道路交通伤机动车碰撞类型比较研究

目的：研究道路交通伤的临床流行病学特点与机动车碰撞类型的关系。方法；将14779例由机动车碰撞所致的道路交通伤患者按其碰撞类型分组，对致伤方式、受伤部位、创伤严重程度、生理改变以及预测预后等方面进行比较和统计学分析。结果：机动车与行人和机动车碰撞为道路交通伤机动车主要碰撞类型，机动车与行人和摩托车碰撞致伤者损伤严重程度评分（ISS）分值较高，生存概率（Ps )预测值较低，且死亡所占比例较大（51．98％，92／177）；2个部位损伤为各种碰撞类型的主要受伤形式，其中头部及四肢骨骼伤较为常见，胸及腹部简明损伤定级（AIS）高会值伤较多；车外人员伤后生理紊乱较车内人员更为显著（P＜0．0）。结论：机动车所致的道路交通临床特点根据碰撞类型不同而有明显区别，高危伤情、高发部位及高危区为非对称性分布，机动车外交通伤比车内交通伤更为严重。     

老年人交通事故伤分析

我院１９９２～１９９３年收治６０岁以上交通事故伤７４例分析如下。临床资料男６４例，女１０例。年龄６０～８２岁。以撞击伤为主。机动车与自行车、三轮车相撞４１例，占５５．４％；机动车与行人相撞２６例，占３５．１％；机动车与机动车相撞３例，占４．０％；其它...     

1894例青藏高原道路交通伤分析

目的探讨青藏高原道路交通伤的流行病学特点，寻求有效的预防高原交通事故的方法和交通伤患者的急救措施。方法回顾性统计分析我院1980年1月-2000年12月救治的有较详细记录的1894例道路交通伤病案和门、急诊室相关登记。结果21年间，青藏高原道路交通伤共1894例；大部分的交通伤发生在青藏公路上，占68．0％(1288／1894)；交通伤患者损伤较重，需要住院治疗者占54．0％(1022／1894)；患者以内地初到高原者居多，占61．1％(1158／1894)；死亡108例，死亡率5．7％；受伤至就诊时间较长，平均后送时间为6h以上；就诊前大多数患者无任何处理措施。结论高原缺氧、道路不明、疲劳驾驶是造成交通事故的主要原因；沿途缺乏医疗卫生机构、严重缺氧、后送时间长和后送人员医疗卫生知识较差是造成交通伤患者死亡率较高的原因。     

北京急救中心救治机动车事故致伤496例分析

目的：分析北京地区交通事故伤流行病学特点．方法：回顾性分析北京急救中心１９９０～１９９４年收治的４９６例因机动车事故致伤病例．结果：伤员中流动人口的比例高于本地居民．骑自行车者和行人是主要受害者．小卧车是造成机动车事故的主要车型．多发伤占总数的５２％，ＩＳＳ平均２４．１分．结论：交通管理和急救医疗网络应进一步完善．提高对交通事故伤员的院前治疗和急救医疗水平至关重要．     

87例胸腹多发伤救治分析

我院１９８７年８月～１９９７年８月救治胸腹多发伤８７例，现分析如下。临床资料８７例中男６７例，女２０例；年龄１４～６８岁。伤后就诊时间０．５～６小时。开放性损伤５６例，其中刀刺伤５１例，占９１．１％。闭合性损伤３１例，其中车祸伤２４例，占７７．５％。...     

昆明市366例道路交通伤特点

目的研究道路交通伤的损伤机制、特点及其法医学意义，为创伤急救提供依据。方法对2004年昆明市366例道路交通伤死亡患者的法医病理鉴定资料进行回顾性研究。结果车内人员挤压伤与砸压伤高于车外人员。机动车驾驶员面骨骨折为行人的2．3倍。货车与拖拉机造成开放性脑损伤为其他车辆的3—5倍，碾压伤是其他车辆的1—2倍。轿车导致颅脑损伤比例高于其他车辆，颅骨、面骨骨折的比例低于其他车辆。结论不同车辆导致损伤的机制、特点不同；货车与拖拉机造成的多发伤多于其他车辆；轿车造成颅脑损伤比例高于其他车辆，颅骨、面骨骨折比例低于其他车辆。     

多发伤中骨折的早期治疗

随着社会和城乡交通事业的发展，多发伤的发病率有日益增加的趋势。我院自１９９０年１月～１９９６年１２月共收治含骨折的多发伤２１０例。现报告如下。临床资料１．一般资料：本组患者共２１０例，男１６３例，女４７例；年龄８～６９岁，平均３６．１岁。致伤原因：车...     

外伤性支气管断裂的诊断与治疗

我院共收治外伤性支气管断裂６例，均为闭合性，全部手术治愈．临床资料男５例，女１例；年龄２０～５１岁．重载马车碾压伤３例，机动车撞伤３例．伤后４８小时内就诊５例，８个月１例．左侧５例，右侧１例．合并多发性肋骨骨折伴血气胸４例，张力性血气胸２例．主要症状...     

