Simultaneously recorded macular and paramacular ERGs in diseases affecting the central retina

Macular and paramacular ERGs in response to two alternating checks (6 deg/side) obtained from a standard TV stimulator were recorded in 34 normal subjects and in 54 patients affected by different macular diseases. Macular ERG amplitude and the amplitude ratio between macular and paramacular ERGs (M/P ratio) were measured.In normals, the intersubjects' variability of macular ERG was comparable to that reported using different stimulation/recording techniques. Macular ERG amplitude (but not the M/P ratio) was significantly affected by age.In patients, the mean amplitude of macular ERG and the mean M/P ratio were significantly lower than normal values. At least one of these two parameters was abnormal in 78.5% of eyes with maculopathy. Both macular ERG amplitude and M/P ratio were significantly correlated with visual acuity.The present results indicate that simultaneous macular and paramacular ERGs can be easily and reliably recorded in clinical routine to evaluate macular function. This technique appears to be particularly sensitive in hereditary macular diseases in which photoreceptors are primarily involved.     

Assessment of macular function by multifocal electroretinogram in diabetic macular edema before and after vitrectomy

The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of vitrectomy on retinal function in macular and paramacualr areas in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME). Ten eyes of 9 patients with successful vitrectomy for DME were evaluated by multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and visual acuity preoperatively and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 months postoperatively. Compared with pretreatment values, the response of the positive wave (P1) in macular and paramacular areas tended to decrease in latency from the second postoperative month, and increase in amplitude at the third postoperative month. There was no significant change in response of the negative wave (N1). The tendency in the change of macular function is coincident with that of macular morphology. Therefore, The multifocal ERG may provide objective criteria for the functional evaluation of DME before and after vitrectomy.     

糖尿病性黄斑水肿视网膜功能定量研究

目的:应用多焦视网膜电图评估糖尿病性黄斑水肿的视网膜功能.方法:选取2010-03/2014-03我院眼科经眼底血管造影检查确诊为糖尿病性黄斑水肿的患者30例48眼为观察组(其中局限性水肿18眼,弥漫性水肿24眼,囊样水肿6眼),选取视力0.8以上,经裂隙灯显微镜检查均未发现异常,全身情况无异常者15例30眼为对照组,两组研究对象均行多焦视网膜电图检查,并对其结果进行统计学分析.结果:糖尿病性黄斑水肿组多焦视网膜电图中心凹、黄斑区、黄斑外区a、b波的振幅密度与对照组相比均差异存在统计学意义(P＜0.01);中心凹处观察组和对照组a波的振幅密度分别为25.2±10.48、37.93±7.19nv/deg2,b波的振幅密度分别为77.16±27.97、113.42±11.79nv/deg2;黄斑区观察组和对照组a波的振幅密度分别为14.27±4.99、27.42 ±2.86nv/deg2,b波的振幅密度分别为43.14±14.77、69.99±10.07 nv/deg2;黄斑外区观察组和对照组a波的振幅密度分别为7.82±2.79、11.46±1.54nv/deg2,b波的振幅密度分别为19.85±6.5、31.56±6.0nv/deg2.中心凹处、黄斑区及黄斑外区多焦视网膜电图a、b波振幅密度在局限性黄斑水肿组与弥漫性黄斑水肿组和囊样黄斑水肿组间均存在统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论:糖尿病性黄斑水肿的多焦视网膜表现为a、b波振幅密度下降,潜伏期延长,振幅密度比潜伏期敏感.     

Sequential pattern-onset, -reversal and -offset VEPs: comparison of effects of checksize

The effects of checksize on individual components of half-field pattern-onset, -reversal and -offset VEPs were studied by presenting these three modes of stimulation sequentially in a single recording epoch so as to provide near identical recording and subject conditions. Components on the side of the scalp ipsilateral and contralateral to the stimulated half-field were measured so as to separate the macular and paramacular contributions. Ten checksizes were used (6'-110'). MANOVA showed a significant effect of checksize: small checksizes enhanced onset ipsilateral CII and contralateral P105, as well as all ipsilateral reversal components and offset N85 component, suggesting they are reflecting macular function. Onset CI, and contralateral reversal N105 and offset N115 components increased in amplitude with increasing checksize, suggesting they are predominantly of paramacular origin. The morphology of the contralateral onset P105 component was checksize dependent: small checks (< 35') produced a sharply defined positivity (macular sub-component), whereas larger checks produced a broadened/bifid waveform, suggesting the emergence of a later paramacular sub-component.     

