抗栓治疗致自发性下肢肌间血肿一例

患者男,76岁,63 kg.因"间断胸闷、胸痛2年,加重1个月"入院.患者2年前出现胸闷、胸痛,当地医院诊断为"急性心肌梗死",给予药物治疗后好转出院.出院后未正规用药,间断发作胸闷、胸痛.1个月前上述症状加重,活动耐力下降,稍活动即有胸闷、胸痛,伴有双下肢水肿,夜间阵发性呼吸困难.     

室性心律失常风暴

苑医师（住院医师）：今天查房的患者男性,46岁,因间断胸闷、憋气、胸痛2个月,加重10d就诊。患者于2个月前骑自行车时出现胸闷、憋气、心慌、胸痛,胸痛位于心前区,每次发作约1min,休息后可缓解,无颈部及后背部放射。无恶心、呕吐,无头痛、头晕,     

心肌淀粉样变性一例报告及文献复习

<正>患者男性,57岁,因"间断胸闷、胸痛9年,间断喘憋2个月,症状加重3d"于2014年7月2日入院。患者于入院前9年开始无诱因间断发作短暂心前区疼痛伴胸闷,曾行冠状动脉造影检查,未见明显异常。患者于入院前2个月间断出现憋喘、夜间不能平卧及双下肢水肿,外院X线胸片检查提示左侧大量胸腔积液,行穿刺引流,引流液为"漏出液",给予强心、利尿等治疗后病情好转。患者于入院前3 d无明显     

急性心肌梗死合并肾梗死1例

正1临床资料患者男,53岁。因"间断胸痛2个月,加重3 d"于2017年6月7日就诊于北京大学第三医院。2个月前患者重体力劳动时出现胸痛,向左上肢放射,每次持续10~15 min,休息可缓解。入院前3 d胸痛程度加重,频率明显增加,持续时间超过30 min,未及时就诊。既往有糖尿病、高脂血症病史。妹妹30岁时猝死,原因不详。查体:血压112/71 mm Hg     

经桡动脉行冠状动脉介入治疗并发纵隔血肿死亡一例

1病例简介患者男,43岁,因"间断胸痛20d、加重1周"入院。患者20d前出现心前区胸痛、呈闷胀性、与体力活动相关。无头痛、头晕、咳嗽、咳痰、发热,无双下肢水肿,持续时间约5min,经休息后可缓解,未引起重视,未治疗。近1周来胸痛症状发作频繁,并可在安静状态下发作。吸烟20+年,20支/d。无高血压,高血脂,高血糖史。院内外心电图均提示:窦     

复杂缓慢型心律失常为表现的老龄心肾综合征1例

1对象和方法第1次入院:患者男性,67岁,主因发作性胸闷、胸痛2个月,加重伴咳嗽、咳痰2周于2009年10月收入我院老年病科,诊断为"肺部感染",1周后咳嗽好转,患者出现因心率缓慢以"缓慢型心律失常"收入心脏内科治疗。收治后患者仍存在间断胸闷、胸痛发作。既往有高血压病史20年,糖尿病史2年。入院     

心肌梗死后急性左心衰1例报告

<正>1病历资料患者男,65岁,主因"间断胸痛2 d,加重3 h"入院。患者自述2 d前间断于休息时出现胸痛,位于胸骨后,为烧灼样疼痛,程度轻度,伴胸闷,每次持续3~5 min后可自行缓解,未予重视,未进行诊治。入院3 h前患者休息时再次出现胸痛,部位、性质同前,程度较前明显加重,伴胸闷、大汗,且症状持续不缓解,于当地医院行心电图检查示"V2~V6导联ST段抬高0.15~0.85 m V",考虑"急性心肌梗死",遂转至     

镜像右位心急性前壁心肌梗死急诊PCI 1例

1病例患者男性,47岁,主因“间断胸痛2 d,加重2 h”于2017-10-503:20入院。患者于2 d前无明显诱因出现胸痛,症状持续时间<10 min,休息后可缓解。2 h前上述症状再发,症状较前加重,持续不缓解。急诊以“急性心肌梗死”收入院。既往体健,有“镜像右位心”及“完全性内脏反转”史。     

心包压塞为首发表现的不典型主动脉壁间血肿1例

<正>1 病例资料患者,男,61岁。主因间断胸痛14 d入院。患者入院前14 d无明显诱因胸痛发作,位置偏剑突下,伴出汗、头晕、黑朦,无肩背部放射痛,无恶心、呕吐,意识丧失,休息约10 min可缓解;此后上述症状间断发作,症状同前,于当地诊所输液治疗后症状控制欠佳。入院当天早晨患者胸痛发作频繁,伴出汗、黑朦,遂来我科就诊。既往有支气管扩张病史,近期发热,伴咳嗽、咳痰,高血压病史10余年,血压最高为180/100 mmHg(1 mmHg=0     

光学相干断层成像评估可能由支气管哮喘诱发的冠状动脉痉挛一例

1??临床资料 患者男性,53岁,主因"间断胸痛20 d,加重4 d"以"非ST段抬高型心肌梗死"于2020年12月13日收住入院.患者于入院前20天突发胸痛,为压榨样疼痛,伴颈部及后背放射痛,活动后症状加重,每次持续10 min,休息后症状缓解,近4天症状加重,伴咳嗽,阵发性干咳,夜间咳嗽症状频繁.     

