射液联合塞来昔布胶囊治疗膝关节骨性关节炎具有较好的临床疗效,能够改善患者的临床症状,降低炎性因子水平,安全性较高,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.