糖尿病性黄斑水肿激光治疗前后视网膜功能的定量研究

目的：探讨激光光凝对糖尿病黄斑水肿患者视网膜功能的影响。
　　方法：连续选取2010-03/2014-03我院眼科经眼底血管造影检查确诊为糖尿病性黄斑水肿行黄斑格栅光凝的患者19例30眼,于治疗前及黄斑格栅光凝治疗后3 mo均行多焦视网膜电图检查,并对其结果进行统计学分析。
　　结果：激光治疗后中心凹处 a、b 波振幅密度升高,与治疗前相比存在统计学差异( t=-3.7683, P<0.01;t=-3.6570,P<0.01);激光治疗前后a、b波潜伏期无统计学差异(t=1.7103,P>0.05;t=1.5623,P>0.05)。激光治疗后黄斑区a、b波振幅密度均升高,与治疗前相比存在统计学差异(t=4.8337,P<0.01;t=-2.0376,P<0.05);激光治疗后黄斑区a、b波潜伏期均延长,与治疗前相比均存在统计学差异( t=-2.1892, P<0.05;t=-3.5024, P<0.01)。激光治疗前后黄斑外区a、b波振幅密度均无统计学差异(t=-1.4387,P>0.05;t=-0.1766,P>0.05);激光治疗后黄斑外区a、b波潜伏期均延长,与治疗前相比均存在统计学差异(t=-2.0905,P<0.05;t=-2.5646,P<0.05 ) 。
　　结论：激光光凝治疗改善了中心凹处视网膜的功能,有益于视力的改善,但激光光凝治疗糖尿病性黄斑水肿对黄斑区和黄斑外区视网膜的功能有广泛的破坏作用。     

Assessment of macular function by focal electroretinogram and pattern electroretinogram before and after epimacular membrane surgery

PURPOSE: To evaluate macular function before and after surgical peeling of idiopathic epimacular membrane (EMM). METHODS: Logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution visual acuity and results of focal (central 9 x 9 degrees) electroretinogram (fERG), pattern electroretinogram (pERG), and optical coherence tomography (OCT) assessment of macular volume were evaluated for 22 eyes of 22 patients (mean age +/- SD, 63.20 +/- 10.0 years) with EMM preoperatively (baseline) and 6 months after surgical peeling. Preoperative visual acuity and fERG and pERG amplitudes observed in EMM eyes were compared with those in 15 age-matched control eyes. RESULTS: In the preoperative evaluation, EMM eyes had a significant (P < 0.01; one-way analysis of variance) reduction in visual acuity and fERG and pERG amplitudes and an increase in OCT macular volume when compared with controls. In EMM eyes, the decrease in visual acuity was significantly correlated (P < 0.01, Pearson test) to the reduction in fERG and pERG amplitudes. At the postoperative evaluation, EMM eyes had a correlated significant (P < 0.01) increase in visual acuity, fERG amplitude, and pERG amplitude with respect to the preoperative values. All EMM eyes had a significant (P <0.01) reduction in macular volume, and retinal microanatomy was restored to normal conditions. CONCLUSION: In EMM eyes, the decrease in visual acuity is related to dysfunction of both preganglionic (abnormal fERG) and ganglionic (abnormal pERG) macular elements. Surgical removal of EMM may induce improvement of the function of both outer and innermost macular retinal layers, leading to a related increase in visual acuity.     

