门诊输液室护理风险因素分析与防范措施

目的分析门诊输液室的护理风险因素并提出相应的防范措施,从而减少门诊输液室的护患纠纷。方法对门诊输液室所存在的风险因素进行逐个分析,包括从护理人员方面以及患者方面进行分析,并提出相应的防范措施。结果为了降低输液室护理风险,我院提出规范护理流程、增强护士责任心、加强护士技能培训、加强护患沟通等措施,以减少护理差错以及纠纷。结论采取相应的防范措施能够降低门诊输液室护理风险,同时优化输液护理。     

健康教育在门诊输液室中的研究

将健康教育贯穿于门诊输液室,输液患者治疗的全过程。从细微之处入手,为静脉输液患者提供健康教育,从而能提高服务质量,减轻患者痛苦,改善护患关系,有效提高护士工作效率。医护人员利用所学的知识,主动为患者讲解输液前的准备,输液中的观察要点及输液后的注意事项。在门诊输液室中为静脉输液患者开展健康教育,促进了患者的康复,增强了患者战胜疫病的信心,提升了护理质量和患者的满意度。     

双向查对制度在门诊输液护理中的效果观察

目的：探讨双向查对制度在门诊输液护理中的应用效果。方法选择2013年7月~2014年3月于我院门诊部进行输液的300例患者,随机分为实验组和对照组各150例患者,实验组采取双向查对护理方法,对照组采用常规门诊护理方法,对比分析两组患者的临床护理效果。结果实验组护士护理工作达到优等的有112人,优秀率为74.66%,患者满意程度为优等的有136例,满意率为90.66%;对照组护士护理工作达到优等的有97人,优秀率为64.66%,患者满意程度为优等的有102例,满意率为68%;即实验组的临床应用效果显著优于对照组的临床应用效果。结论这种门诊输液护理制度有效降低了医患之间的纠纷问题,并且对护士工作能力起到了有效的锻炼作用。双向探查制度在门诊输液护理中的应用效果显著优于常规门诊护理方法,值得临床上普遍推广使用。     

临床输液护理中护患沟通的作用

目的 提升输液质量,减少由于护理差错发生或是引起护患之间沟通的不便,提升病人的满意率.方法 2009年7月～2010年7月期间对我院输液患者进行问卷调查,由质控组的成员对其实行问卷调查.结果 在对患者输液前后,出现了诸如输液速度欠准确、穿刺处出现红肿渗液、药物配制不正确等方面的问题.结论 对护士加强操作技能与基础理论方面的学习,提升输液管理质量,提高护理服务水平.     

社区门诊输液病人舒适护理初探

目的 摸索社区门诊输液患者中舒适护理的方法.方法 将舒适理论应用于社区门诊输液病人的实际工作中.结果 持续改进和加强舒适护理的应用,弥补了输液带给病人的不适.结论 采取有针对性的护理措施,促进患者心理舒适,减轻患者身体不适,满足了患者舒适需要,提高了护理质量和患者对护士的满意度,降低了医疗纠纷,取得了良好效果.     

门急诊输液的常见安全隐患及护理防范措施

在当前的医院运行模式下,门诊输液已成为医师和患者选择最为广泛的治疗方法之一.因具有简单、经济的特性,使门诊输液患者数量逐年剧增.而随着患者多、停留时间短、工作量大、护理人员配备不足、护患沟通少、病种多杂、用药种类多等问题的增多,门急诊输液护士的压力也随之增加.     

老年心衰患者静脉输液的护理要点

作者通过１４年临床实践对老年心衰患者静脉输液的护理。总结了在输液过程中，临床护士不只是机械的执行医嘱，而且要牢固掌握药物知识，熟悉不同种类液体对血容量的影响，应根据患者年龄，药物性质灵活调节输液速度，及时巡视病房，防止输液失控，确保输液的顺利进行的体会。     

240例门诊输液病人需求与护理人员认可情况调查与分析

输液是医院最常见,最直接的侵入性治疗手段之一,门诊输液室每天接待大量患者及家属,是人群相对集中而又流动量较大的场所,由于,输液治疗流程涉及诸多方面,患者又非住院,如何满足他们在输液期间的需求,促进配合治疗,已得到大家的普遍关注,但是,在实际工作中,对患者实施的护理行为多以护士自身判断为主,缺乏针对性[1],本文对我院240例门诊输液患者的需求及满意度与护理人员对此方面的认可情况进行调查与对比分析,现报告如下 :     