特重型颅脑损伤62例治疗结果分析

我们收治特重型颅脑损伤６２例，现复习文献分析讨论如下。临床资料本组男５３例，女９例，男∶女为５．９∶１．０；年龄８个月～７６岁，平均３３．９岁。交通伤４４例（７１．０％），跌伤１０例，击伤４例，坠落伤４例。闭合性损伤５４例，开放性损伤８例。合并伤５４...     

重庆市意外伤害住院患者死亡状况分析

目的探讨意外伤害规律，实施有效的三级预防。方法采用二阶段分层整群随机抽样方法并结合重庆市同期卫生统计资料进行分析。结果（１）意外伤害住院病人及其死亡病人均居住院病种的第三位，其中前４位死因系机动车交通事故伤（４２．４５％）、跌（落）伤（２３．２２％）、自杀或自伤（７．９７％）和他杀或他伤（７．１２％）。（２）脑伤占５９．４１％，多发伤占２１．３１％。（３）５９．７２％的意外伤害发生在８∶００～１８∶００时；伤后３分钟，１小时内入院分别占１．８７％，７．９４％。（４）出、入院诊断完全符合率６８．４３％；一次手术后死亡占死亡总数的９５．４％。结论２０～５０岁的人群是意外伤害的高危人群；伤后及时转运、救治及并发症积极处理并加强监护等，对降低意外伤害的院内死亡率具有重要意义     

高速公路内与行人有关的交通事故分析

分析高速内行人活动在交通事故中的危险性。方法通过流行病学方法收集沈大高速公路１９９０－１９９６年间６０９起交通事故的基本资料,建立数据库并分析。结果１６１人次伤亡人员各类行人为１５１人,其中受伤６０人,死亡９１人,死亡率６０．３％,明显高于机动车内人员２７．４％（２６５／９６６）的死亡率。     

Characteristics of road traffic accident casualties admitted to a tertiary care hospital in Sri Lanka

The mortality and morbidity of road traffic accidents (RTA) is increasing in the South Asian region, including Sri Lanka. Therefore, the demographic factors, types of vehicles involved, and the severity of injuries sustained in RTA was studied. Age, gender, and details of the incident of all patients admitted to hospital following a RTA, between January 2007 and August 2012, were obtained by interview. Following a medico-legal examination, the type and severity of injuries was categorized as, non-grievous, grievous, endangering life or fatal in the ordinary course of nature. Of the 579 RTA casualties examined, 72% were males, 28% females, and 26% were in the 20–29 year age group. There were 44% passengers, 32% drivers, and 20% pedestrians. Of the 440 vehicle occupants, 37% were on motor cycles, 28% in three wheelers, 13% in dual purpose vehicles and 11% in buses. Of the 114 pedestrians, 33% had been struck by motor cycles, 19% by three-wheelers and 17% by dual purpose vehicles. There was at least one soft tissue injury in 84%, whilst 45% had one or more fractures. In 85% of bicycle riders, the injuries were grievous, endangering life or fatal in the ordinary course of nature. A high proportion of young adults sustained grievous injuries due to RTA. Almost two thirds of the casualties resulted from motorcycle or three wheeler accidents. Laws limiting the number of passengers carried, installation of side doors, mandatory use of seat belts in three wheelers, and protective garments for motorcyclists are recommended.     

广深高速公路交通事故流行病学调查

目的 探讨广深高速公路交通事故的流行病学特点和相关因素。方法 对广深高速公路1998—2000年间所发生的2484起交通事故档案进行过录登记，经SPSS10．0统计软件分析处理。结果 广深高速公路1998年发生交通事故891起，1999年839起，2000年。754起。每年4～9月份事故多发，占56．3％(1399／2484)；每日以9：00—20：00为事故高峰期，占75．5％(1875／2484)；南北行30—70km为事故高发路段；以白天、光亮、平直路段为高发因素；事故类型多为机动车碰撞，占86．9％(2158／2484)；驾驶员肇事原因以措施不当和违章为主、次要原因，占83．2％(2067／2484)；车辆因素以爆胎为主，占34．1％(848／2484)；2484起交通事故死亡128人，受伤812人，均以颅脑为主要损伤部位。结论广深高速公路交通事故的危险因素主要是人的因素，事故发生与气温呈正相关，事故类型以碰撞为主，爆胎是重要的车辆因素。广深高速公路交通伤以颅脑为首发损伤部位，死亡患者以青壮年为主，颅脑损伤是第一死因。改善交通环境、加强交通管理、开展法规教育和安全教育、科学防止交通事故是预防高速公路交通伤害的主要措施。     

Over 30-year retrospective analyses of moped-motorcycle fatal road accidents in the northern area of the Italian region of Emilia Romagna and review of the literature: Aiming for further preventive measures in the future