The nature and extent of retinal dysfunction associated with diabetic macular edema

PURPOSE: To evaluate the nature and extent of retinal dysfunction in the macular and surrounding areas that occurs in patients with diabetes with clinically significant macular edema (CSME). METHODS: Eleven patients were evaluated before focal laser treatment. Multifocal electroretinogram (ERG) and full-field ERG techniques were used to assess the effects of diabetic retinopathy and CSME on macular, paramacular, and peripheral retinal function. A modified visual field technique was used to obtain local threshold fields. The relationship between local sensitivity changes and local ERG changes was determined. RESULTS: Local ERG responses were significantly delayed and decreased in amplitude, and timing changes were observed in a larger area of the retina than amplitude changes. Visual field deficits were similarly widespread with marked sensitivity losses occurring in retinal areas with normal ERG amplitudes and in areas that appeared to be free of fundus abnormalities. Despite this similarity and the finding that retinal areas with elevated thresholds have timing delays, timing delays were not good predictors of the degree of threshold elevation. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate the widespread nature of timing deficits and visual field deficits that are associated with CSME.     

视网膜颞上分支静脉阻塞黄斑水肿激光光凝前后多焦视网膜电图改变

目的 应用多焦视网膜电图(multifocal electroretinogram,mfERG)观察激光光凝对于视网膜颞上分支静脉阻塞所致黄斑水肿的疗效.方法 对视网膜颞上分支静脉阻塞合并黄斑水肿的病例,进行多焦视网膜电图检查,分析其一阶反应(FOK),N1、P1波振幅密度值及其潜伏期.结果 中心凹处P1波振幅密度在光凝治疗后3个月开始恢复,治疗后6个月明显升高,与光凝治疗前相比差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05、P＜0.01);2环P1波潜伏期在光凝治疗后3个月比治疗前有所缩短(P＜0.05),到治疗后6个月时改善更加明显,与治疗前相比差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.01).颞上象限视网膜P1波振幅密度值在治疗后一个月与治疗前相比下降,其差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 激光光凝可以有效治疗视网膜分支静脉阻塞所致的黄斑水肿,多焦视网膜电图在疗效评估方面具有重要价值,P1波振幅密度和P1波潜伏期可作为评价疗效的敏感指标.     

Retinal function in diabetic macular edema after focal laser photocoagulation

PURPOSE: To assess the effects of focal photocoagulation on retinal function in the macular and perimacular areas in patients with diabetes who have clinically significant macular edema. METHODS: Eleven patients were assessed after focal laser treatment. Multifocal electroretinogram (ERG) and full-field ERG techniques were used to evaluate the effects of treatment on macular, paramacular, and peripheral retinal function. A modified visual field technique was used to obtain local threshold fields. The posttreatment results were compared with pretreatment results. Changes in local ERG response amplitudes and implicit times were calculated for each patient and presented as difference fields. The changes in local ERG responses were compared with the changes in local field sensitivity. RESULTS: After treatment, the results of the psychophysical tests suggested little or no change in visual function, but changes in retinal function were observed with the multifocal ERG technique. Local ERG responses showed increases in implicit time and decreases in amplitude, compared with pretreatment values. Timing was affected more than amplitude. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that focal treatment produces changes in retinal function, and these changes are not restricted to the treated macular area.     

Evoked responses in patients with macular holes

Thirty-two eyes with idiopathic macular holes and one eye with a traumatic macular hole were assessed by pattern-reversal electroretinography, ganzfeld electroretinography and pattern-reversal visual evoked potentials. Results were inspected for qualitative abnormalities and then measured in comparison with fellow eyes and 41 control eyes of similar age. Qualitative abnormalities occurred in some eyes with macular holes, most commonly a reduction in pattern-reversal electroretinogram or pattern-reversal visual evoked potential amplitude; 15 check amplitudes were significantly lower in eyes with macular holes than in control eyes, but no significant difference in latency was found. Control pattern-reversal electroretinogram and pattern-reversal visual evoked potential amplitudes were noted to decline with age, and paired t-tests on an age-matched subgroup of eyes with macular holes and control eyes showed appreciable differences only in the pattern-reversal electroretinogram q-r (N95) amplitude.     