Three layer functional model and energy exchange concept of aging process

Relying on a certain degree of abstraction, we can propose that no particular distinction exists between animate or living matter and inanimate matter. While focusing attention on some specifics, the dividing line between the two can be drawn. The most apparent distinction is in the level of structural and functional organization with the dissimilar streams of ‘energy flow’ between the observed entity and the surrounding environment. In essence, living matter is created from inanimate matter which is organized to contain internal intense energy processes and maintain lower intensity energy exchange processes with the environment. Taking internal and external energy processes into account, we contend in this paper that living matter can be referred to as matter of dissipative structure, with this structure assumed to be a common quality of all living creatures and living matter in general. Interruption of internal energy conversion processes and terminating the controlled energy exchange with the environment leads to degeneration of dissipative structure and reduction of the same to inanimate matter, (gas, liquid and/or solid inanimate substances), and ultimately what can be called ‘death.’ This concept of what we call dissipative nature can be extended from living organisms to social groups of animals, to mankind. An analogy based on the organization of matter provides a basis for a functional model of living entities. The models relies on the parallels among the three central structures of any cell (nucleus, cytoplasm and outer membrane) and the human body (central organs, body fluids along with the connective tissues, and external skin integument). This three-part structural organization may be observed almost universally in nature. It can be observed from the atomic structure to the planetary and intergalactic organizations. This similarity is corroborated by the membrane theory applied to living organisms. According to the energy nature of living matter and the proposed functional model, the decreased integrity of a human body's external envelope membrane is a first cause of the structural degradation and aging of the entire organism. The aging process than progresses externally to internally, as in single cell organisms, suggesting that much of the efforts towards the restoration and maintenance of the mechanisms responsible for structural development should be focused accordingly, on the membrane, i.e., the skin. Numerous reports indicate that all parts of the human body, like: bones, blood with blood vessels, muscles, skin, and so on, have some ability for restoration. Therefore, actual revival of not only aging tissue of the human body's membrane, but the entire human body enclosed within, with all internal organs, might be expected. We assess several aging theories within the context of our model and provide suggestions on how to activate the body's own anti-aging mechanisms and increase longevity. This paper presents some analogies and some distinctions that exist between the living dissipative structure matter and inanimate matter, discusses the aging process and proposes certain aging reversal solutions.     

Unusual responses of nocturnal pineal melatonin synthesis and secretion to swimming: Attempts to define mechanisms

Abstract: The effect of swimming at night on rat pineal melatonin synthesis was compared with that of light exposure at night. Rats were forced to swim at 0030 hr (lights out at 2000 hr) and sacrificed by decapitation 15 and 30 min later, immediately after swimming. Other groups of animals were exposed to white light (650μW/cm²) for 15 and 30 min at same time. Swimming caused a rapid and highly significant drop in the melatonin content in the pineal gland; however, the activity of N-acetyltransferase (NAT), the supposed rate limiting enzyme in the melatonin production, was not changed. Despite the drop in pineal melatonin levels, serum concentrations of the indole remained elevated in the rats that swam. In contrast, melatonin levels in the pineal and serum of light exposed rats fell precipitously, accompanied by a significant suppression of NAT activity. Since we anticipated that the strenuous exercise associated with swimming may induce release of artrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) from the heart, which in turn could cause the release of pineal melatonin, in a second study we injected physiological saline intravenously to stretch the cardiac muscle and release ANP. Three milliliters of normal saline was injected during the day into the jugular vein of anesthetized rats that were pretreated with isoproterenol to stimulate pineal melatonin production. Animals were killed 15 min after the saline injection, and pineal NAT activity and pineal melatonin levels were measured. The saline injections caused no alteration in the elevated levels of either NAT or melatonin. These data suggest that the disparity in pineal NAT activity (which was high) and pineal melatonin (which was low), in animals swum at night, may not be caused by ANP which is released during strenuous exercise such as swimming.     

Melatonin and photoperiodic time measurement: Seasonal breeding in the sheep

Abstract: Well-established circadian physiology supports the view that photoperiodic time measurement utilizes the coincidence between the presence of light and a photosensitive phase of a 'biological clock' to alter reproductive status—the so-called external coincidence model of seasonal breeding. In this review, we examine the mechanism whereby photoperiod interacts with presumed suprachiasmatic nuclei activity to allow endogenous melatonin to normally synchronize reproductive activity to the optimal time of year. The Romney Marsh sheep is particularly explored as an experimental model. It is suggested that the on/off activity of seasonal reproduction may be a robust mechanism able to be predictably manipulated by the judicious use of the light/dark cycle and exogenous melatonin, but firmly based on circadian principles.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Serological survey of HIV and syphilis in pregnant women in Madagascar

Objectives Peripartal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, leads to severe consequences for newborns. Preventive measures require awareness of the maternal infection. Although HIV and syphilis testing in Madagascar could be theoretically carried out within the framework of the national pregnancy follow‐up scheme, the required test kits are rarely available at peripheral health centres. In this study, we screened blood samples of pregnant Madagascan women for HIV and syphilis seroprevalence to estimate the demand for systemic screening in pregnancy. Methods Retrospective anonymous serological analysis for HIV and syphilis was performed in plasma samples from 1232 pregnant women that were taken between May and July 2010 in Ambositra, Ifanadiana, Manakara, Mananjary, Moramanga and Tsiroanomandidy (Madagascar) during pregnancy follow‐up. Screening was based on Treponema pallidum haemagglutination tests for syphilis and rapid tests for HIV, with confirmation of positive screening results on line assays. Results Out of 1232 pregnant women, none were seropositive for HIV and 37 (3%) were seropositive for Treponema pallidum. Conclusions Our findings are in line with previous studies that describe considerable syphilis prevalence in the rural Madagascan population. The results suggest a need for screening to prevent peripartal Treponema pallidum transmission, while HIV is still rare. If they are known, Treponema pallidum infections can be easily, safely and inexpensively treated even in pregnancy to reduce the risk of transmission.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.