Road traffic injuries are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with pedestrians and riders of two-wheeled motor vehicles being the most vulnerable. The present study aims to determine the epidemiological characteristics of fatal motorcycle crashes in a portion of the Italian region of Emilia Romagna, and to compare them with the data available in literature.Data were retrieved from autopsy reports on 350 subjects who died following road accidents involving moped or motorcycle in the cities of Parma, Piacenza, and Reggio Emilia. Two types of data were extrapolated: circumstantial and traumatological. The population was divided into subgroups according to gender, crash time, alcohol positivity, presence or absence of the helmet, and the period elapsed between the accident and death.Most of the considered road accidents occurred during the day and on weekends. 25.5 % of the victims tested positive for alcohol. As far as traumas are concerned, the limbs resulted to be the most affected body segment, followed by the head (87.4 %), the thorax (85.7 %), the abdomen (65.7 %), and lastly the neck (50.3 %).According to similar studies, the sample victim of a moped/ motorcycle accident is a young male subject. The results obtained allow us to demonstrate that the mandatory use of the helmet has reduced skull and brain injury over the years. At present, no law regulates the use of protections for other body parts. Regulatory interventions in this sense would be desirable given the ever more rapid technical evolutions in the field of motorcycles.     

Analysis of fatal road traffic accidents in a coastal township of South India

Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are important causes of mortality and morbidity due to the increasing number of vehicles, changes in lifestyle and the risk behaviours among general population. With the aim of exploring various epidemiological characteristics of RTAs, this retrospective analysis of medico-legal autopsies was conducted between January 2005 and December 2009 in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal in Karnataka, South India. The information was collected from post-mortem registers and inquest documents received from the investigating police officers. The collected information was analysed using SPSS version 11.0. Out of the 879 autopsies conducted during the study period, 39% were due to RTAs. Among the victims, 89.8% were males and 10.2% were females. The mean age of victims was 38.7 years, which was slightly higher in females compared to males. Most of the male victims belonged to the age group 20–29 years. The head injuries were responsible for nearly 3/4th of deaths followed by abdominal injuries (6.7%). The mean duration of survival following road traffic accident was 6–7 days. Occupants of motorized two wheelers (43%) and pedestrians (33%) were the most common victims of RTAs followed by occupants of light motor vehicles (LMVs). The most common offending agents in road traffic accidents were heavy motor vehicles (35.2%) followed by light motor vehicles (31.7%). In view of the above finding, it is apt to conclude that RTAs are important public health hazards and should be addressed through strengthening of emergency healthcare, stricter enforcement of traffic laws and health education.     

1134例颅脑交通伤特点及救治分析

目的 探讨现代颅脑交通伤的特点及救治措施。方法 回顾性分配本科８年间收治的颅脑交通伤１１３４例。其中男８３７例,女２９７例;平均年龄３１例。本组轻型颅脑伤３２５例,中型３３９例,重型４７０例。结果 本组手术治疗３６３例,死亡８７例。非手术治疗７７１例,死亡６０例。总死亡率１２．９６％。治愈８３８,治愈率７３．９０％。结论 （１）城乡机动车辆尤其是摩托车的急剧增多是颅脑交通伤高发的主要原因,其特点是     

重庆市1999年道路交通事故伤的流行病学分析

目的：探讨重庆市道路交通事故发生分布规律，为事故预防提供依据。方法：对重庆市道路交通事故资料进行清理登录和计算机处理分析。结果：（1）1999年共发生交通事故8093起，死亡1039人，受伤5309人，比上年分别上升28.6％、0.1％、48.4％。伤亡比为5.0：1；男女比为2.4：1；年龄主要分布段21-45岁之间，占伤亡人员的61.6％。（2）步行和乘车两种方式伤亡最多，死亡73.4％，受伤68.4％。（3）10：00-12：00和14：00-16：00是一天中的事故高峰。（4）事故中人为因素占94.8％，车辆因素占2.3％，道路因素占0.01％（没有死亡）。结论：重庆市道路交通事故处于严重的时期，加强机动车职业驾驶员和新驾驶员的安全教育和管理，严格控制行人和乘车人的事故伤害，将会使重庆市的安全状况得到改善。     

312国道甘肃省境段2004年度交通事故伤流行病学分析

目的探讨312国道甘肃省境段2004年度公路交通事故伤流行病学特征。方法收集312国道甘肃省境段2004年度发生的交通事故资料，并进行统计分析。结果伤亡人员以男性为主，年龄21-50岁；个体户、农民及农民工和交通运输人员是交通事故发生的高危人群；乘车者、行人、自行车和摩托车驾驶员为交通事故的最大受害者；机动车司机的过失是导致事故的最主要原因；损伤部位以头部和多部位伤最多。结论加速公路建设；加强交通管理，严禁违规行车；提高驾驶员和行人安全意识；对交通环境进行综合治理等，是降低交通事故伤害的主要措施。