Impact of Structural Changes on Multifocal Electroretinography in Patients With Use of Hydroxychloroquine

PurposeTo investigate the relationship between retinal structure and macular function in eyes screened for hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) toxicity.MethodsParticipants referred for hydroxychloroquine retinopathy screening with spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) testing were included in the analysis. Amplitude and implicit time of mfERG N1 and P1 responses were included in the analysis. Ring ratios were computed for amplitude values as the ratio of rings 1–3:5 (R1–3:R5). A control group of healthy participants was included for comparison of SD-OCT metrics.ResultsSixty-three eyes screened for HCQ retinopathy and 30 control eyes were analyzed. The outer nuclear layer (ONL) was significantly thinner in HCQ patients in the foveal (P = 0.008), parafoveal (P < 0.0001), and perifoveal (P < 0.0001) regions. The HCQ cohort was further divided into two subgroups according to the presence of structural clinically detectable retinopathy (i.e., structural damage as detected by multimodal imaging). HCQ eyes without retinopathy had a thinner ONL thickness in the foveal (P = 0.032), parafoveal (P < 0.0001), and perifoveal (P < 0.0001) regions and a thinner inner nuclear layer (INL) in the parafoveal region (P = 0.045 versus controls). Structural changes in HCQ patients without retinopathy were significantly associated with macular function as R2:R5 ring ratio of mfERG P1 amplitude was associated with INL (P = 0.002) and ONL (P = 0.044) thicknesses, and R3:R5 ring ratio of P1 amplitude was associated with ONL thickness (P = 0.004).ConclusionsOur results suggest that structural alterations secondary to HCQ toxicity may occur in the absence of clinically detectable retinopathy, and this may reflect in an impaired macular function.     

糖尿病性黄斑水肿患者玻璃体手术后黄斑区视功能的转归

目的　动态分析糖尿病性黄斑水肿 (DME)患者玻璃体手术前后黄斑区视功能的变化。方法　16例(17只眼 )经视网膜光凝治疗无好转的DME患者,在玻璃体手术后连续随访 7个月,动态对照观察患者手术前后中心视力、多焦视网膜电图 (mfERG)和相干光断层扫描 (opticalcoherencetomography, OCT)检查结果,探讨其手术前后黄斑区视功能的变化规律及其与黄斑形态改变的相关性。结果　mfERG检查结果显示DME患者术后黄斑区视功能以P1波变化为主,随时间延长,视功能逐渐增强。与术前mfERG检查结果相比,P1波振幅和潜伏期波形均显示患者于术后 4至5个月视功能改善明显(P<0. 05);术后各时间段的P1波振幅比较,亦显示患者视功能从术后 4个月起改善明显 (P< 0. 05 )。术后黄斑区P1波振幅的增加与中心凹厚度的消退呈线性正相关(P<0 01)。结论　DME患者经玻璃体手术治疗后黄斑区视功能的改善呈进行性;术后黄斑区视功能的改善与水肿的消退呈一致性。     

A comparison of pattern and multifocal electroretinography in the evaluation of age-related macular degeneration and its treatment with photodynamic therapy

This study compares pattern electroretinography (PERG) and multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) measures in 13 patients with predominantly classic choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) associated with age-related macular degeneration (ARMD, 9/13 unilateral, 4/13 bilateral), assesses the usefulness of each test in monitoring disease progression, and identifies electrophysiological predictors of outcome following treatment with photodynamic therapy (PDT). PERG and mfERGs were recorded at presentation, 2 weeks post-treatment, and at 3 monthly intervals for 2 years. The PERG was detectable in 8/13 patients with unilateral disease; the mfERG was detectable in 12/13 patients. P50 and N95 amplitudes increased in 6/8 patients and mfERG p1 increased in 7/13 patients at 2 years. PERG amplitudes correlated strongly with mfERG amplitudes in patients with unilateral disease. PERG P50 and mfERG p1 amplitude correlated with visual acuity at 2 years (R = 0.68, R = 0.82, respectively). The largest PERG P50 and mfERG p1 amplitude difference between treated and fellow eyes of all the groups on initial visit was associated with a poor visual outcome (P50 64% difference; p1 29% difference) whereas those with the smallest P50 and p1 amplitude difference was associated with improved vision at 2 years (P50 30% difference; p1 21% difference). The PERG and mfERG provide an objective measure of central retinal function in the progression of ARMD. A detectable PERG on presentation was the single best indicator of improved function and visual acuity at 2 years. The mfERG demonstrated disease progression from central retina into the paramacular regions over 2 years. Patients with poor visual outcomes had the largest inter-ocular amplitude difference on presentation, suggesting that such patients may have a worse prognosis following treatment.In part presented at ARVO 2004 (Fort Lauderdale, USA) and ISCEV 2004 (Peurto Rico, USA).     