输液室护理风险分析及对策研究

目的：探讨社区门诊输液室存在的分析及相关对策。方法回顾分析我社区门诊输液室出现意外的80例患者护理风险原因。结果该80例患者护理风险分析,结果显示静脉穿刺引起的意外发生率最高65.00%,其次为药物不良反应26.25%、交叉感染6.25%、打错针、输错液2.5%。结论社区门诊输液室是为社区群众提供就近医疗救治的服务场所,通过加强社区门诊风险管理,不仅能有效避免或减少风险事件的发生,同时能够使患者满意度有效提高,临床应当引起重视。     

门诊输液流程改进后的应用

目的：探讨输液流程改进后对提高工作效率的作用。方法将改进后输液室的流程、门诊每日输液的工作量,同改进前门诊常规流程、每日输液的工作量进行比较,通过对门诊输液室护理人员的工作效率及患者的满意度分析流程改进后的重要性。结果患者对输液室的工作满意,护理人员身心疲惫减轻。结论门诊输液室流程改进后提高了护理人员的工作效率及患者的满意度,达到了护理质量持续改进的目的。     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

What will studies of Fulani individuals naturally exposed to malaria teach us about protective immunity to malaria?

There are an estimated over 200 million yearly cases of malaria worldwide. Despite concerted international effort to combat the disease, it still causes approximately half a million deaths every year, the majority of which are young children with Plasmodium falciparum infection in sub-Saharan Africa. Successes are largely attributed to malaria prevention strategies, such as insecticide-treated mosquito nets and indoor spraying, as well as improved access to existing treatments. One important hurdle to new approaches for the treatment and prevention of malaria is our limited understanding of the biology of Plasmodium infection and its complex interaction with the immune system of its human host. Therefore, the elimination of malaria in Africa not only relies on existing tools to reduce malaria burden, but also requires fundamental research to develop innovative approaches. Here, we summarize our discoveries from investigations of ethnic groups of West Africa who have different susceptibility to malaria.     

The dominant diseases of modernized societies as omega-3 essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome: Substrate beriberi

About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread $\text{epidemics}$ of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a $\text{panh}$ypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of $\text{substrate}$ beriberi and $\text{substrate}$ pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse $\text{endemic}$ disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for $\text{primates}$. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.     

The universal muscular chain reaction,muscle spasm,Torsions, ruptures and extravasations. Chameleons of pathology and some manifestations of simple muscular disorders

Most bodily functions require the coordinated actions of complementary and supplementary paired muscle groups. Where this essential muscular cooperation is lacking, hollow organs may burst and others become literally screwed up, giving rise to many similar spastic diseases such as Torticollis, Twisted ovarian cyst, Torsion of the Testis, Volvulus of the intestines, Varicose Veins, Megacolon, Aortamegaly, Scoliosis, Erb's Palsy, Peyronie's Disease, Main-en-Griffe, Undescended Foot (Pes Cavus), Talipes, Strabismus. Spasm is “panenepidemic” and unclassified examples of Torsion Dystonia and Dyskinesia really are as common as debt and taxes.     

Class II HLA in Georgia Caucasus Tbilisi Georgians and their Mediterranean ancestry: The Usko Mediterranean languages

Georgia (or Sakartvelo in its own language) is a South Caucasus Mts. country with its easternmost part is enigmatically named Iberia, like the Iberian Peninsula, which may refer to rivers “Kura” and “Ebro” or their valleys respectively. Most of their inhabitants speak Georgian which is included within Dene-Caucasian group and Usko-Mediterranean subgroup of languages. The latter includes Basque, Berber, ancient Iberian-Tartessian, Etruscan, Hittite, Minoan Lineal A and others. In the present paper, HLA class II -DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles has been studied and extended haplotypes calculated. Most frequent haplotypes are also of Mediterranean origin (i. e.: (A*02-B*51)-DRB1*11:01-DQB1*03:01, (A*02-B*51)-DRB1*13:01-DQB1*06:03, or (A*24-B*35)-DRB1*01:01-DQB1*05:01) and DA genetic distances show that closest world populations to Georgians are Mediterraneans. Georgians also show common extended haplotypes ((A*02-B*51)-DRB1*11:01-DQB1*03:01, (A*02-B*13)-DRB1*07:01-DQB1*02:01 and (A*03-B*35)-DRB1*11:01-DQB1*03:01) with Svan people, a secluded population in North Georgia mountains. We can conclude that Georgians belong to a very old Mediterranean substratum according to both linguistics (Usko Mediterranean languages) and HLA genetics.     

'Very sore nights and days': the child's experience of illness in early modern England, c.1580-1720

Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.     

Guidelines for the Validation and Use of Immunoassays for Determination of Introduced Proteins in Biotechnology Enhanced Crops and Derived Food Ingredients

Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques. These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients. Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods. Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications. This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods. It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium. This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays. Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.     

Ultracryotomy: development and application (with examples from the yeast cytology) (author's transl)

The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.