The correlation between retinal circulation and function in branch retinal artery occlusion

PURPOSE: To investigate retinal circulation and function in eyes with branch retinal artery occlusion(BRAO) using a scanning laser Doppler flow-meter (SLDF) and multifocal electroretinogram (mERG). METHODS: In juxtapapillary and paramacular areas close to the occluded artery of the affected eye and the corresponding area of the fellow eye, the mean flow measured by SLDF, indicating microcirculation, and the p-wave amplitude in the response of mERG, indicating retinal function, were determined in three patients with BRAO at the period of reperfusion. The ratios of the affected eye to fellow eye(a/f ratio) were calculated, and the ratios of the mean flow (Fa/f) were compared with those of the p-wave amplitude(Pa/f). RESULTS: In the juxtapapillary area, both Fa/f and Pa/f decreased consistently, but in the paramacular area, Pa/f were lower than Fa/f in all cases. CONCLUSIONS: Functional recovery is likely to be later in the paramacular area than in the juxtapapillary area in the course of recovery of retinal circulation.     

The second harmonic of the electroretinogram to sinusoidal flicker: Spatiotemporal properties and clinical application

The photopic, focal electroretinogram elicited by sinusoidal modulation (8 Hz) of the luminance of a uniform field (flicker electroretinogram) presented in the macular region contains two main components: the first harmonic at the stimulus frequency (1F) and the second harmonic at twice the stimulus frequency (2F). Physiologic and clinical studies have demonstrated that the 1F originates in the outer retina, whereas the 2F has multiple postreceptoral sources, with a contribution of the innermost retina. The 2F, unlike 1F, is selectively altered in amplitude and phase in the early stages of optic neuritis and glaucoma. Both 1F and 2F are altered in maculopathies. An additional property of the focal electroretinogram is that the 2F, unlike 1F, has a very limited summation area (i.e., the function relating 2F amplitude with stimulus area is saturated for central stimulus sizes of the order of the macular region). This overrepresentation of the macular activity suggests that the 2F component of the flicker electroretinogram may provide a specific macular test even for full-field stimuli presented through opacities of the optical media.     

特发性黄斑裂孔手术前后矫正视力及多焦视网膜电图比较

目的 观察特发性黄斑裂孔(IMH)玻璃体切割手术(PPV)联合吲哚青绿(ICG)辅助内界膜剥除治疗前后的矫正视力及多焦视网膜电图(mfERG)的改变.方法 回顾分析我科接受PPV联合0.25%ICG辅助内界膜剥除治疗的特发性黄斑裂孔患者19例19只眼的临床资料.所有患眼手术前裂孔情况和手术后2个月裂孔闭合情况均以OCT检查为依据.采用VERIS Science 4.9视觉诱发反应图像系统观察手术前及手术后2、6、12个月患者mfERG6个环形视网膜区域mfERG的P1波振幅密度,同时分析比较手术前后最佳矫正视力的改变情况.结果 手术后2个月,OCT检查显示16例16只眼黄斑裂孔闭合,占84.21%;3例3只眼黄斑裂孔未闭合,占15.79%.手术后最佳矫正视力较手术前提高,其中以手术后2个月提高幅度最大(F=6.389,P=0.045).手术后2、6、12个月mfERG各环P1波振幅较手术前均明显降低,其差异均有统计学意义(t=6.140,P＜0.05).结论 IMH患者手术后最佳矫正视力提高;手术后P1波振幅较手术前降低.     

视网膜断层扫描检查黄斑水肿的临床意义

目的 评价海德堡视网膜断层扫描仪(HRT Ⅱ)的视网膜软件模块(HRT Ⅱ-RM)检测黄斑水肿的临床意义.方法 比较性临床研究.对2005年10月至2006年1月间就诊的65例(126只眼)视网膜静脉阻塞和非增生期糖尿病视网膜病变患者,依据其荧光素眼底血管造影(FFA)结果,分为黄斑水肿组和无黄斑水肿组.采用HRTⅡ检查黄斑水肿眼的病变形态特征及视网膜中心部和外环部水肿指数(e值)变化,分别记录为e1和e2.将入选眼e值与视网膜神经上皮层厚度、最佳矫正视力、多焦视网膜电图一阶反应的N1波和P1波的潜伏期和振幅密度进行相关性分析.结果 HRTⅡ-RM扫描可分辨出不同类型的黄斑水肿,包括囊样、局部及弥漫水肿.有无黄斑水肿组间e值差异有统计学意义(e1:t=-19.238,e2:t=-12.436;均P＜0.01).e1和e2诊断黄斑水肿的最佳临界值分别为1.475和1.411,敏感性为92.9%和91.8%,特异性为97.6%和95.1%.视网膜厚度值与e值有相关性(e1:r=0.816,e2:r=0.587;均P＜0.01);最佳矫正视力与e值有相关性(视网膜中心部r=0.658,视网膜外环部r=-0.640;均P＜0.01);多焦视网膜电图N1波潜伏期与e值有相关性(视网膜中心部r=0.266,视网膜外环部r=0.312;均P＜0.01);N1波振幅密度与e值有相关性(视网膜中心部r=0.609,视网膜外环部r=-0.586;均P＜0.01);P,波潜伏期与e值有相关性(视网膜中心部r=0.529,视网膜外环部r=0.431;均P＜0.01);P,波振幅密度与e值有相关性(视网膜中心部r=-0.783,视网膜外环部r=-0.714;均P＜0.01).结论 应用HRTⅡ-RM检测黄斑水肿患者,不仅能反映病变局部形态学改变特征,而且可显示其定量指标e值的变化,这均与视网膜的功能变化有关,可应用于临床检测黄斑水肿患者.     

六种黄斑部病变的多焦视网膜电图比较

目的:比较6种黄斑病变的多焦视网膜电图(mERG)差异。 方法:记录了6种类型黄斑部病变患者的mERG,并与相应年龄组正常对照进行了比较。 结果:各种类型黄斑病变mERG均较正常对照组有显著差异,mERG各环N1、P1振幅反应降低,潜伏期延长(P<0.01);mERG振幅降低以中心1环处最为严重,随离心度增加mERG振幅与正常差异有逐渐减小趋势;在6种黄斑病变中mERG 1环振幅以渗出性老年性黄斑变性(ARMD)、中心性渗出性脉络膜视网膜病变、特发性黄斑裂孔和Stargardt病mERG降低较严重,而萎缩性ARMD、特发性黄斑部视网膜前膜及特发性中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变mERG变化相对较轻。 结论:mERG是一种十分有效的黄斑功能测定方法;不同类型黄斑病变的黄斑功能在总体上存在有差异。眼科学报 2003;19:257-261。     

隐匿性黄斑营养不良临床分析

目的 探讨隐匿性黄斑营养不良患者的临床特点。方法 回顾性病例系列研究。隐匿性黄斑营养不良患者9例（14只眼）,其中男性3例,女性6例;年龄7 ～ 53岁,平均36岁。患眼行视力、双目间接检眼镜、荧光素眼底血管造影、视网膜电图(ERG)、多焦ERG、视诱发电位、相干光断层扫描及色觉等检查。患者组与正常对照组多焦ERG的1环和2环P1波的潜伏期、振幅密度比较,采用两独立样本t检验;患眼多焦ERG的1环和2环P1波的潜伏期、振幅密度与视力的相关性采用一元线性相关分析。结果 9例（14只眼）隐匿性黄斑营养不良患者中,视力0.05 ～0.2者9只眼,0.3 ～0.6者4只眼,≥0.7者1只眼。所有患者均表现为进行性视力下降,但眼底检查、荧光素眼底血管造影、ERG检查均未见明显异常,仅多焦ERG检查结果显示黄斑中心区功能受损。1环P1波潜伏期：患者组(27.67±1.07) ms,对照组(26.28±1.88) ms,两组间比较差异有统计学意义(t=-2.308,P＜0.05);1环P1波振幅密度：患者组(42.71±15.48) nv/deg2,对照组(66.79±14.87) nv/deg2,两组间差异有统计学意义(t =5.259,P＜0.05)。2环P1波潜伏期：患者组(27.80±1.20)ms,对照组(26.91±0.82)ms,两组间差异有统计学意义（t=-2.275,P＜0.05）;2环P1波振幅密度：患者组(24.99±8.49) nv/deg2,对照组(39.20±6.47) nv/deg2,两组间差异有统计学意义(t=4.943,P＜0.05)。患者组1环和2环P1波的潜伏期（r=-0.329,-0.369）和振幅密度(r=0.053,0.057)与视力均无相关性(P＞0.05)。结论 隐匿性黄斑营养不良患者的主要临床表现为视力下降,而眼底、荧光素眼底血管造影、ERG检查均正常,多焦ERG改变为黄斑部锥细胞营养不良的主要表现。     

视网膜中央静脉阻塞黄斑水肿玻璃体腔注射曲安奈德后视网膜电图明视负向反应变化

背景玻璃体腔注射曲安奈德（TA）对于视网膜中央静脉阻塞（CRVO）患者黄斑区水肿的消退以及视力的维持和提高作用较明显,明视负向反应（PhNR）可以反映视网膜内层视网膜神经节细胞（RGCs）及其轴突的功能,两者间是否存在联系是尚待解决的问题。目的比较分析CRVO黄斑水肿患者玻璃体腔内注射TA前后视网膜电图（ERG）的PhNR的变化,探讨PhNR作为治疗过程中监测视网膜功能的价值。方法收集比较CRVO伴黄斑水肿者12例13眼,于玻璃体腔内注射TA（0．1ml,4mg）前1d及注射后4周分别用标准小数视力表、光学相干断层扫描仪（OCT）、德国Roland RETI scan3．15系统检查视力、黄斑区视网膜厚度和PhNR。结果接受TA玻璃体腔注射后4周,12例患者13眼中有12眼视力提高,1眼视力不变。与玻璃体腔注射TA前比较,玻璃体腔注射TA后4周OCT显示黄斑区神经上皮细胞层水肿明显减轻,厚度减小;闪光视网膜电图（F—ERG）显示PhNR在玻璃体腔注射TA后波形明显改善。玻璃体腔注射前后患眼的视力分别为0．32±0．12和0．48±0．09,差异有统计学意义（t=6．325,P=0．000）;玻璃体腔注射后患眼黄斑区神经上皮层厚度与注射前比较明显下降[（459．46±131．31）μmvs（297．54±43．31）μm],差异有统计学意义（t=5．961,P=0．000）,玻璃体腔注射前后患眼的PhNR平均振幅值分别为（61．28±20．16）μV和（80．23±22．96）μV,差异有统计学意义（t=4．438,P=0．001）。玻璃体腔注射TA前后黄斑区神经上皮层厚度与PhNR振幅间均无明显的相关性（注射前：r=0．587,P=0．035;注射后：r=一0．011,P=0．971）。结论CRVO黄斑水肿患者行玻穗蚀日奉内沣射TA后,PhNR可以做为监测患者内层视网膜功能变化的有效指标。